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Child Labor: Prevalence, Reasons and Knowledge of Early Learning of Handicrafts in Couffo, Benin in 2018

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 91-101页

作者： Mênonli Adjobimey Rose christelle Nayéton Mikponhoue Paul Yearim Edah Ibrahim Mama Cisse Paul Ayélo Vikkey Antoine Hinson Research and Education Unit in Occupational Health and Environment FSS Cotonou Benin Occupational Health Service of the National University Hospital of Pneumo-Phtisiology of Cotonou Cotonou Benin Faculty of Health Sciences College of Social Workers Cotonou Benin Occupational Health Training and Research Unit Faculty of Medicine Parakou Benin

Introduction: One form of child labor is early learning, which is a less worrying phenomenon in our communities in Benin. The objective of this study was to assess the practice of early learning for children in rural areas. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study combined with a qualitative component conducted in the Kissamey district of Benin with four targets: child apprentices (52), master craftsmen (41), parents and guardians (34), local authorities (9). The collection tools were a questionnaire and an interview guide. Results: The frequency of early learning among children was 32.07% with difficult socioeconomic conditions: polygamy (75%), strong siblings (79%), out of school (33%), unmet food needs (96%). The reasons for early learning according to parents were: refusal of the child to go to school (44%), financial difficulties (31%), school failure (22%), but 38% of these children did not know the reason for their learning. The actors had little knowledge of the regulatory texts. Conclusion: Early learning remains a societal problem related to out-of-school and difficult socioeconomic conditions.

关键词： Work Trades Children Early Learning

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迷情地中海

中国烹饪 2009年第9期 108-109页

作者： christelle Helf（制作）石朝虹（摄影）

北京Alfa一度以东南亚菜式的传教士菜闻名，但近来一改温婉柔情的东南亚风情，转换成热情迷人的地中海风格，由出身餐饮世家的法国女大厨调制出具有法式浪漫情怀的地中海美食。

关键词：地中海浪漫情怀东南亚传教士

Dynamics of Land Use in the Basin of Ancient Lagoons (Toho, Todougba, Ahouangan, Dati, Djonou) in South Benin from 1990 to 2020 and Their Current Vulnerability to Pollution

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第11期9卷 28-45页

作者： Mardochée Ephraïm Achoh Hyppolite Agadjihouédé Luc Gangbè Romaric Aïzonou christelle Claudia Akotossodé Simon Ahouanssou Montcho Antoine Chikou Unit of Aquaculture Research and Fisheries Management Laboratory of Fisheries and Animal Sciences National University of Agriculture Ketou Benin National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin Cotonou Benin Department of Environment and Renewable resources University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Aquaculture (LHA) Faculty of Agronomic Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

The management of living resources and space requires continuous assessments in order to adjust deviations as necessary for sustainable use. It is in this context that the present study was conducted and aims on the one hand to assess the dynamics of land use in the basin of the five-finger lagoons and on the other hand to assess the degree of their vulnerability to organic pollution. Thus, the satellite images were collected in free access on the site http://***/ of the USGS (US Geological Survey) of NASA. Image correction was performed with ENVI 5.1 software and classification was performed with ArcGIS 10.8 software. The degree of vulnerability was evaluated through the weighting of different parameters (slope, land use, type of pass, runoff, and density of the hydrobiological network) by the multi-criteria method of Saaty (Analytic Hierarchy Process Methods) and the application of mapping. It is found that for the dynamics of land use, forests, savannahs and plantations have experienced a significant reduction in their area (respectively 98.9%, 99.60% and 77.10%) between 1990 and 2020. As for settlements, water bodies and swamps, they have increased in area to different proportions. The soils are more denuded (Tc = 1264%). This makes the living space vulnerable and therefore facilitates the transfer of pollutants to the aquatic environment. The evaluation of the degree of vulnerability to pollution of the lagoons of the basin showed that the Toho-and Todougba lagoons are under a very high degree of vulnerability (73% - 100%) and do not augur well for the living resources. The other lagoons, notably the Dathi and Djonou lagoons, are also under stress from the pressures of surrounding activities. It is therefore important to assess the level of pollution of the Toho and Todougba lagoons through pollution indices in order to make decisions that will allow their sustainable use, especially for aquaculture.

关键词： Land Use Vulnerability Lagoons Pollution Anthropogenic Activity

Olecranon Fractures in Children: About 21 Cases Treated at the Owendo University Hospital Center at Libreville (Gabon)

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第3期12卷 113-121页

作者： Cyprien Mba Mba Natacha Boumas christelle Mezene Mendome Scarlette Mengue Mba Meyo Magdalie Nancy Mamfoumbi Arthur Matsanga Francois Ondo N’dong Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Owendo Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department Libreville Gabon Pediatric Surgery Department of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère Enfant Fondation Jeanne Ebori Libreville Gabon Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’Owendo Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department Libreville Gabon Department of Surgery University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Background: The olecranon fractures in children are relatively rare articular fractures. The aim of this work is to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic particularities of this fracture in children at Owendo University Teaching Hospital. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analytical, monocentric study over 2 years from January 1, 2018 to January 1, 2020 at the Owendo University Hospital in Libreville and relating to the medical files of patients treated for a fracture of the olecranon in children in the service and regularly followed in outpatient consultation. Results: We collected 21 patients with an average age of 8.7 years. Falls dominated the etiologies. The Bracq classification was the one used in our series with the predominance of type D. The treatment was orthopedic in 33.3% of cases and surgical in 66.7% of cases. With an average follow-up of 12 months, the results were good in 71.5%, average in 19.0% and poor in 9.5%. Conclusion: The analysis of our results compared to those of the authors of the literature according to the precise parameters seems satisfactory.

关键词： Fracture Olecranon Child Prognosis Libreville

Study of Vision Problems in Schools in Libreville and Owendo, Gabon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期4卷 300-306页

作者： Simon Ategbo Jean Koko Edgar Brice Ngoungou Eliane Kuissi christelle Moyou Tchapbou Steeve Minto’o Emmanuel Mve Mengome André Moussavou Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medecine Health Sciences University Libreville Gabon Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medecine Health Sciences University Libreville Gabon Ophtalmology Department Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Instruction Hospital Libreville Gabon

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of vision problems and their repercussions in the schooling of children in Libreville and Owendo. Methodology: This transversal and descriptive study was carried out in May and June 2011. Included in the study were children in the 7th and 8th grades of the primary schools in Libreville and Owendo. For each child, an eye exam, including the subjective measure of visual acuity, was carried out using the Monoyer scale, and the color vision assessment was carried out with the Ishihara test. Any visual capacity under or equal to 7/10th in at least one eye was considered to be pathological. We gathered information about demographic characteristics, any preceding vision issues on the record, data on other medical problems on the record and the eye examination on computer cards. Results: Nine hundred and sixty-three children (416 boys and 517 girls, with a gender ratio of 0.86) were examined. The average age was 12 ± 1.7 years old. The prevalence of the drop in visual acuity was 16.2%. The prevalence of color vision anomalies was 15.5%. Complaints concerning vision problems were significantly more present from children with a drop in visual acuity (p 0.01). Visual anomalies had an impact on the children’s schoolwork, and yet, visits to the ophthalmologist’s office were few. Conclusion: The frequency of anomalies in vision justifies systematic screening in schools and organization of an appropriate treatment.

关键词： Visual Acuity Children Schools Color Vision

Breast Cancer in a Supernumerary Breast at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital: About a Case

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2024年第3期13卷 43-48页

作者： Michel Auguste Mouelle Sarah Gaëlle Adiang Esther Meka Isidore Tompeen christelle Djapa Claude Hector Mbia Yann Eng Julius Sama Dohbit Zacharie Sando Oncology Department of the Yaound Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of Yaound University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Yaound Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital Yaound Cameroon Radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Yaound Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital Yaound Cameroon Pathology Department of the Yaound Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital Yaound Cameroon

Accessory or ectopic breast tissue is an anomaly in the development of the breast. It is a rare condition that occurs along the embryological mammary line. In less than 1% of all breast cancers, supernumerary breast cancer is reported, with the axillary location being the most common in 60% to 90% of cases. Cancerous degeneration of this supernumerary breast tissue can pose a dual diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We report the case of locally advanced adenocarcinoma in a right supernumerary breast. This is a 75-year-old, grand-multiparous, postmenopausal, and known hypertensive patient on treatment. Family history was remarkable for brain cancer in her sister and oesophageal cancer in her mother. She consulted for a mass in the right axillary cavity on supernumerary breast evolving for a year. Clinical examination revealed a large, fixed, budding and haemorrhagic-ulcerated mass of the right axilla, with long axis measuring about 15 cm. There was as wella supernumerary breast on the left, but without particularity. A soft tissue ultrasound showed a large hypoechoicmass in the right axillary region of 116 mm with areas of central necrobiosis. Morphologically, the breasts were normal. A breast MRI revealed a subcutaneous mass in the right axillary cavity with skin ulceration and satellite lymphadenopathy. The extension assessment revealed liver metastases, and a biopsy of the mass revealed a breast adenocarcinoma. The case was the subject of a multidisciplinary consultation meeting following which a wide excision of the mass was indicated. The histo-pathology analysis results of the surgical specimen were in favour of a triple negative papillary adenocarcinoma. After a post-operative multidisciplinary consultation meeting, adjuvant chemotherapy was indicated. The development of supernumerary breasts depends on hormones, just like normal breasts. Breast cancer in accessory breast tissue is quite rare with the incidence being 6%. The most common pathology is invasive

关键词： Adjuvant Chemotherapy Papillary Adenocarcinoma Surgery Supernumerary Breast Treatment of Supernumerary Breast Cancer

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Introducing New Peptide Extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Achatina achatina Fluids with Strong Inhibitory Activities on Human α-Amylase

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第11期10卷 226-239页

作者： Ehuie Micaël Bédikou Fafadzi Charlotte Ehon Chadon christelle Assémian Djary Michel Koffi Bomo Mondesire Kadjo Allah Antoine Assamoi Sebastien Niamké Department of Food Biotechnology Laboratory of Biotechnology Agriculture and Biological Resources Valorization Training and Research Unit in Biosciences University Félix Houphou&euml t-Boigny Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

This study aimed at exploring for new natural peptides with strong inhibitory capabilities on α-amylase, the main metabolic enzyme that regulates mellitus diabetes, in order to contribute in controlling this global pandemic. It has consisted in heat shock (to 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C for 10, 20 and 30 minutes) of crude proteins extracted from biomass and extracellular parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under cultivation, and from the digestive fluid of the giant snail Achatina achatina, and in-vitro assays of the resulting solutions, as effectors, in human α-amylase catalyzing reactions. The results showed that whatever the temperature and time of treatment, an increase (from 2.65 to 3.98-fold) in proteins concentration was noticed. When blended up to 75 microliters in reaction mixtures, the three peptide extracts showed beyond 11% of inhibition of initial α-amylase activity. By reducing samples volume, only 5 microliters of the studied peptide extracts representing 4.70 μg of S. cerevisiae biomass peptides, 0.55 μg of S. cerevisiae extracellular peptides or 1.05 μg of peptides from the digestive fluid A. achatina were quite sufficient to induce complete (100%) inhibition of the human α-amylase activity. Compared to the inhibitory effect obtained from 2.50 μg of acarbose, a renowned antidiabetic, the studied peptide effectors showed more pronounced inhibitory activities. So, we can positively state that S. cerevisiae as well as A. achatina are both capable of synthesizing proteins made up of small inhibitory peptides which deserve purification and structural analysis for potential exploitation as healthy antidiabetic drugs.

关键词： α-Amylase Inhibitors Healthy Antidiabetics Peptide Drugs Saccharomyces cerevisiae Achatina achatina

Geographical Distribution of Arboviruses, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Vectors and Their Resistance to Insecticides in Africa: A Systematic Review

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第4期12卷 249-274页

作者： Shoukrat Ohuwa Toyin Bello Abdou Azaque Zoure Abdoul Karim Ouattara Dogfounianalo Somda christelle Nadembega Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Moussa Namountougou Abdoulaye Diabate Jacques Simpore Biomolecular Research Center Pietro Annigoni (CERBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso African Center of Excellence in Biotechnological Innovations for the Elimination of Vector-Borne Diseases (CEA/ITECH-MTV) Nazi BONI University Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Health Science Research Institute (IRSS/CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Molecular Biology and Molecular Genetics Laboratory (LABIOGENE) UFR/SVT Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Manga University Centre Norbert Zongo University Koudougou Burkina Faso Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Health Science Research Institute (IRSS/CNRST) Centre Muraz Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background & Objectives: Epidemics of arboviruses such as Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika have been recorded in recent years indicating that Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are both important and very active vectors in Africa. For vector control, insecticides are on the front line, unfortunately, reported resistance jeopardizes the effectiveness of this strategy. The objective of this review was to determine the geographical distribution and insecticide resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti and Ae. Albopictus in Africa. Methods: A systematic review of the literature in scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Hinari) allowed us to identify relevant articles on the geographical distribution of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and arboviral diseases. On the other hand, studies related to insecticides used in vector control against Aedes, associated resistances and their molecular and metabolic mechanisms. Results: A total of 94 studies met the inclusion criteria for this search. Aedes aegypti is reported in most of Africa, and Aedes albopictus in part. There is a re-emergence and outbreak of Arbovirus epidemics in West and Central Africa. The insecticides used were organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids. In Aedes, target site insensitivity and metabolic resistance would be the 2 main mechanisms of resistance to these insecticides. Interpretation & Conclusion: Resistance has been recorded in all four major classes of insecticides recommended by WHO for vector control and eradication. New vector control methods such as the use of plant extracts with larvicidal and adulticidal activities, advanced modern biotechnology techniques, and nanobiotechnology need to be developed.

关键词： Aedes Arbovirus Insecticide Resistance Molecular and Metabolic Mechanisms Africa

Detection of aac(3)IIc, aac(6)Ib, armA Genes Coding for Escherichia coli Resistance to Aminoglycosides in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 574-585页

作者： Pamane Djagbare christelle Nadembega Tani Sagna Abdoul Karim Ouattara Emmanuel Sampo Théodora Zohoncon Moussa Ouedraogo Marius Belemgnegre Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Jacques Simpore Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics LaBioGene Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institute for Research in Health Sciences/National Center for Scientific and Technological Research IRSS-CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomedical Laboratory of the Schiphra Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Biomedical Laboratory of Saint Camille Hospital HOSCO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso School of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Cape Coast University Post Office Cape Coast Ghana

Background and Prupose: Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern. In addition to the existing data on the prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, there are patchy data on bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides in Burkina Faso. In this study, we determined the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. coli, including aac(3)-IIc, aac(6)-Ib and armA in Ouagadougou, and determined which antibiotics in this class are most affected by resistance. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 216 E. coli strains collected from the biomedical analysis laboratories of Saint Camille and Schiphra hospitals. E. coli strains were isolated from pus and urine samples collected between September 2018 and January 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides. Aminoglycoside resistance genes were detected in strains with at least one aminoglycoside resistance gene using conventional/multiplex PCR. Results: Aminoglycoside resistance was observed in 46.8% (101/216) of strains. The resistance rates were respectively 45.37% for Tobramycin, 32.40% for Gentamicin, 14.81% for Kanamycin, 2.31% for Netilmicin, 1.84% for Neomycin, and 0.46% for Amikacin. PCR showed that 86 strains (85.15%) possessed the aac(3)-IIc gene, 71 strains or 70.30%) possessed the aac(6’)-Ib gene, and nine strains (8.91%) possessed the armA gene. Conclusion: Aminoglycoside resistance in pathogenic E. coli strains is mainly due to the presence of the aac(3’)-IIc and aac(6’)-Ib genes. The presence of armA was first reported in Burkina Faso. Netilmicin, Neomycin and Amikacin are good therapeutic options for treating urinary tract and pus-forming infections.

关键词： E. coli Aminoglycoside Resistance acc(3’)-IIc aac(6’)-Ib armA Burkina Faso