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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第4期2卷 179-184页

作者： Gerald A Cox II christian s jackson Kenneth J Vega Department of Medicine Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92354United States Gastroenterology section VA Loma Linda Healthcare SystemLoma LindaCA 92357United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Augusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia(GIAD)is defined as the pathological process where blood vessels,typically venules and capillaries,become engorged,tortuous and thin walled–which then form arteriovenous connections within the mucosal and submucosal layers of the gastrointestinal *** are a significant cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and are the main cause for suspected small bowel *** make the diagnosis,gastroenterologists rely on the use of video capsule endoscopy(VCE)to“target”***,the use of VCE can be cumbersome secondary to reader fatigue,suboptimal preparation,and difficulty in distinguishing *** human eye is *** same capsule study read by two different readers are noted to have miss rates like other forms of *** intelligence(AI)has been a means to bridge the gap between human imperfection and recognition of *** use of AI in VCE have shown that detection has improved,however the other burdens and limitations still need to be *** use of AI for the diagnosis of GIAD shows promise and the changes needed to enhance the current practice of VCE are near.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Video capsule endoscopy Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia Detection Bleeding small bowel

Diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： christian Herder Michael Roden Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(DC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

A homing rescue gene drive with multiplexed gRNAs reaches high frequency in cage populations but generates functional resistance

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 836-843页

作者： shibo Hou Jingheng Chen Ruobing Feng Xuejiao Xu Nan Liang jackson Champer Center for Bioinformatics Center for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

CRIsPR homing gene drives have considerable potential for managing populations of medically and agriculturally significant *** operate by Cas9 cleavage followed by homology-directed repair,copying the drive allele to the wild-type chromosome and thus increasing in frequency and spreading throughout a ***,resistance alleles formed by end-joining repair pose a significant *** address this,we create a homing drive targeting the essential hairy gene in Drosophila *** resistance alleles are recessive lethal,while drive carriers have a recoded“rescue”version of *** drive inheritance rate is moderate,and multigenerational cage studies show drive spread to 96%–97%of the ***,the drive does not reach 100%due to the formation of functional resistance alleles despite using four *** alleles have a large deletion but likely utilize an alternate start ***,revised designs targeting more essential regions of a gene may be necessary to avoid such functional *** of the rescue element’s native 3'UTR with a homolog from another species increases drive inheritance by 13%–24%.This was possibly because of reduced homology between the rescue element and surrounding genomic DNA,which could also be an important design consideration for rescue gene drives.

关键词： Genedrive Homing drive Rescueelement Population modification Multiplexed gRNAs Resistance alleles Cage study

Artificial intelligence in Barrett’s esophagus: A renaissance but not a reformation

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第2期1卷 28-32页

作者： Karen Chang christian s jackson Kenneth J Vega Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaRiverside School of MedicineRiversideCA 92521United States Gastroenterology section VA Loma Linda Healthcare SystLoma LindaCA 92357United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineAugusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Esophageal cancer remains as one of the top ten causes of cancer-related death in the United *** primary risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma is the presence of Barrett’s esophagus(BE).Currently,identification of early dysplasia in BE patients requires an experienced endoscopist performing a diagnostic endoscopy with random 4-quadrant biopsies taken every 1-2 cm using appropriate surveillance ***,there is significant difficulty for endoscopists to distinguish different forms of dysplastic BE as well as early adenocarcinoma due to subtleties in mucosal texture and *** obstacle makes taking multiple random biopsies necessary for appropriate surveillance and *** advances in artificial intelligence(AI)can assist gastroenterologists in identifying areas of likely dysplasia within identified BE and perform targeted biopsies,thus decreasing procedure time,sedation time,and risk to the patient along with maximizing potential biopsy *** using AI represents an exciting frontier in endoscopic medicine,recent studies are limited by selection bias,generalizability,and lack of robustness for universal *** AI can be reliably employed for BE in the future,these issues need to be fully addressed and tested in prospective,randomized *** after that is achieved,will the benefit of AI in those with BE be fully realized.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Artificial intelligence Machine learning Cognitive neural networks Computer aided diagnosis Endoscopy

Lunar orbits for telecommunication and navigation services

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 209-220页

作者： Marco Cinelli Emiliano Ortore Giovanni Mengali Alessandro A.Quarta christian Circi Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia spaziali(IAPs) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica(INAF)Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100Roma00133Italy school of Aerospace Engineering Sapienza University of RomeVia Salaria 881Rome00138Italy Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering University of PisaPisa56122Italy Department of Astronautical Electricaland Energy EngineeringSapienza University of RomeVia Salaria 851Rome00138Italy

Orbits that are frozen in an averaged model,including the effect of a disturbing body laying on the equatorial plane of the primary body and the influence of the oblateness of the primary body,have been applied to probes orbiting the *** this scenario,the main disturbing body is represented by the Earth,which is characterized by a certain obliquity with respect to the equatorial plane of the *** a consequence of this,and of the perturbing effects that are not included in the averaged model,such solutions are not perfectly ***,the orbit eccentricity,inclination,and argument of pericenter present limited variations and can be set to guarantee the fulfillment of requirements useful for lunar telecommunication missions and navigation *** advantage of this,a practical case of a Moon-based mission was investigated to propose useful solutions for potential near-future applications.

关键词： lunar orbits frozen orbits lunar telecommunications lunarnavigation services

Transfer learning applications for autoencoder-based anomaly detection in wind turbines

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 1-10页

作者： Cyriana M.A.Roelofs christian Gück stefan Faulstich Fraunhofer IEE Joseph-Beuys-Straße 834117 KasselGermany

Anomaly detection in wind turbines typically involves using normal behaviour models to detect faults *** behaviour models are often implemented through the use of neural networks,of which autoencoders are particularly popular in this ***,training autoencoder models for each turbine is time-consuming and resource ***,transfer learning becomes essential for wind turbines with limited data or applications with limited computational *** study examines how cross-turbine transfer learning can be applied to autoencoder-based anomaly ***,autoencoders are combined with constant thresholds for the reconstruction error to determine if input data contains an *** models are initially trained on one year’s worth of data from one or more source wind *** are then fine-tuned using small amounts of data from the target wind *** methods for fine-tuning are investigated:adjusting the entire autoencoder,only the decoder,or only the threshold of the *** performance of the transfer learning models is compared to baseline models that were trained on one year’s worth of data from the target wind *** results of the tests conducted in this study indicate that models trained on data of multiple wind turbines do not improve the anomaly detection capability compared to models trained on data of one source wind *** addition,modifying the model’s threshold can lead to comparable or even superior performance compared to the baseline,whereas fine-tuning the decoder or autoencoder further enhances the models’performance.

关键词： Condition monitoring Transfer learning Autoencoder Anomaly detecti on Wind turbines Fault detection

Multi-point temperature measurements in packed beds using phosphor thermometry and ray tracing simulations

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 77-88页

作者： Guangtao Xuan Mirko Ebert simson Julian Rodrigues Nicole Vorhauer-Huget christian Lessig Benoit Fond Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics OVGU MagdeburgUniversitaetsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Saxony-AnhaltGermany Institute of simulations and Graphics OVGU MagdeburgUniversitaetsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Saxony-AnhaltGermany Institute of Process Engineering OVGU MagdeburgUniversitaetsplatz 2Magdeburg39106Saxony-AnhaltGermany ONERA The French Aerospace LabDepartment of AerodynamicsAeroelasticity and Aeroacoustics(DAAA)Paris-Saclay University8rue des VertugadinsMeudon92190France

Packed bed reactors are commonly found in the process industry,for example in flame-assisted calci-nation for cement *** the heat transfer inside the bed is essential for process control,product quality and energy *** we propose a technique to determine the internal temperature distribution of packed beds based on a combination of lifetime-based phosphor ther-mometry,ray tracing simulations,and assimilation of temperature data using finite element heat transfer *** establish and validate the technique,we considered a reproducible regular packing of 6 mm diameter aluminum spheres,with one of the spheres in the top layer being electrically *** a sphere inside the packing is coated with thermographic phosphors and excitation light is directed to-wards the packing,luminescence from the coated sphere exits the packed bed after multiple reflection and the sphere's temperature can be *** measurements showed that the temper-ature obtained by phosphor thermometry is independent of the luminescent sphere *** imaging the luminescence on a camera,the luminescence distribution in recorded image depended,however,on the position of the ***,in setups with multiple phosphor-coated spheres,their signals can be separated using a least squares *** demonstrate the approach using a setup with three luminescent spheres and validated the temperature readings against thermocouple *** obtain the spatial signatures for individual sphere positions required for the least squares fit,ray tracing simulations were *** provide an efficient alternative to single sphere measurements that are only practical for regular spherical packed ***-point measurements were used as input to a finite element heat transfer simulations to determine parameters such as particle-to-particle air gap *** these,the full temperature distribution inside the bed could be assimilated from the meas

关键词： Packed beds Phosphor thermometry Ray tracing Heat transfer simulation Data assimilation

Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： sophie schneitler Christina schneider Markus Casper Frank Lammert Marcin Krawczyk sören L Becker Matthias christian Reichert Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Health sciences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections(BI)negatively affect the natural course of *** most frequent BI are urinary tract infections(UTI),pneumonia,and spontaneousbacterial peritonitis(sBP).AIM To assess the relevance of bacterial infections beyond the commonly recognized types in patients with cirrhosis and to investigate their relationship with other clinical *** We retrospectively analyzed patients with cirrhosis and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care *** were classified as typical and atypical,and clinical as well as laboratory parameters were compared between the two *** In a cohort of 488 patients with cirrhosis,we identified 225 typical BI(95 UTI,73 sBP,72 pulmonary infections)and 74 atypical BIs,predominantly cholangitis and soft tissue infections(21 each),followed by intra-abdominal BIs(n=9),cholecystitis(n=6),head/throat BIs(n=6),osteoarticular BIs(n=5),and endocarditis(n=3).We did not observe differences concerning age,sex,or etiology of cirrhosis in patients with typical vs atypical *** BIs were more common in patients with more advanced cirrhosis,as evidenced by Model of End stage Liver Disease(15.1±7.4 vs 12.9±5.1;P=0.005)and Child-Pugh scores(8.6±2.5 vs 8.0±2;P=0.05).CONCLUsION Atypical BIs in cirrhosis patients exhibit a distinct spectrum and are associated with more advanced stages of the ***,the work-up of cirrhosis patients with suspected BI requires detailed work-up to elucidate whether typical BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial infection Empirical antibiotic therapy End-stage liver disease Escherichia coli Multi-resistant pathogens

Exploring the interplay between climate change and schistosomiasis transmission dynamics

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 158-176页

作者： Zadoki Tabo Chester Kalinda Lutz Breuer christian Albrecht Department of Animal Ecology and systematics Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26(iFZ)35392 GiessenGermany Department of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26(iFZ)35392 GiessenGermany Centre for International Development and Environmental Research(ZEU) Justus Liebig University GiessenSenckenbergstrasse 335390 GiessenGermany Bill and Joyce Cummings Institute of Global Health University of Global Health Equity|Kigali HeightsPlot 772 KG 7 Ave.PO Box 6955KigaliRwanda

schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms, poses a major public health challenge in economically disadvantaged regions, especially in sub-saharan Africa. Climate factors, such as temperature and rainfall patterns, play a crucial role in the transmission dynamics of the disease. This study presents a deterministic model that aims to evaluate the temporal and seasonal transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis by examining the influence of temperature and rainfall over time. Equilibrium states are examined to ascertain their existence and stability employing the center manifold theory, while the basic reproduction number is calculated using the next-generation technique. To validate the model's applicability, demographic and climatological data from Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania, which are endemic East African countries situated in the tropical region, are utilized as a case study region. The findings of this study provide evidence that the transmission of schistosomiasis in human populations is significantly influenced by seasonal and monthly variations, with incidence rates varying across countries depending on the frequency of temperature and rainfall. Consequently, the region is marked by both schistosomiasis emergencies and re-emergences. specifically, it is observed that monthly mean temperatures within the range of 22–27 °C create favorable conditions for the development of schistosomiasis and have a positive impact on the reproduction numbers. On the other hand, monthly maximum temperatures ranging from 27 to 33 °C have an adverse effect on transmission. Furthermore, through sensitivity analysis, it is projected that by the year 2050, factors such as the recruitment rate of snails, the presence of parasite egg-containing stools, and the rate of miracidia shedding per parasite egg will contribute significantly to the occurrence and control of schistosomiasis infections. This study highlights the significant influence of seasonal and mo

关键词： Modeling schistosomiasis transmission Temperature Rainfall Basic reproduction number East Africa

Don´t give up on mitochondria as a target for the treatment of diabetes and its complications

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2015-2021页

作者： christian Cortés-Rojo Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Vargas Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia 58030MichoacánMexico

In this editorial,we discuss an article by Wang et al,focusing on the role of mitochondria in peripheral insulin resistance and insulin *** numerous in vitro and pre-clinical studies supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications,efforts to target mitochondria for glycemic control in diabetes using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have produced inconsistent *** intricate functionality of mitochondria is summarized to underscore the challenges it poses as a therapeutic *** mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have demonstrated improvement in mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in pre-clinical diabetes models,the results regarding glycemic control have been mixed,and no studies have evaluated their hypoglycemic effects in diabetic ***,pre-clinical trials have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating diabetes-related ***,we review some reasons why mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may not function effectively in the context of mitochondrial *** also highlight several alternative approaches under development that may enhance the targeting of mitochondria for diabetes treatment.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Mitochondrion Mitochondrial dysfunction MitoQ MitoTEMPO skQ Elamipretide Mitochondria transplantation Glycemic control