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Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women from a West-African Population

Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2018年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Bonaventure Awede Mariane SHounnou christiane tshabu-aguemon Grace Adehan Francois Djrolo Marcellin Amoussou-Guenou Anatole Laleye Unite de Physiologie Faculte des Sciences de la SanteUniversite d’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Unite de Gynecologie et d’Obstetrique Faculte des Sciences de la SanteUniversite d’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Unite de Biophysique et de Medecine Nucleaire Facultédes Sciences de la SanteUniversite d’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Unite d’Endocrinologie et de Nutrition Faculte des Sciences de la SanteUniversite d’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Unite de Biologie Humaine Faculte des Sciences de la SanteUniversite d’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin

Thyroid dysfunction is frequent in pregnant women and is often associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcome. In the present work, thyroid function of pregnant women from Benin republic was studied. Two hundred forty (240) pregnant women, without thyroid disease history, have been included in the study. A blood sample was drawn for measurement of TSH, free T3 and free T4 serum levels. From the first to the third trimester, plasma levels of free T3 and free T4 decreased when plasma levels of TSH increased. Using recommendations of the 2011 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, thyroid dysfunction was observed in 24.17% of subjects. Hypothyroidism was present in 22.50% of subjects with 19.17% of subclinical hypothyroidism, 0.83% of overt hypothyroidism and 2.50% of hypothyroxinemia and hyperthyroidism was observed in 1.67% of subjects. An increase from 15.52% to 28.07% was observed in the frequency of hypothyroidism from the first to the third trimester of pregnancy. When an upper cut-off value of 4 mU/L was used for TSH, as recommended in the 2017 ATA guidelines, prevalence of thyroid disorders was 14.58% with 12.91% of hypothyroidism but no hypothyroidism was observed in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. A rise in hypothyroidism frequency was observed when pregnant women age increased. Hypothyroidism was very common in pregnant women in Benin. To allow accurate assessment of thyroid status in pregnant women in Benin, pregnancy specific range for plasma level of TSH and thyroid hormones should be established.

关键词： Pregnancy Thyroid Function Hypothyroidism

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Maternal Hospital Mortality in Cotonou: Incidence, Care-Associated Adverse Events and Causes

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第10期13卷 1688-1698页

作者： Djima Patrice Dangbemey Cedric Bigot Ogourindé Mathieu Ogoudjobi Moufalilou Aboubakar Raoul Atade Paterne Kpoviessi Hounkpatin Benjamin christiane tshabu-aguemon Josiane Angeline Tonato-Bagnan Justin Lewis Denakpo Facultty of Health Sciences Abomey-Calavi University Abomey-Calavi Benin Gynecology-Obstétrics Department Hospital and University Center for Mother and Child Lagune Cotonou Benin University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the CNHU-HLM Cotonou Benin Nursing and Midwifery Training Institute University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Introduction: Despite the many efforts made to combat preventable maternal deaths, these still remain high in Benin. It was therefore important to revisit the causes but especially the adverse events associated with care (EIS) in maternity. Objective: Determine the incidence, adverse events associated with care and causes of intra hospital maternal mortality in cotonou. Methods: This was a cross-sectional maternal mortality review study with retrospective data collection. It covered all cases of maternal death recorded between 2017 and 2021 in two (2) reference university maternities in Cotonou. Adverse events associated with care and the patient were analyzed using the maternal death audit grid validated for Benin. SPSS.26 software was used for data analysis. Results: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio in Cotonou was 2028 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births in 2021. Only 7.2% (n = 36) of deaths were audited. The deceased mothers were 29.8 ± 7.4 years old, with no fixed monthly income in 82.7% (n = 420). Serious adverse events associated with care were: delay in decision to refer in 37% (n = 188), non-medical referral in 85.8% (n = 436) of cases, inadequate pre-referral treatment in 25.7% of cases. In receiving maternities, delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment at the receiving maternity were noted respectively in 22.9% and 28.6% of cases of maternal death. The direct causes of maternal death were dominated by serious obstetric hemorrhage in 43.9% (n = 223). As for the indirect causes, they were dominated by anemia excluding obstetric hemorrhages in 21.5% (n = 109). Conclusion: The in-hospital maternal mortality ratio was very high in Cotonou. The main cause was severe obstetric hemorrhage. There were several serious healthcare-associated adverse events whose correct management would significantly reduce the incidence of maternal deaths.

关键词： Maternal Mortality Adverse Events Care Cotonou

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Epidemiology and Clinical Signs of Gynecological Cancers in an African Country South of the Sahara: Case of the Republic of Benin in 2022

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第12期13卷 2021-2032页

作者： Djima Patrice Dangbemey Raoul Atade Mahublo Vinadou Vodouhe Ameyo Ayoko Ketevi Samiath Bakary Ogourindé Mathieu Ogoudjobi Moufalilou Aboubakar Simon Azonbakin christiane tshabu-aguemon Benjamin Hounkpatin Angeline Tonato-Bagnan Justin Lewis Denakpo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Nursing and Midwifery Training Institute University of Parakou Parakou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: Gynaecological cancers are the deadliest of the women’s cancers in the Republic of Benin. Late diagnosis is the most common reason. Objective: This paper aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics, and clinical and pathological signs of gynaecological cancers treated in the Republic of Benin between 2018 and 2022. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospectively collected study of patient data treated between 2018 and 2022 in two university gynaecology departments in Cotonou. All gynaecological cancers that have histological evidence were included. The epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of the cancers were assessed. Results: Cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers were the most common in the proportions of 62.0%, 24.1%, 12.0% and 1.8% respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 54 years. The victims were uneducated and had low economic power in 81% and 85% of cases, respectively. The consultation was late in 82.1% of cases. Metrorrhagia, postmenopausal metrorrhagia and pelvic cluster headache were the common reasons for consultation for cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer, respectively. Diagnosis was late in 66.7% (n = 71). The most common histological types were squamous cell carcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and serous cystadenocarcinoma for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, respectively. Conclusion: Gynaecological cancers were common and their consultation time was delayed. The diagnosis was made at the advanced stage and there were several reasons for this.

关键词： Gynaecological Cancers Epidemiology Signs Benin

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Women Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Factors Associated with Early Screening in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin in 2018

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 131-156页

作者： Stéphane Arold Bidossessi Senahoun Nicolas Hamondji Amegan Mahougnon Hugues Serge Dohou Hermann Comlanvi Agbedjinou Lucresse Corine Fassinou Tècle Edwige Korogone Armand Ibikounle Dieudonné Fambo Joël Gamêlé Mikponhoué christiane tshabu aguemon Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal Québec Canada Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Médecine Cardiovasculaire Faculté de Médecine de l’Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Ecole de Santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgique Ecole Nationale des Techniciens Supérieurs en Santé Publique et en Surveillance Epidémiologique Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

Background: Breast cancer is the dominant cancer in women in both developed and developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices and factors associated with early breast cancer screening among women in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study with prospective data collection from October 1 to 8, 2018, involving 1740 women in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi, aged 18 years or older and selected by WHO four-stage random cluster sampling. Consenting women who were mentally competent, 18 years of age or older at the time of the survey, and residing continuously in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi for the last six months prior to the survey were included. On the other hand, women who belonged to a breast cancer prevention service, women in whom secondary screening was noted, or non-consenting women were not included. The initial minimum size was estimated by the Schwartz formula with a cluster effect of k = 2. Information was collected by questionnaire survey, entered with Epidata 3.1. Fr and analyzed with R Studio 3.5.1. software. Results: The mean age of the women surveyed was 32.0 ± 11.5 years with a range of 18 and 71 years. Regarding knowledge, the clinical manifestation known by the majority of women was the presence of a nodule (68.50%). In the series, 1308 (75.17%) declared having heard about breast cancer once before, either on the radio, television or from friends and 726 (55.50%) had heard about breast cancer screening. Five hundred and twelve (70.52%) of the 726 who had heard of breast cancer said they knew that breast cancer could be screened earlier. Breast self-examination was the most cited screening method (67.58%). The disease is of natural origin according to 37.84% of them. Regarding attitudes and practices, the prevalence of early breast cancer screening was 12.93%, of which 11.67% declared that they had checked themselves to kno

关键词： Breast Cancer Early Screening Knowledge Practices Attitudes Associated Factors

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Vaginal Touch versus Transvaginal Ultrasound in the Management of Threatened Preterm Labour at the University Hospital Center of Porto-Novo (Benin)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017年第11期7卷 1141-1149页

作者： Ogourinde Mathieu Ogoudjobi christiane tshabu-aguemon Megnisse S. H. S. Lokossou M. Veronique Tognifode Moufalilou Aboubakar Gounou Didier Komongui Joseph Lanwassonou Angéline Tonato Bagnan Antoine Lokossou Issifou Takpara René-Xavier Perrin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Objective: To evaluate the risk of preterm delivery with vaginal touch in opposition with transvaginal ultrasound in pregnant women who present signs and symptoms of threatened preterm labour. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with descriptive and comparative aims at the University Hospital of Porto-Novo, Benin Republic between 1 March and 31 August 2016. Every pregnant woman admitted to the emergencies of the maternity between 28 and 34 of WA (weeks of amenorrhoea) and attended for preterm delivery risk with intact membranes was included. The risk of preterm delivery was evaluated using vaginal touch and ultrasound examination of cervical length. Results: The risk of preterm delivery was obvious and identical with the cervical dilatation ≥2 cm when the vaginal touch was applied [RR 2.34 IC 95% (1.71 - 3.20)] and ultrasound examination of cervical length - 4.16)]. The cervix obliteration was not statistically linked to preterm delivery. The ultrasound examination of cervical length had a better sensitivity (87.76%) and a negative predictive value (81.54%) against 59.18% and 74.68% respectively for cervical dilatation at vaginal touch. Bishop score also had a better specificity with the one of the ultrasound examination of cervical length (79.11% vs. 33.54%) whereas both of them had almost identical negative predictive value (81.17% vs. 81.54%). Conclusion: Vaginal touch was also as relevant as transvaginal ultrasound while evaluating the risk of preterm delivery. For the lack of ultrasound in emergency rooms, a good physical examination would be sufficient by its own to decide of an adequate management when there is a threat of preterm delivery.

关键词： Threat of Preterm Delivery Vaginal Touch Transvaginal Ultrasound Comparison

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Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Sexuality and Modern Contraceptive Methods among the Young People at Cotonou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第10期8卷 882-890页

作者： tshabu aguemon christiane Yunga Foma Jean de Dieu King Sopouassi V. Nicholas Matabishi Philemon Charles Le Bon Pérrin René Xavier Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Higher Institute of Medical Technology Uvira The Democratic Republic of Congo Redenption Hospital Monrovia Sierra Leone Faculty of Medicine Bukavu University Bukavu The Democratic Republic of Congo

Introduction: Youth is the period of life when one usually experiences sexual relations for the first time. Lack of preparation and inexperience lead to unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. The aim was to study the knowledge, attitudes and practices of sexuality and modern contraceptive methods among young people in Cotonou. Method: This was a descriptive and prospective study that was conducted from August to September 2017 among young people living in Cotonou. Results: We had questioned 500 young people. The sex ratio was 0.6 with 267 girls (61.1%). 27.9% of young people surveyed do not know the fertility period. 76.2% of young people are sexually active and 39.8% have at least 2 sexual partners. Most of these young people had early sexual intercourse at an average age of 16.73 ± 2.85 years. Half of the boys have sex for pleasure and half of the girls have sex for love. 100% of young people know at least one STI, especially HIV/AIDS. Of the 15.10% of cases of reported pregnancy, 49.2% resulted in an abortion. 99% are aware of modern contraceptive methods for the prevention of pregnancy. But 53.7% are unaware that modern contraceptive methods prevent STIs. The main sources of information on contraception are the media and teachers. The main modern contraceptive method used is the condom in 73%. Young people surveyed do not use modern contraceptive methods in 57.5%. Conclusion: The practices of sexuality and modern contraceptive methods remain quite limited among young people. It is important to intensify information and awareness activities.

关键词： Young People Modern Contraceptive Methods Sexuality

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A Third-Order Accurate Wave Propagation Algorithm for Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 403-427页

作者： christiane Helzel Institute of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany

We extend LeVeque's wave propagation algorithm,a widely used finite volume method for hyperbolic partial differential equations,to a third-order accurate *** resulting scheme shares main properties with the original method,i.e.,it is based on a wave decomposition at grid cell interfaces,it can be used to approximate hyperbolic problems in divergence form as well as in quasilinear form and limiting is introduced in the form of a wave limiter.

关键词： Wave propagation algorithm Hyperbolic partial differential equations Third-order accuracy

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NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION OF THE SMOLUCHOWSKI EQUATION USING RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2020年第1期38卷 176-194页

作者： christiane Helzel Maximilian Schneiders Institut of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-Universitat DusseldorfGermany formerly Institut of Mathematics Heinrich-Heine-Universitat DusseldorfGermany

The goal of this paper is to present a numerical method for the Smoluchowski equation,a drift-diffusion equation on the sphere,arising in the modelling of particle *** numerical method uses radial basis functions(RBF).This is a relatively new approach,which has recently mainly been used for geophysical *** a simplified model problem we compare the RBF approach with a spectral method,*** standard approach used in related physical *** comparison as well as our other accuracy studies show that RBF methods are an attractive alternative for these kind of models.

关键词： Smoluchowski equation Spectral method Radial basis function method

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Positive diversity effects on productivity in mixtures of arable weed species as related to density-size relationships

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 792-804页

作者： christiane Roscher Jens Schumacher UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Physiological DiversityPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5a04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Mathematics University of JenaErnst-Abbe-Platz 207743 JenaGermany

Aims Diversity-productivity relationships among herbaceous species have mostly been studied in grasslands,while less is known about diversity effects among weedy species with a short life *** We studied diversity-productivity relationships,shoot density,size and allometry in experimental communities of different species richness(one,three,six,and nine species),functional group number(one to three functional groups:grasses,small herbs and tall herbs)and functional group evenness(even and uneven number of species per functional group)based on a pool of nine arable weed species with a short life cycle in a 2-year *** Findings Higher species richness increased above-and belowground biomass production in both years of the *** partitioning showed that positive selection effects increased with increasing species richness and functional group number,while positive complementarity effects were greater when tall herbs were *** yield totals were larger than 1 across all species richness levels but did not increase with species richness,which is consistent with constant positive complementarity *** biomass production and diversity effects increased in the second year of the experiment,when communities achieved greater shoot densities and average shoot *** the community level,varying productivity was mainly attributable to variation in mean shoot *** herbs reached greater observed/expected relative yields(=overyielding)due to increased shoot sizes,underyielding of small herbs was mainly attributable to decreased shoot sizes,while grasses partly compensated for reduced shoot sizes by increasing *** in community-level density-size relationships and changes in shoot allometry in favour of greater height growth indicated that a greater biomass at a given density was due to increased dimensions of occupied canopy *** conclude that diversity effects are also possible among short-lived a

关键词： allometry biodiversity complementarity effects density selection effects

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Maternal investment and reproductive success in Chinese water deer

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 102-110页

作者： christiane MAUGET Robert MAUGET CNRS-UMR 5173/MNHN-USM 305 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle57 rue Cuvier75231 Paris Cedex 05France

Among cervids,maternal investment,estimated as the amount of resources and care allocated to the offspring,was expected to be related to species body size. Therefore,maternal investment in a herd of captive Chinese water deer Hydropotes inermis,a relatively small species of cervid,was investigated over 3 years. Except during the lactation period,reproductive females spent about 2-fold more time resting than feeding. During lactation,the amount of time spent feeding increased highly (25.3 min/h during lactation vs 17.3 min/h during the gestation period). Females spent less than 30% of time in communal behaviours with offspring. They did not reject alien fawns during this care period. Frequency and duration of suckling events decreased exponentially from the second week onwards. More than 10% of suckling bouts were non-filial. Prenatal investment leads to a mean litter mass (about 12% of maternal mass) higher than in most cervid species. Postnatal investment in fawns represents a daily mass gain of ca. 85 g/d during the first 2 weeks,without any sexual difference. Female production,timing and synchrony of births and survival of fawns characterized reproductive success. Seventy percent of mature females gave birth,with a mean of 1.9 offspring per female. The sex ratio was even. Births were synchronous,80% of births occurring in 25 days. In this herd,0.74 fawn per female was successfully weaned and 0.56 fawn per female survived through their first year. Based on these results we conclude that reproductive strategy of Chinese water deer was efficient and characterized by mother-offspring relationships typical of hiders and high levels of pre-and postnatal investments. This strategy seems typical of small species of cervids without marked sexual dimorphism.

关键词： Chinese water deer Reproductive investment Maternal care Time-budget Growth Fawn survival

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