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Low serum neutralizing anti-SArS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第4期18卷 936-944页

作者： Berislav Bosnjak Saskia Catherina Stein Stefanie Willenzon Anne Katrin Cordes Wolfram Puppe Gunter Bernhardt Inga ravens christiane ritter christian r.schultze-florey Nina Godecke Jorg Martens Hannah Kleine-Weber Markus Hoffmann Anne Cossmann Mustafa Yilmaz Isabelle Pink Marius M.Hoeper Georg M.N.Behrens Stefan Pohlm ann rainer Blasczyk Thomas F.Schulz reinhold Forster Institute of Immunology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany lnstitute of Virology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Department of Hematology HemostasisOncology and Stem Cell TransplantationHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate research GottingenGermany Faculty of Biology and Psychology University GottingenGottingenGermany Department of rheum atology and Immunology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Public Health Department HannoverGermany Department of Pneumology and German Centre of Lung research(DZL) Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany German Center for Infection research(DZIF) partner site Hannover-BraunschweigHannoverGermany Cluster of Excellence rESIST(EXC 2155) Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany

Neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain(rBD)of the SArS-CoV-2 spike(S)block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2)entry into cells via surface-expressed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2).We used a surrogate virus neutralization test(sVNT)and SArS-CoV-2 S protein-pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus(VSV)vector-based neutralization assay(pVNT)to assess the degree to which serum antibodies from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)convalescent patients interfere with the binding of SArS-CoV-2 S to ACE2.Both tests revealed neutralizing anti-SArS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the sera of ~90% of mildly and 100% of severely affected COVID-19 convalescent patients.Importantly,sVNT and pVNT results correlated strongly with each other and to the levels of anti-SArS-CoV-2 S1 IgG and IgA antibodies.Moreover,levels of neutralizing antibodies correlated with the duration and severity of clinical symptoms but not with patient age.Compared to pVNT,sVNT is less sophisticated and does not require any biosafety labs.Since this assay is also much faster and cheaper,sVNT will not only be important for evaluating the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in a population but also for identifying promising plasma donors for successful passive antibody therapy.

关键词： COVID-19 SArS-CoV-2 Neutralizing antibody Serum ELISA

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Gust response of an elasto-flexible morphing wing using fluid–structure interaction simulations

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第2期37卷 45-57页

作者： Jonathan PFLÜGEr christian BrEITSAMTEr Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical University of MunichGarching 85748Germany

Small and micro unmanned aircraft are the focus of scientific interest due to their wide range of applications.They often operate in a highly unstable flight environment where the application of new morphing wing technologies offers the opportunity to improve flight characteristics.The investigated concept comprises port and starboard adjustable wings,and an adaptive elastoflexible membrane serves as the lifting surface.The focus is on the benefits of the deforming membrane during the impact of a one-minus-cosine type gust.At a low reynolds number of re=264000,the morphing wing model is investigated numerically by unsteady fluid-structure interaction simulations.First,the numerical results are validated by experimental data from force and moment,flow field,and deformation measurements.Second,with the rigid wing as the baseline,the flexible case is investigated,focusing on the advantages of the elastic membrane.For all configurations studied,the maximum amplitude of the lift coefficient under gust load shows good agreement between the experimental and numerical results.During the decay of the gust,they differ more the higher the aspect ratio of the wing.When considering the flow field,the main differences are due to the separation behavior on the upper side of the wing.The flow reattaches earlier in the experiments than in the simulations,which explains the higher lift values observed in the former.Only at one intermediate configuration does the lift amplitude of the rigid configuration exceeds that of the flexible by about 12%,with the elastic membrane resulting in a smaller and more uniform peak load,which is also evident in the wing loading and hence in the root bending moment.

关键词： Membrane wing Morphing wing Flexible wing surface Computational fluid dynam-ics Fluid-structure interaction Unsteady inflow condition Gust response

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Diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： christian Herder Michael roden Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes research(DZD) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections.Their analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(DC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

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Clustering of voltage-gated ion channels as an evolutionary trigger of myelin formation

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第8期19卷 1631-1632页

作者： Henrike Ohm Simone rey christian Klambt Institut fur Neuro-und Verhaltensbiologie MunsterGermany

Neurons carry apical dendrites that perceive information and a basal axon that transmits the computed information towards its to rgets.The axon originates at the axon hillock which is followed by the axon initial segment.Here,action potentials are initiated that are based on millisecond long openings of specific voltagegated sodium and potassium channels that are conserved in all parahoxozoa(Placozoa,Cnidaria,Bilateria)(Li et al.,2015).

关键词： initiated carry potassium

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ray tracing particle image velocimetry-Challenges in the application to a packed bed

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 194-208页

作者： Christin Velten Mirko Ebert christian Lessig Katharina Zahringer Lehrstuhl für Strömungsmechanik und Strömungstechnik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg39106MagdeburgGermany Institut für Simulation und Graphik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg39106MagdeburgGermany

ray tracing Particle Image Velocimetry(rT-PIV)is an optical technique for high resolution velocity measurements in challenging optical systems,such as transparent packed beds,that uses ray tracing to correct for distortions introduced by transparent geometries in the light paths.The ray tracing based correction is a post processing step applied to the raw PIV particle images before classical PIV evaluation.In this study,rT-PIV is performed in the top layer of a body centred cubic(bcc)sphere packing with gaseous flow,where optical access is obtained by the use of transparent N-BK7 glass balls with a diameter of d=40 mm.rT-PIV introduces new experimental and numerical challenges,for example a limited field of view,illumination difficulties,a very large required depth of field and high sensitivity to geometric parameters used in the ray tracing correction.These challenges and their implications are the main scope and discussed in the present work.Further,the validation of the ray tracing reconstruction step is presented and examples for the obtained corrected vector fields in a packed bed are given.The results show the strength of the method in reconstructing velocity fields behind transparent spheres that would not have been accessible by optical measurement techniques without the ray tracing correction.

关键词： ray tracing particle image velocimetry(rT-PIV) Transparent spherical particles Packed bed Distortion correction Gas flow

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Medical management of urolithiasis: Great efforts and limited progress

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 149-155页

作者： Victoria Jahrreiss christian Seitz Fahad Quhal Department of Urology Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Urology King Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia

Objective:To provide a comprehensive review on the existing literature on medical management of urolithiasis.Methods:A thorough literature review was performed using Medline,PubMed/PMC,Embase,and the Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews up to December 2022 to identify publications on the medical management of urolithiasis.Studies that assessed dietary and pharmacologic management of urolithiasis were reviewed;studies on medical expulsive therapy were not included in this review.results:Medical management of urolithiasis ranges from the prophylactic management of kidney stone disease to dissolution therapies.While most treatment concepts have been long established,large randomized controlled trials are scarce.Dietary modification and increased fluid intake remain cornerstones in the conservative management of urolithiasis.A major limitation for medical management of urolithiasis is poor patient compliance.Conclusion:Medical management of urolithiasis is more important in patients with recurrent urolithiasis and patients with metabolic abnormalities putting them at higher risk of developing stones.Although medical management can be effective in limiting stone recurrence,medical interventions often fail due to poor compliance.

关键词： Medicalmanagement Medical therapy Urolithiasis Kidneystonedisease

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HVSr analysis of pumice sands for sediment depth characterization:A case study for Guadalajara,Mexico

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 577-591页

作者： Hafid Salgado M. Alejandro ramírez-Gaytan Adolfo Preciado christian r.Escudero Departamento de Ciencias Exactas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMéxico Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.44430 GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Departamento del Hábitat y Desarrollo Urbano Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente(ITESO)CP.45604 TlaquepaqueMéxico

The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSr)methodology is used here to characterize pumice soils and to image the three-dimensional surface geometry of Guadalajara,Mexico.Similar to other Latin American cities,Guadalajara is exposed to high seismic risk,with the particularity of being the largest urban settlement in Latin America built on pumice soils.Methodology has not yet been tested to characterize subsoil depths in pumice sands.Due to the questionable use of traditional geotechnical tests for the analysis of pumice soils,HVSr provides an alternative for its characterization without altering its fragile and porous structure.In this work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak amplitude(A0)are used to constrain the depth of the major impedance contrast that represents the interface between bedrock and pumice soil.results were compared with borehole depths and other available geotechnical and geophysical data and show good agreement.One of the profiles estimated on the riverbanks that cross the city,reveals different subsoil thickness that could have an impact on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual earthquake.Government and academic efforts are combined in this work to characterize depth sediments,an important parameter that impacts the regulations for construction in the city.

关键词： subsoil of Guadalajara shallow soil thickness bedrock depth pumice soil characterization

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Modern internet search analytics and thyroidectomy:What are patients asking?

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 49-58页

作者： Neeraj Suresh christian Fritz Emma De ravin Karthik rajasekaran Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head&Neck Surgery University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objectives:Thyroidectomy is among the most commonly performed head and neck surgeries,however,limited existing information is available on topics of interest and concern to patients.Study Design:Observational.Setting:Online.Methods:A search engine optimization tool was utilized to extract metadata on Google‐suggested questions that“People Also Ask”(PAA)pertaining to“thyroidectomy”and“thyroid surgery.”These questions were categorized by rothwell criteria and topics of interest.The Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA)benchmark criteria enabled quality assessment.results:A total of 250 PAA questions were analyzed.Future‐oriented PAA questions describing what to expect during and after the surgery on topics such as postoperative management,risks or complications of surgery,and technical details were significantly less popular among the“thyroid surgery”group(Prespectively).PAA questions about scarring and hypocalcemia were nearly threefold more popular than those related to pain(335 and 319 vs.113 combined search engine response page count,respectively).The overall JAMA quality score remained low(2.50±1.07),despite an increasing number of patients searching for“thyroidectomy”(r(77)=0.30,P=0.007).Conclusions:Patients searching for the nonspecific term“thyroid surgery”received a curated collection of PAA questions that were significantly less likely to educate them on what to expect during and after surgery,as compared to patients with higher health literacy who search with the term“thyroidectomy.”This suggests that the content of PAA questions differs based on the presumed health literacy of the internet user.

关键词： information quality online health education search analytics thyroid surgery thyroidectomy

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Melt flow,heat transfer and solidification in a flexible thin slab continuous casting mold with vertical-combined electromagnetic braking

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Journal of Iron and Steel research(International) 2024年第2期31卷 401-415页

作者： Lin Xu Ze-feng Han christian Karcher En-gang Wang Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for Clean Combustion Power Generation and Heating Technology Shenyang Institute of EngineeringShenyang110136LiaoningChina Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Technische Universität IlmenauIlmenau98684Germany

During continuous casting of steel slabs,the application of electromagnetic braking technology(EMBr)provides an effective tool to influence solidification by controlling the pattern of melt flow in the mold.Thus,the quality of the final product can be improved considerably.A new electromagnetic braking(EMBr)method,named vertical-combined electromagnetic braking(VC-EMBr),is proposed to be applied to a flexible thin slab casting(FTSC)mold.To evaluate the beneficial effects of the VC-EMBr,the melt flow,heat transfer,and solidification processes in the FTSC mold are studied by means of numerical simulations.In detail,a reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model together with an enthalpy-porosity approach was used.The numerical findings are compared with respective simulations using the traditional ruler-EMBr.The results demonstrate that the application of the VC-EMBr contributes significantly to preventing relative slab defects.In contrast to the ruler-EMBr,the additional vertical magnetic poles of the VC-EMBr preferentially suppress the direct impact of jet flow on the narrow face of FSTC mold and considerably diminish the level fluctuation near the meniscus region.For instance,by applying a magnetic flux density of 0.3 T,the maximum amplitude of meniscus deflection reduces by about 80%.Moreover,the braking effect of the VC-EMBr effectively improves the homogeneity of temperature distribution in the upper recirculation region and increases the solidified shell thickness along the casting direction.On this basis,the newly proposed VC-EMBr shows a beneficial effect in preventing relative slab defects for FTSC thin slab continuous casting.

关键词： Electromagnetic braking Mold Melt flow Heat transfer Solidification

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A numerical and experimental comparison of heat transfer in a quasi two-dimensional packed bed

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 136-144页

作者： Matthias Tyslik Mirko Ebert Martin Schiemann Siegmar Wirtz christian Lessig Department of Energy Plant Technology Ruhr-University BochumGermany Institute for Simulation and Graphics Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgGermany

Heat transfer plays a major role in many industrial processes taking place in packed beds.An accurate and reliable simulation of the heat exchange between particles is therefore crucial for a reliable operation and to optimize the processes in the bed.The discrete ordinates method(DOM)provides an established numerical technique to model radiative heat transfer in granular media that offers the possibility to consider the directional dependence of the radiation propagation.In this work,DOM is compared with Monte Carlo ray tracing,which provides an alternative method for heat transfer simulations.Geomet-rically simple configurations are used to investigate the influence of the angular discretization on the accuracy of the results and the computation time in both methods.The obtained insights are then transferred to a more complex configuration of a quasi two-dimensional test rig consisting of metal rods for which also experimental results are available.Our results show that both DOM and Monte Carlo ray tracing allow for an accurate simulation of heat transfer in packed beds.Monte Carlo ray tracing requires thereby computation times that are surprisingly competitive(although still somewhat slower)compared to DOM and allows for an easier computation of highly accurate reference solutions.In our preliminary comparison to the experimental test rig,Monte Carlo ray tracing also provides the advantage that it can more easily model highly specular materials such as stainless steel.Both methods are comparable for diffuse materials such as magnesium oxide.

关键词： Heat transfer Discrete ordinates method Monte Carlo ray tracing

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