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Push and pull factors driving movement in a social mammal: context dependent behavioral plasticity at the landscape scale

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 517-525页

作者： Andrew W.BYRNE James O'KEEFFE christina d.buesching Chris NEWMAN Agri-food and Biosciences Institute Veterinary Science DivisionStormontBelfastUK School of Biological Sciences Queen's University BelfastBelfastUK Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis(CVERA) School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublinIreland department of Agriculture Food and the MarineAgriculture HouseDublinIreland Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordThe Recanati-Kaplan CentreTubney HouseAbingdon RoadTubneyAbingdonOxfordshireUK

Understanding how key parameters(e.g.,density,range-size,and configuration)can affect animal movement remains a major goal of population ecology.This is particularly important for wildlife disease hosts,such as the European badger Meles meles,a reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis.Here we show how movements of 463 individuals among 223 inferred group territories across 755 km2 in Ireland were affected by sex,age,past-movement history,group composition,and group size index from 2009 to 2012.Females exhibited a greater probability of moving into groups with a male-biased composition,but male movements into groups were not associated with group composition.Male badgers were,however,more likely to make visits into territories than females.Animals that had immigrated into a territory previously were more likely to emigrate in the future.Animals exhibiting such"itinerant"movement patterns were more likely to belong to younger age classes.Inter-territorial movement propensity was negatively associated with group size,indicating that larger groups were more stable and less attractive(or permeable)to immigrants.Across the landscape,there was substantial variation in inferred territory-size and movement dynamics,which was related to group size.This represents behavioral plasticity previously only reported at the scale of the species’biogeographical range.Our results highlight how a"one-size-fits-all"explanation of badger movement is likely to fail under varying ecological contexts and scales,with implications for bovine tuberculosis management.

关键词： dispersal socio-biology wildlife biology wildlife disease Meles meles social groups territoriality perturbation bTB

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Need of a paradigm shift to conserve endangered species in China’s national park system

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The Innovation 2023年第4期4卷 23-24页

作者： Biao Yang Qiang dai Yu Xu christina d.buesching Xiaodong Gu Zhisong Yang Zejun Zhang Fuwen Wei Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China department of Biology The University of British ColumbiaKelownaBC V1V1V7Canada Giant Panda National Park Administration Chengdu 610081China Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda Chengdu 610081China

CHINAS EVOLVING NATIONAL PARK dESIGNATIONS ANd SINGLE LARGE PROTECTEd AREA OR SEVERAL SMALL PROTECTEd AREAS(SLOSS)dEBATE As of 2021,the International Union for Conservation of Nature estimated that there are over 6,000 national parks(NPs)in more than 100 countries,most of which are strongly focused on endangered species.1 Over the past 6 years,China has invested US$20million in developing the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP)and a furtherUS$16million in establishing theNortheast China Tiger and Leopard National Park(NCTLNP).

关键词： invested PARK Northeast

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Prosecution records reveal pangolin trading networks in China, 2014–2019

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 666-670页

作者： Xiang-Qin Huang Chris Newman christina d.buesching Mei-Ling Shao Yun-Chun Ye Sha Liu david W.Macdonald Zhao-Min Zhou Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637002China Wildlife Conservation Research Unit The Recanati-Kaplan CentreDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxford OX135QLUK Cook’s Lake Farming Forestry and Wildlife Inc.(Ecological Consultancy)Queens CountyNova Scotia B0J 2H0Canada department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceThe University of British Columbia/OkanaganKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Biodiversity Conservation(Sichuan Province) China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuan 637002China

In a precautionary response to the current coronavirus(COVId-19)pandemic,China’s Ministries permanently banned eating and trading in terrestrial wild(non-livestock)animals on 24 February 2020,and extensively updated the list of Fauna under Special State Protection(LFSSP)in 2020 and 2021,in which pangolins(Manidae spp.)were upgraded to the highest protection level.Examining 509 pangolin prosecution records from China Judgements online prior to these changes(01/01/14–31/12/19),we identified that Guangdong,Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces were hotspots for trade in whole pangolins and their scales.

关键词： trading networks mining

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Effects of early postnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transplantation on piglet gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 645-658页

作者： christina Larsen Simone Margaard Offersen Anders Brunse Mattia Pirolo Soumya Kanti Kar Luca Guadabassi Thomas Thymann department of Veterinary and Animal Science University of CopenhagenDyrlagevej 681870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Animal Nutrition Wageningen Livestock ResearchWageningen University&Research1 De Elst6708 WageningenThe Netherlands

Background diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in piglets during the suckling and weaning periods and poses a major threat to the global pig industry.diarrhea and gut dysbiosis may in part be prevented via improved early postnatal microbial colonization of the gut.To secure better postnatal gut colonization,we hypothesized that transplantation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recipients would prevent diarrhea in the recipients in the post-weaning period.Our objective was to examine the impact of transplanting colonic or gastric content on health and growth parameters and paraclinical parameters in recipient single-housed piglets exposed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Methods Seventy-two 1-day-old piglets were randomized to four groups:colonic microbiota transplantation(CMT,n=18),colonic content filtrate transplantation(CcFT,n=18),gastric microbiota transplantation(GMT,n=18),or saline(CON,n=18).Inoculations were given on d 2 and 3 of life,and all piglets were milk-fed until weaning(d 20)and shortly after challenged with ETEC(d 24).We assessed growth,diarrhea prevalence,ETEC concentration,organ weight,blood parameters,small intestinal morphology and histology,gut mucosal function,and microbiota composition and diversity.Results Episodes of diarrhea were seen in all groups during both the milk-and the solid-feeding phase,possibly due to stress associated with single housing.However,CcFT showed lower diarrhea prevalence on d 27,28,and 29 compared to CON(all Pd a lower ETEC prevalence on d 27(Pd a higher alpha diversity and a difference in beta diversity compared to CON(Pd other paraclinical endpoints were similar across groups.Conclusion In conclusion,only CcFT reduced ETEC-related post-weaning diarrhea.However,the protective effect was marginal,suggesting that higher doses,more effective modalities of administration,longer treatment periods,and better donor quali

关键词： Colonic content filtrate transplantation Colonic microbiota transplantation Gastric microbiota transplantation Gut microbiota Mucosa Neonatal Post-weaning diarrhea

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons christina d.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly individuals.The molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by osteocytes.We hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material properties.We examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses PLR.The control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)bone.This relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical tests.The effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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Exploring the use of virtual reality in surgical education

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第2期13卷 36-43页

作者： Georgios Ntakakis christina Plomariti Christos Frantzidis Panagiotis E Antoniou Panagiotis d Bamidis Georgios Tsoulfas department of Medicine School of Health SciencesAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece School of Computer Science University of LincolnLincoln LN67TSUnited Kingdom department of Surgery Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54124Greece

Virtual reality(VR)technologies have rapidly developed in the past few years.The most common application of the technology,apart from gaming,is for educational purposes.In the field of healthcare,VR technologies have been applied in several areas.Among them is surgical education.With the use of VR,surgical pathways along with the training of surgical skills can be explored safely,in a cost-effective manner.The aim of this mini-review was to explore the use of VR in surgical education and in the 3d reconstruction of internal organs and viable surgical pathways.Finally,based on the outcomes of the included studies,an ecosystem for the implementation of surgical training was proposed.

关键词： Surgical education Virtual reality Abdominal surgery Simulation

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Spinal cord infarction attributed to SARS-CoV-2, with post-acute sequelae of COVId-19: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第36期11卷 8542-8550页

作者： christina V Oleson Andrew C Olsen Suzanna Shermon department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Case Western Reserve UniversityMetroHealth Rehabilitation InstituteClevelandOH 44109United States

BACKGROUNd While stroke and lower extremity venous thromboemboli have been commonly reported following acute infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),spinal cord infarction or ischemia has been extremely rare.Findings of long coronavirus disease(COVId)in this select population have not been studied.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 70-year-old female with sudden onset of trunk and lower extremity sensorimotor loss due to spinal cord infarction,attributed to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2.diagnostic work up confirmed a T3 complete(ASIA impairment Scale A)paraplegia resulting from a thrombotic infarct.Her reported myalgias,neuropathic pain,spasticity,bladder spasms,and urinary tract infections exceeded the frequency and severity of many spinal cord injury(SCI)individuals of similar age and degree of neurologic impairment.In her first year after contracting COVId-19,she underwent 2 separate inpatient rehabilitation courses,but also required acute hospitalization 6 additional times for subsequent infections or uncontrolled pain.Yet other complications of complete non-traumatic SCI(NTSCI),including neurogenic bowel and temperature hypersens-itivity,were mild,and pressure injuries were absent.She has now transitioned from the acute to chronic phase of spinal cord injury care,with subsequent development of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection(PASC).CONCLUSION This individual experienced significant challenges with the combined effects of acute T3 NTSCI and acute COVId-19,with subsequent progression to PASC.Core Tip:Although stroke and venous thromboembolism have been frequently observed with acute coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19),spinal cord infarction leading to paraplegia has rarely been seen.We report a case of spinal cord infarction shortly following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Consequently,this individual has experienced severe neurologic disability,with subsequent development of long COVId.Symptoms such as myalgias,neuro

关键词： Spinal cord infarction Paraplegia COVId-19 SARS-CoV-2 Post-acute

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Seismic sentinel? An analysis of captive giant panda behavior in response to the Lushan earthquake in China

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Earthquake Science 2021年第6期34卷 522-530页

作者： Yuan Jin Xiaozan Ma Bo Luo Guiquan Zhang Rongping Wei desheng Li Hemin Zhang Chris Newman christina buesching dingzhen Liu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration(National Park Administration)on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park Dujiangyan 611830China China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda Dujiangyan 611830China Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordThe Recanati-Kaplan CenterTubneyOX135QLUK department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaV1V 1V7Canada

It is widely believed that various animal species can sense and respond to the geophysical stimuli that precede earthquakes,especially electromagnetic fields,although supporting field evidence is mostly anecdotal.Here we report on the reactions of four female giant pandas under observation over the three days prior to the Lushan(30.1°N,103.0°E)magnitude 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province,China,on April 20,2013.We observed no significant generalized behavioral anomalies indicative of them perceiving an impending earthquake.We also observed no startle behaviors in the 5 s prior to tremors commencing,indicating that these pandas either did not detect or did not respond to precursor P-waves.Our findings suggest that although giant pandas have evolved in,and continue to occupy exclusively,a seismically active range in central China,they do not appear to perceive pre-earthquake geophysical warning signs.

关键词： bio-sentinel giant panda earthquakes abnormal be-havior electromagnetic field P-wave.

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Laparoscopic bilateral inguinal hernia repair: Should it be the preferred technique?

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第4期12卷 193-199页

作者： Christos doudakmanis christina Kolla Konstantinos Bouliaris Matthaios Efthimiou Georgios d Koukoulis department of General Surgery General Hospital of LarissaLarissa 41221Greece

Inguinal hernias are amongst the most common conditions requiring general surgical intervention.For decades,the preferred approach was the open repair.As laparoscopy became more popular and available and more surgeons became familiarized with this modality,laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair became an alternative.The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic inguinal repair,with a focus on bilateral inguinal hernias.Initial reports have shown promising clinical outcomes compared to those of conventional repair of bilateral hernias.However,there are only a few studies concerning laparoscopic repair of bilateral hernias.It is yet to be proven that laparoscopy is the“gold standard”in the treatment of bilateral inguinal hernias.So far,the choice of an inguinal hernia repair technique has been up to each surgeon,depending on their expertise and available resources after taking into consideration each patient’s needs.

关键词： Bilateral inguinal hernia Laparoscopic repair Open repair:Gold standard Chronic pain Recurrence

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Evaluation of a protocol for rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第11期15卷 1226-1236页

作者： Jessica A Ward Jason Yerke Mollie Lumpkin Aanchal Kapoor christina C Lindenmeyer Stephanie Bass department of Pharmacy Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States department of Critical Care Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States department of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUNd Rifaximin is frequently administered to critically ill patients with liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy,but patients currently or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from studies of rifaximin efficacy.due to overlapping spectrums of activity,combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and rifaximin may be unnecessary.A pharmacist-driven protocol was piloted to reduce potentially overlapping therapy in critically ill patients with liver disease.It was hypothesized that withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy would be safe and reduce healthcare costs.AIM To determine the clinical,safety,and financial impact of discontinuing rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill liver patients.METHOdS This was a single-center,quasi-experimental,pre-post study based on a pilot pharmacist-driven protocol.Patients in the protocol group were prospectively identified via the medical intensive care unit(ICU)(MICU)protocol to have rifaximin withheld during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment.These were compared to a historical cohort who received combination therapy with broadspectrum antibiotics and rifaximin.All data were collected retrospectively.The primary outcome was days alive and free of delirium and coma(dAFd)to 14 d.Safety outcomes included MICU length of stay,48-h change in vasopressor dose,and ICU mortality.Secondary outcomes characterized rifaximin cost savings and protocol adherence.Multivariable analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between group assignment and the primary outcome while controlling for potential confounding factors.RESULTS Each group included 32 patients.The median number of delirium-and coma-free days was similar in the control and protocol groups[3 interquartile range(IQR 0,8)vs 2(IQR 0,9.5),P=0.93].In multivariable analysis,group assignment was not associated with a reduced ratio of days alive and free of delirium or coma at 14 d.The protocol resulted in a reduced median duration of rifaximin

关键词： Rifaximin Hepatic encephalopathy Critical illness Antibiotics Liver disease Cirrhosis

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