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3D-Printed PLA Filaments Reinforced with Nanofibrillated Cellulose

Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第7期8卷 759-772页

作者： Matea Perić Robert Putz christian Paulik Wood K Plus-Competence Center for Wood Composites&Wood Chemistry Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbHLinzA-4040Austria Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials Johannes Kepler University LinzLinz4040Austria

In the current study poly(lactic acid)PLA composites with a 3 wt%and 5 wt%of nanofibrillated cellulose(NFC)were produced by 3D-printing *** enzymatic pretreatment coupled with mechanical fibrillation in a twin screw extruder was used to produce high consistency *** electron microscopy(SEM)equipped with Fibermetric software,FASEP fiber length distribution analysis,Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),tensile tests,impact tests and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize NFC and PLA/NFC *** results of the fiber length and width measurements together with the results of the SEM analysis showed that enzymatic hydrolysis coupled with a twin screw extrusion could effectively reduce the diameter and length of cellulose *** produced NFC consisted of microand nanosized fibers entangled in a characteristic *** on the FT-IR analysis,no new bonds were formed during the enzymatic hydrolysis or fibrillation *** TGA analysis confirmed that produced NFC can be used in hightemperature extrusion processing without NFC *** the PLA/NFC composites preparation the NFC agglomerates were formed,which negatively influenced PLA/NFC composites impact *** slightly improved tensile strength and elastic modulus were reported for all composites when compared to the neat *** elongation at break was not affected by the NFC *** significant differences in thermal stability were detectable among composites nor in comparation with the neat ***,the crystallinity degree of the composite containing 5 wt%NFC was increased in respect to the neat PLA.

关键词： Nanofibrillated cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis twin screw extruder poly(lactic acid) 3D-printing

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Efficient determination of stability lobe diagrams by in-process varying of spindle speed and cutting depth

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Advances in Manufacturing 2018年第3期6卷 272-279页

作者： christian Brecher Prateek Chavan Alexander Epple Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering(WZL) RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 3052074 Aachen Germany

The experimental determination of stability lobediagrams （SLDs） in milling can be realized by eithercontinuously varying the spindle speed or by varying thedepth of cut. In this paper, a method for combining boththese methods along with an online chatter detectionalgorithm is proposed for efficient determination of *** accomplish this, communication between the machinecontrol and chatter detection algorithm is established, andthe machine axes are controlled to change the spindle speedor depth of cut. The efficiency of the proposed method isanalyzed in this paper.

关键词： Chatter detection Poincaré Cutting depthvariation Spindle speed

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3D tissue engineering,an emerging technique for pharmaceutical research

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2018年第5期8卷 756-766页

作者： Gregory Jensen christian Morrill Yu Huang Department of Biological Engineering Utah State University

Tissue engineering and the tissue engineering model have shown promise in improving methods of drug delivery, drug action, and drug discovery in pharmaceutical research for the attenuation of the central nervous system inflammatory response. Such inflammation contributes to the lack of regenerative ability of neural cells, as well as the temporary and permanent loss of function associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. This review is focused specifically on the recent advances in the tissue engineering model made by altering scaffold biophysical and biochemical properties for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. A portion of this article will also be spent on the review of recent progress made in extracellular matrix decellularization as a new and innovative scaffold for disease treatment.

关键词： Tissue engineering Decellularization Neurodegenerative disease Drug screening Neuroinflammation 3D cell culture

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A review of synthetic methods for the production of upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第2期7卷 24-34页

作者： christian F.Gainer Marek Romanowski Department of Biomedical Engineering Uniuersity of Arizona Tucson AZ

Upconverting lanthanide nanoparticles overcome many of the problems ssociated with moretraditionally used luminescent contrast agents,such as photobleaching,autofluorescence,cyto-toxicity and *** this reason,they are an atractive choice for biomedical imagingapplications,particularly for imaging in living *** last decade has seen numerousimprovements to these nanocrystals,but a comprehensive guide to the synthesis of upconvertinglanthanide nanoparticles has not yet been *** vary from paper to paper and fromgroup to group,and results vary bet ween research groups for each *** this reason,development of these nanoparticles remains a signicant endeavor for any research groupinterested in joining the *** this review,we look at the varying synthetic methods employedover the last decade and detail methodology for a select few that have been favored in the field.

关键词： Rare earth nanocrystals upconversion imaging luminescence

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Regulation of hepatic blood flow:The hepatic arterial buffer response revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6046-6057页

作者： christian Eipel Kerstin Abshagen Brigitte Vollmar Institute for Experimental Surgery Medical FacultyUniversity of Rostock

The interest in the liver dates back to ancient times when it was considered to be the seat of life processes. The liver is indeed essential to life,not only due to its complex functions in biosynthesis,metabolism and clearance,but also its dramatic role as the blood volume reservoir. Among parenchymal organs,blood flow to the liver is unique due to the dual supply from the portal vein and the hepatic artery. Knowledge of the mutual communication of both the hepatic artery and the portal vein is essential to understand hepatic physiology and pathophysiology. To distinguish the individual importance of each of these inflows in normal and abnormal states is still a challenging task and the subject of on-going research. A central mechanism that controls and allows constancy of hepatic blood flow is the hepatic arterial buffer response. The current paper reviews the relevance of this intimate hepatic blood flow regulatory system in health and disease. We exclusively focus on the endogenous interrelationship between the hepatic arterial and portal venous inflow circuits in liver resection and transplantation,as well as inflammatory and chronic liver diseases. We do not consider the hepatic microvascular anatomy,as this has been the subject of another recent review.

关键词： Hepatic blood flow Hepatic arterial buffer response Liver

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On the Lorentz factor of superluminal sources

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第5期13卷 509-516页

作者： Chika christian Onuchukwu Augustine A. Ubachukwu Department of Industrial Physics Anambra State University Uli Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nigeria Nsukka

We investigate the properties of features seen within superluminal sources often referred to as components. Our result indicates a fairly strong correlation of r ～ 0.5 for quasars, r ～ 0.4 for galaxies and r ～ 0.7 for BL Lac objects in our sam- ple between component sizes and distances from the stationary core. The assumption of free adiabatic expanding plasma enables us to constrain the Lorentz factor for su- perluminal sources. Our estimated Lorentz factor of y ～ 9-13 for quasars, 7 ～ 7-11 for galaxies and y～ 4 - 9 for BL Lac objects indicates that BL Lacs have the lowest range of Lorentz factors.

关键词： galaxies: general -- galaxies: active -- galaxies: jets -- methods: ana-lytical -- methods: statistical -- methods: data analysis

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Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea:from aggregate species to species clusters?

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第2期6卷 100-112页

作者： DRUZHININA Irina KUBICEK christian P. Institute of Chemical Engineering Institute of Chemical Engineering Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Getreidemarkt 9/E1665 A-1060 Vienna Austria Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry Getreidemarkt 9/E1665 A-1060 Vienna Austria

Trichoderma/Hypocrea is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised humans. Species identification, while essential in view of the controversial properties of taxa ofthis genus, has been problematic by traditional methods. Here we will present a critical survey of the various identification methods in use. In addition,we will present an update on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the 88 taxa (which occur as 14 holomorphs, 49 teleomorphs and 25 anamorphs in nature) of Trichoderma/Hypocrea that have been confirmed by a combination of morphological, physiological and genetic approaches.

关键词： TrichodermalHypocrea Genus Molecular taxonomy-phylogeny

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Fibrin glue repair leads to enhanced axonal elongation during early peripheral nerve regeneration in an in vivo mouse model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第7期10卷 1166-1171页

作者： Georgios Koulaxouzidis Gernot Reim christian Witzel Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery University of Freiburg Medical Centre Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Interdisciplinary Breast Center Charité–Universit?tsmedizin Berlin

Microsurgical suturing is the gold standard of nerve coaptation. Although literature on the usefulness of fibrin glue as an alternative is becoming increasingly available, it remains contradictory. Furthermore, no data exist on how both repair methods might influence the morphological aspects（arborization; branching） of early peripheral nerve regeneration. We used the sciatic nerve transplantation model in thy-1 yellow fluorescent protein mice（YFP; n = 10）. Pieces of nerve（1cm） were grafted from YFP-negative mice（n = 10） into those expressing YFP. We performed microsuture coaptations on one side and used fibrin glue for repair on the contralateral side. Seven days after grafting, the regeneration distance, the percentage of regenerating and arborizing axons, the number of branches per axon, the coaptation failure rate, the gap size at the repair site and the time needed for surgical repair were all investigated. Fibrin glue repair resulted in regenerating axons travelling further into the distal nerve. It also increased the percentage of arborizing axons. No coaptation failure was detected. Gap sizes were comparable in both groups. Fibrin glue significantly reduced surgical repair time. The increase in regeneration distance, even after the short period of time, is in line with the results of others that showed faster axonal regeneration after fibrin glue repair. The increase in arborizing axons could be another explanation for better functional and electrophysiological results after fibrin glue repair. Fibrin glue nerve coaptation seems to be a promising alternative to microsuture repair.

关键词： nerve regeneration fibrin glue peripheral nerve regeneration thy-1-YFP mice sciatic nerve branching arborisation neural regeneration

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H pylori and gastric cancer: Shifting the global burden

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5458-5464页

作者： christian Prinz Susanne Schwendy Petra Voland II. MedicalDepartment Technical University of Munich D-81675 MunichGermany

Infection with H pylori leads to a persistent chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, thereby increasing the risk of distal gastric adenocarcinoma. Numerous studies have determined a clear correlation between Hpylori infection and the risk of gastric cancer; however, general eradication is not recommended as cancer prophylaxis and time points for treatment remain controversial in different areas of the world. Prevalence rates in Western countries are decreasing, especially in younger people （〈 10%）; and a decline in distal gastric adenocarcinoma has been observed. Risk groups in Western countries still show considerably higher risk of developing cancer, especially in patients infected with cagA^＋ strains and in persons harboring genetic polymorphism of the IL-1B promoter （-511T/T） and the corresponding IL-1 receptor antagonist （IL-1RN^＊2）. Thus, general eradication of all infected persons in Western countries not recommended and is limited to risk groups in order to achieve a risk reduction. In contrast, infection rates and cancer prevalence are still high in East Asian countries. A prevention strategy to treat infected persons may avoid the development of gastric cancer to a large extent and with enormous clinical importance. However, studies in China and Japan indicate that prevention of gastric cancer is effective only in those patients that do not display severe histological changes such as atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Thus, prophylactic strategies to prevent gastric cancer in high risk populations such as China should therefore especially aim at individuals now at younger age when the histological alterations caused by the bacterial infection was still reversible. In countries with a low prevalence of gastric cancer, risk groups carrying cagA^＋ strains and IL-1 genetic polymorphisms should be identified and treated.

关键词： H pylori Gastric cancer

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Diabetes and pulmonary infection:how hyperglycaemia shapes the immune system

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第4期9卷 1245-1246页

作者： christian Herder Michael Roden Nicolas Venteclef Institute for Clinical Diabetology German Diabetes CenterLeibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany German Center for Diabetes Research(DZD) Partner Düsseldorf85764München-NeuherbergGermany Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany Institut Necker-Enfants Malades(INEM) UniversitéParis CitéINSERM UMR-S1151CNRS UMR-S8253ParisFrance

In a recent study published in Nature,Nobs and colleagues aimed to identify novel mechanisms that may explain why diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to viral respiratory *** analyses revealed a central role of lung dendritic cells(DC)which exhibited several functional defects induced by hyperglycaemia and consequently result in impaired antiviral immune responses.

关键词： impaired lung respiratory

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