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Tourniquets do not increase the total blood loss or reamputation risk in transtibial amputations

World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第1期8卷 62-67页

作者： christian Wied peter T Tengberg Gitte Holm Thomas Kallemose Nicolai B Foss Anders Troelsen Morten T Kristensen Depart-ment of Orthopedic Surgery Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Clinical Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Physical Medicine and Rehabilita-tion Research--Copenhagen Department of Physical TherapyCopenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre

AIM To investigate the total blood loss(TBL) and the safety with respect to the re-amputation rate after transtibial amputation(TTA) conducted with and without a tourniquet. METHODS The study was a single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients with a primary TTA admitted between January 2013 and April 2015. All patients with a primary TTA were assessed for inclusion if the amputation was performed because of arteriosclerosis or diabetic complications. All patients underwent a standardized TTA procedure that was performed approximately 10 cm below the knee joint and performed with sagittalflaps. The pneumatic tourniquet, when used, was inflated around the femur to a pressure of 100 mmH g above the systolic blood pressure. The number of blood transfusions within the first four postoperative days was recorded. The intraoperative blood loss(OBL), which is defined as the volume of blood lost during surgery, was determined from the suction volume and by the weight difference of the surgical dressings. The trigger for a blood transfusion was set at a decrease in the Hgb level < 9.67 g/dL(6 mmol/L). Transfusions were performed with pooled red blood cells containing 245 m L per portion, which equals 55 g/L of haemoglobin. The TBL during the first four postoperative days was calculated based on the haemoglobin level and the estimated blood volume. The re-amputation rate was evaluated within 30 d. RESULTS Seventy-four out of 86 consecutive patients who underwent TTA within the two-year study period were included in the analysis. Of these, 38 were operated on using a tourniquet and 36 were operated on without using a tourniquet. There were no significant preoperative differences between the groups. The patients in both groups had a postoperative decrease in their Hgb level compared with preoperative baseline values. The patients operated on using a tourniquet received approximately three millilitres less blood transfusion per kilogram body weight compared with patients o

关键词： Total blood loss Intraoperative blood loss Transtibial amputation Lower extremity amputation Pneumatic tourniquet Re-amputation

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Carrier lifetime of GeSn measured by spectrally resolved picosecond photoluminescence spectroscopy

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Photonics Research 2020年第6期8卷 788-798页

作者： BRIAN JULSGAARD NILS VON DEN DRIESCH peter TIDEMAND-LICHTENBERG christian PEDERSEN ZORAN IKONIC DAN BUCA Department of Physics and Astronomy Aarhus UniversityNy Munkegade 120DK-8000 Aarhus CDenmark peter Grinberg Institute 9(PGI 9) Forschungszentrum Jilich52425 JilichGermany JARA-Institut Green IT RWTH AachenGermany DTU Fotonik Technical University of DenmarkFrederiksborgvej 399DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Pollard Institute School of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK

We present an experimental setup capable of time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy for photon energies in the range of0.51 to 0.56 eV with an instrument time response of75 *** detection system is based on optical parametric three wave mixing,operates at room temperature,has spectral resolving power,and is shown to be well suited for investigating dynamical processes in germanium-tin *** particular,the carrier lifetime ofa direct-bandgap Ge1-xSnx film with concentration x=12.5%and biaxial strain-0.55%is determined to be 217±15 ps at a temperature of 20 K.A room-temperature investigation indicates that the variation in this life-time with temperature is very *** characteristics of the photoluminescence as a function of pump fuence are discussed.

关键词： lifetime resolved spectral

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Prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 140-153页

作者： Severine Erismann Astrid M.Knoblauch Serge Diagbouga peter Odermatt Jana Gerold Akina Shrestha Grissoum Tarnagda Boubacar Savadogo christian Schindler Jürg Utzinger Gueladio Cisse Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Institut de Recherches en Sciences de la Sante P.O.Box 7192Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Kathmandu University P.O.Box 625045200 DhulikhelNepa

Background:Multiple factors determine children’s nutritional status,including energy and nutrient intake,recurrent infectious diseases,access(or lack thereof)to clean water and improved sanitation,and hygiene practices,among ***“Vegetables go to School:improving nutrition through agricultural diversification”(VgtS)project implements an integrated school garden programme in five countries,including Burkina *** aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and its risk factors among schoolchildren in Burkina Faso before the start of the ***:In February 2015,a cross-sectional survey was carried out among 455 randomly selected children,aged 8-14 years,in eight schools in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina *** status was determined by anthropometric *** and intestinal protozoa infections were assessed using the Kato-Katz and a formalin-ether concentration method.A urine filtration technique was used to identify Schistosoma haematobium *** of anaemia was determined by measuring haemoglobin levels in finger-prick blood *** were administered to children to determine their knowledge of nutrition and health and their related attitudes and practices(KAP).Questionnaires were also administered to the children’s caregivers to identify basic household socio-demographic and economic characteristics,and water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)*** determine the factors associated with schoolchildren’s nutritional status,mixed logistic regression models were *** and associations were considered statistically significant if P-values were below ***:Complete datasets were available for 385 *** prevalence of undernutrition,stunting and thinness were 35.1%,29.4%and 11.2%,*** multivariable analysis revealed that undernutrition was associated with older age(i.e.12-14 years compared to<12 years;adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=3

关键词： Anaemia Burkina Faso Intestinal parasitic infections School garden Undernutrition Water sanitation and hygiene(WASH)

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美国敦煌基金会的历史

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敦煌研究 2024年第4期 30-32页

作者：克里斯蒂安·胡达克倪密·盖茨王平先(译) 敦煌基金会美国斯科基60077 敦煌研究院编辑部甘肃敦煌730030

21世纪初,在游客数量快速增长、气候变化、城市发展造成污染加剧的情况下,莫高窟保护面临着巨大的挑战。敦煌基金会就是在这种情况下出现的。2010年,在樊院长的要求下,倪密·盖茨和李培德一起在美国特拉华州正式成立非营利组织敦煌基金... 详细信息

21世纪初,在游客数量快速增长、气候变化、城市发展造成污染加剧的情况下,莫高窟保护面临着巨大的挑战。敦煌基金会就是在这种情况下出现的。2010年,在樊院长的要求下,倪密·盖茨和李培德一起在美国特拉华州正式成立非营利组织敦煌基金会。自成立以来,敦煌基金会就与敦煌研究院不断发展的需求密切相关,以支持敦煌研究院建立游客中心、举办针对中国保护学者的培训项目、举办相关展览等多种方式助力敦煌文化艺术的研究与弘扬。

关键词：敦煌基金会敦煌研究院莫高窟游客中心

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Genome-wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第3期16卷 162-171页

作者： Andreas Keller Tobias Fehlmann Nicole Ludwig Mustafa Kahraman Thomas Laufer Christina Backes Claus Vogelmeier Caroline Diener Frank Biertz christian Herr Rudolf A. Jorres Hans-peter Lenhof Eckart Meese Robert Bals Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland University 66123 Saarbriieken Germany Department of Human Genetics Saarland University Hospital 66421 Homburg Germany Hummingbird Diagnostics GmbH 69120 Heidelberg Germany Department of Internal Medicine Division for Pulmonary Diseases Philipps University of Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany Institute for Biostatistics Hannover Medical School 30625 Hanover Germany Department of Internal Medicine V- Pulmonology AlIergology Intensive Care Medicine Saarland University Hospital 66421 Homburg Germany Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M) Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Member of the German Center for Lung Research ( DZL) 80539 Munich Germany Bioinformatics Saarland University 66123 Saarbrucken Germany Center for Bioinformatics Saarland University 66123 Saarbrucken Germany

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork （COSYCONET） study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA （miRNA） profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance （two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P 〈 0.05）, including members of the miR-320 family. The identified miRNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway （P - 2.3 × 10 -5）. We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer.

关键词： microRNA Cancer COPD Lung Biomarker COSYCONET

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Ⅲ类MHC基因及补体多态现象的复杂性

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中国免疫学杂志 1990年第3期 187-189页

作者： christian Rittner ,peter M.Schneider ,赵修竹

1989年7月27日到29日在Mainz六届补体遗传会议及在柏林免疫学会议上,来自23个国家的一个遗传学小组成员对Ⅲ类MHC基因及补体多态现象的复杂性进行了讨论.Ⅲ类基因不仅包括补体,还有其它座位,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α及β、21羟化(?)(21—O... 详细信息

1989年7月27日到29日在Mainz六届补体遗传会议及在柏林免疫学会议上,来自23个国家的一个遗传学小组成员对Ⅲ类MHC基因及补体多态现象的复杂性进行了讨论.Ⅲ类基因不仅包括补体,还有其它座位,如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α及β、21羟化(?)(21—OH)A及B、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的重复基因,它们并无功能的相关性。除此之外,补体基因座位也见于染色体1(H,C4BP,CR1,C8A和B)染色体9(C8G)及染色体19(C3)。可能由于发生学、缺乏症及疾病等方面的原因,与MHC连锁的补体基因仍然吸引着众多人的重视.这些研究已成为中性论者(***,Tubingen)与选择论者(T.M(?)o,巴黎)思考的主题.

关键词： MHC 多态现象单倍型单元型同种型基因

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Analyzing Laser-Welded NiTi-NiTi-Joints for Actuator Applications Using Design of Experiments

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2015年第2期5卷 76-81页

作者： Dennis Otibar christian Rathmann Konstantin Lygin Dieter Kreimeier peter Szymansky Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Ruhr-University Boehum Bochum 44801 Germany PSL Technik GmbH Oberhausen 46149 Germany

One promising joining method for NiTi-SMA （shape memory alloy）-components is laser welding. This joining technology bears huge potential regarding process automation and mechanical properties as well as durability, especially within the field of small- and medium-sized actuators. However, there is still need for research due to unsolved issues influencing the microstructure and thus effecting mechanical properties as well as SMA-characteristics of these joints. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the evaluation of quality parameters of NiTi-NiTi-wire-joints. For this purpose, design of experiments with a fractional factorial design is used for the investigation, because of its high potential to decrease experimental effort. This paper provides a basis for future research in the field of SMA-actuators and joining.

关键词： SMA shape memory actuators NiTi-NiTi-joints laser welding joining design of experiments.

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The role of mechanotransduction versus hypoxia during simulated orthodontic compressive strain——an in vitro study of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts

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International Journal of Oral Science 2019年第4期11卷 315-324页

作者： Niklas Ullrich Agnes Schroder Jonathan Jantsch Gerrit Spanier peter Proff christian Kirschneck University Medical Centre of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauβ-Allee 11D-93053 RegensburgGermany Department of Orthodontics University Medical Centre of RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauβ-Allee 11D-93053 RegensburgGermany Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene University Medical Centre of RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauβ-Allee 11D-93053 RegensburgGermany Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery University Medical Centre of RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauβ-Allee 11D-93053 RegensburgGermany

During orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)mechanical forces trigger pseudo-inflammatory,osteoclastogenic and remodelling processes in the periodontal ligament(PDL)that are mediated by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling *** far,it is unknown whether these processes are mainly induced by mechanical cellular deformation(mechanotransduction)or by concomitant hypoxic conditions via the compression of periodontal blood *** primary PDL fibroblasts were randomly seeded in conventional six-well cell culture plates with O2-impermeable polystyrene membranes and in special plates with gas-permeable membranes(Lumox?,Sarstedt),enabling the experimental separation of mechanotransducive and hypoxic effects that occur concomitantly during *** simulate physiological orthodontic compressive forces,PDL fibroblasts were stimulated mechanically at 2 g·cm?2 for 48 h after 24 h of *** quantified the cell viability by MTT assay,gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and protein expression by western blot/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA).In addition,PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis(TRAP+cells)was measured in a 72-h coculture with RAW264.7 *** expression of HIF-1α,COX-2,PGE2,VEGF,COL1A2,collagen and ALPL,and the RANKL/OPG ratios at the mRNA/protein levels during PDL-fibroblast-mediated osteoclastogenesis were significantly elevated by mechanical loading irrespective of the oxygen supply,whereas hypoxic conditions had no significant additional *** cellular–molecular mediation of OTM by PDL fibroblasts via the expression of various signalling molecules is expected to be predominantly controlled by the application of force(mechanotransduction),whereas hypoxic effects seem to play only a minor *** the context of OTM,the hypoxic marker HIF-1αdoes not appear to be primarily stabilized by a reduced O2 supply but is rather stabilised mechanically.

关键词： RAW264.7 periodontal mec

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The vital threat of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Risk factor analysis of 121 consecutive patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3597-3601页

作者： peter Schemmer Frank Decker Genevieve Dei-Anane Volkmar Henschel Klaus Buhl christian Herfarth Stefan Riedl Deptartment of General Surgery Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany Volkmar HenschelInstitute for Statistics and Medical BiometryRuprecht-Karls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany Institute for Statistics and Medical Biometry Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany Deptartment of General Surgery Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany

AIM： To analyze the importance in predicting patients risk of mortality due to upper gastrointestinal （UGI） bleeding under today＇s therapeutic regimen. METHODS： From 1998 to 2001, 121 patients with the diagnosis of UGI bleeding were treated in our hospital. Based on the patients＇ data, a retrospective multivariate data analysis with initially more than 270 single factors was performed. Subsequently, the following potential risk factors underwent a logistic regression analysis： age, gender, initial hemoglobin, coumarines, liver cirrhosis, prothrombin time （PT）, gastric ulcer （small curvature）, duodenal ulcer （bulbus back wall）, Forrest classification, vascular stump, variceal bleeding, MalloryWeiss syndrome, RBC substitution, recurrent bleeding, conservative and surgical therapy. RESULTS： Seventy male （58%） and 51 female （42%） patients with a median age of 70 （range： 21-96） years were treated. Their in-hospital mortality was 14%. While 12% （11/91） of the patients died after conservative therapy, 20% （6/30） died after undergoing surgical therapy. UGI bleeding occurred due to duodenal ulcer （n = 36; 30%）, gastric ulcer （n = 35; 29%）, esophageal varicosis （n = 12; 10%）, Mallory-Weiss syndrome （n = 8, 7%）, erosive lesions of the mucosa （n = 20; 17%）, cancer （n = 5; 4%）, coagulopathy （n = 4; 3%）, lymphoma （n = 2; 2%）, benign tumor （n = 2; 2%） and unknown reason （n = 1, 1%）. A logistic regression analysis of all aforementioned factors revealed that liver cirrhosis and duodenal ulcer （bulbus back wall） were associated risk factors for a fatal course after UGI bleeding. Prior to endoscopy, only liver cirrhosis was an assessable risk factor. Thereafter, liver cirrhosis, the location of a bleeding ulcer （bulbus back wall） andpatients＇ gender （male） were of prognostic importance for the clinical outcome （mortality） of patients with a bleeding ulcer.CONCLUSION： Most prognostic parameters used in clinical routine today are not reliable enough in predicting a patient＇s vital

关键词： UGT bleeding Mortality Risk factors

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Precision medicine in Parkinson's disease patients with LRRK2 and GBA risk variants-Let's get even more personal

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第4期9卷 499-508页

作者： christian U.von Linstow Ziv Gan-Or Patrik Brundin Center for Neurodegenerative Science Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Montreal Neurological Institute McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 2B4Canada Department of Human Genetics McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C7Canada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 2B4Canada

Parkinson's disease(PD)is characterized by motor deficits and a wide variety of non-motor *** age of onset,rate of disease progression and the precise profile of motor and non-motor symptoms display considerable individual ***,the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons is a key feature of *** vast majority of PD patients exhibit alpha-synuclein aggregates in several brain regions,but there is also great variability in the neuropathology between *** the dopamine replacement therapies can reduce motor symptoms,current therapies do not modify the disease *** clinical trials using a wide variety of approaches have failed to achieve disease *** has been suggested that the heterogeneity of PD is a major contributing factor to the failure of disease modification trials,and that it is unlikely that a single treatment will be effective in all *** medicine,using drugs designed to target the pathophysiology in a manner that is specific to each individual with PD,has been suggested as a way *** patients can be stratified according to whether they carry one of the risk variants associated with elevated PD *** this review we assess current clinical trials targeting two enzymes,leucine-rich repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)and glucocerebrosidase(GBA),which are encoded by two most common PD risk *** the details of the pathogenic processes coupled to the different LRRK2 and GBA risk variants are not fully understood,we ask if these precision medicinebased intervention strategies will prove"precise"or"personalized"enough to modify the disease process in PD *** also consider at what phases of the disease that such strategies might be effective,in light of the genes being primarily associated with the risk of developing disease in the first place,and less clearly linked to the rate of disease ***,we critically evaluate the notion that therapies target

关键词： Parkinson's disease Precision medicine Personalized medicine Glucocerebrosidase GCase Leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 Dopamine PD drug trials PD risk variants

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