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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： chris m DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART murray D mACKAY Philip mARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and Earth Sciences Mc Master University Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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mINErosion 4:Using measurements from a tilting flume-rainfall simulator facility to predict erosion rates from post-mining catchments/landscapes in Central Queensland,Australia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第3期11卷 415-428页

作者： Ashraf mKhalifa Hwat Bing So Hossein Ghadiri chris Carroll Peter Burger Bofu Yu School of Engineering and Built Environment Australian Rivers InstituteGrifith UniversityNathan4111QueenslandAustralia School of Environment and Science Australian Rivers InstituteGrifith UniversityNathan411QueenslandAustralia Department of Natural Resources Mines and EnergyRockhamptonQueenslandAustralia

The use of draglines to remove overburden in Queensland opencut mines,results in landscapes that consist of long parallel tertiary overburden spoil-piles that are generally highly saline,dispersive,and highly *** height of these spoil-piles may exceed 50-60 m above the original landscapes and the slopes are at the angle of repose of around 75%or 37°.Legislation and public opinion require that these highly disturbed open-cut post-mining landscapes should be satisfactorily rehabilitated into an approved post-mining land use with acceptable erosion ***,these slopes must be reduced before the landscape can be *** most expensive component of the rehabilitation process is the re-shaping and preparation of the overburden to create a suitable landscape for vegetation *** soils and overburden varies greatly in their erodibilities,the extent and cost of earthworks can be minimized,and rehabilitation failures avoided,if soil erosion from designed landscapes can be predicted using laboratory-based parameters prior to construction of these *** paper describes the development of a model for that purpose.A catchment or landscape erosion model mINErosion 4 was developed by upscaling the existing hillslope model mINErosion 3(So,et al.,2018)and integrate it with both ESRI ArcGIS 10.3 or QGIS 3.16(freeware),to predict event based and mean annual erosion rate from a postmining catchment or *** 3 is a model that can be used to predict event and annual erosion rates from field scale hillslopes using laboratory measured erodibility parameters or routinely measured soil physical and chemical properties,and to derive suitable landscape design parameters(slope gradient,slope length and vegetation cover)that will result in acceptable erosion *** it cannot be used to predict the sediment delivery from catchments or *** 4 was validated against data collected on three instrumented catchments(up to 0.91

关键词： Soil erosion mINErosion 4 model Erosion from catchments Post-mining rehabilitation Queensland

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Prognostic model of survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer patients initiated on afatinib: pooled analysis of clinical trial data

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2019年第2期16卷 341-349页

作者： as.ley m. Hopkins Adel Shahnam Sasha Zhang chris S. Karapetis Andrew Rowland michael J. Sorich Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer Department of Clinical Pharmacology College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University Adelaide 5042 Australia The Canberra Hospital Garran 2605 Australia

Objective: Several predictors of survival have been identified in EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients treated with first generation EGFR inhibitors. Prognostic models of survival outcomes with afatinib have not been ***: A prognostic tool for overall survival(OS)/progression free survival(PFS) based on pre-treatment clinicopathological factors was developed for EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with first-line afatinib using penalised regression of individual-participant data from LUX-Lung 3 and 6(n = 468). Favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were identified and externally validated using LUX-Lung 1(n = 390) and LUX-Lung 2(n = 129) trials that initiated afatinib following previous chemotherapy or EGFR inhibitor ***: Discriminative performance was good in the development and validation cohorts. For patients treated with first-line afatinib, the median OS for the favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups were > 47.7, 29.3 and 16.4 months, respectively, and the median PFS were 17.3, 13.2 and 8.3 months, respectively. The improvement in median OS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was > 12.4 months for the favourable risk group, whereas no OS benefit was apparent for the poor risk group. The improvement in median PFS with afatinib use compared to chemotherapy was 10.2 months for the favourable risk group and 3.2 months for the poor risk ***: A prognostic tool was developed and validated to identify favourable, intermediate and poor risk groups for OS/PFS in EGFR-positive advanced NSCLC patients treated with afatinib. The prognostic groups can inform the likely absolute OS/PFS benefit expected from afatinib compared to chemotherapy in first-line treatment.

关键词： Afatinib non-small cell lung cancer prognostic model

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Arterial Stiffness as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Prostate Cancer Survivors:A Case-Control Study

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第2期3卷 171-178页

作者： Lynnette m.Jones Rebekah Wilson Lee Stoner J.chris Baldi School of Physical Education Sportand Exercise SciencesUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56DunedinNew Zealand Department of Sport and Exercise Science University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599-8700USA Department of medicine University of OtagoPO Box 56DunedinNew Zealand

Purpose In New Zealand,prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the third most common cause of male cancer *** these patients,the most common non-cancer related cause of death is cardiovascular disease (CVD).Aortic arterial stiffness may be clinically viable solution for detecting and tracking CVD risk factor in PCa *** aim of the study was to determine whether aortic arterial stiffness is increased in PCa survivors compared to age-matched *** Participants recruited for this prospective comparative study were PCa survivors who had completed treatment(other than endocrine therapy) or were on active surveillance compared,or were age-matched non-cancer *** a single 1-h appointment,all participants had measures of aortic arterial stiffness,arterial wave reflection,central blood pressure and body composition *** Ninety-eight men were recruited,51 PCa survivors and 47 *** was no significant between group dif-ference for aortic arterial stiffness[12.0 m/s (SD:1.7) vs.12.0 m/s (SD:1.9),P=0.953,d=0.0].Fat free mass[60.7 kg(SD:4.9) vs.65.1 kg (SD:8.3),P=0.007,d=0.6]and skeletal muscle index[8.6 kg/m2 (SD:0.6) vs.9.0 kg/m2 (SD:0.9),P=0.050,d=0.5]were lower in the PCa *** Aortic arterial stiffness is not increased (worse) in men with PCa who receive various treatments,compared to age-matched *** findings may indicate that factors other than increased aortic arterial stiffness contribute to heightened risk of cardiovascular events in this population.

关键词： Prostate cancer Cardiovascular disease Risk Arterial stiffness

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Gibberellic acid induced parthenocarpic‘Honeycrisp’apples(malus domestica)exhibit reduced ovary width and lower acidity

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1129-1141页

作者： Kelsey D.Galimba Daniel G.Bullock chris Dardick Zhongchi Liu Ann m.Callahan Appalachian Fruit Research Station Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of Agriculture2217 Wiltshire RoadKearneysvilleWV 25430USA Department of Cell Biology and molecular Genetics College of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Fruit set and development are dependent on auxin,gibberellin,and cytokinin,which cause parthenocarpic development in many species when applied *** sprays containing these hormones are used to improve apple fruit set,size,and shape,but have been implicated negatively in other aspects of fruit *** applied gibberellic acid(GA_(3)),synthetic auxin(NAA),and the auxin-transport inhibitor NPA to‘Honeycrisp’apple *** retention and size were quantified throughout development,and seed number and fruit quality parameters were measured at ***_(3)alone caused the development of seedless parthenocarpic *** maturity,GA_(3)-treated apples were narrower due to reduced ovary width,indicating that GA_(3)induced normal growth of the hypanthium,but not the ***_(3)-treated fruits were also less acidic than hand-pollinated controls,but had similar firmness,starch,and sugar *** further understand the regulation of parthenocarpy,we performed tissue-specific transcriptome analysis on GA_(3)-treated,NAA-treated,and control fruits,at 18 days after treatment and again at ***,transcriptome analysis showed GA_(3)-treated and hand-pollinated fruits were highly similar in RNA expression *** expression differences in putative cell division,cytokinin degradation,and cell wall modification genes in GA_(3)-treated ovaries correlated with the observed shape differences,while early expression differences in the acidity gene ma1 may be responsible for the changes in *** together,our results indicate that GA_(3)triggers the development of parthenocarpic apple fruit with morphological deviations that correlate with a number of candidate gene expression differences.

关键词： maturity width acidity

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Bayesian geological and geophysical data fusion for the construction and uncertainty quantification of 3D geological models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 479-493页

作者： Hugo K.H.Olierook Richard Scalzo David Kohn Rohitash Chandra Ehsan Farahbakhsh chris Clark Steven m.Reddy R.Dietmar müller School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA6845Australia Centre for Translational Data Science University of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia Sydney Informatics Hub University of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSW2006SydneyAustralia Timescales of mineral Systems and John de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA6845Australia School of mathematics and Statistics University of New South WalesSydneyNSW2052Australia Department of mining Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran

Traditional approaches to develop 3D geological models employ a mix of quantitative and qualitative scientific techniques,which do not fully provide quantification of uncertainty in the constructed models and fail to optimally weight geological field observations against constraints from geophysical ***,using the Bayesian Obsidian software package,we develop a methodology to fuse lithostratigraphic field observations with aeromagnetic and gravity data to build a 3D model in a small(13.5 km×13.5 km)region of the Gascoyne Province,Western *** approach is validated by comparing 3D model results to independently-constrained geological maps and cross-sections produced by the Geological Survey of Western *** fusing geological field data with aeromagnetic and gravity surveys,we show that 89%of the modelled region has>95%certainty for a particular geological unit for the given model and *** boundaries between geological units are characterized by narrow regions withm wide at the Earth's surface and 500-2000 m wide at ***~4 km depth,the model requires geophysical survey data with longer wavelengths(e.g.,active seismic)to constrain the deeper *** Obsidian was originally built for sedimentary basin problems,there is reasonable applicability to deformed terranes such as the Gascoyne ***,modification of the Bayesian engine to incorporate structural data will aid in developing more robust 3D ***,our results show that surface geological observations fused with geophysical survey data can yield reasonable 3D geological models with narrow uncertainty regions at the surface and shallow subsurface,which will be especially valuable for mineral exploration and the development of 3D geological models under cover.

关键词： Capricorn orogen machine learning Bayesian inference markov chain monte Carlo Solid earth mineral exploration

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SIZE mATTERS:PITCH DImENSIONS CONSTRAIN INTERACTIVE TEAm BEHAVIOUR IN SOCCER

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2013年第1期26卷 85-93页

作者： FRENCKEN Wouter VAN DER PLAATS Jorrit VISSCHER chris LEmmINK Koen University medical Center Groningen University of GroningenCenter for Human Movement Sciences Hanze University of Applied Sciences School of Sports Studies Football Club Groningen

Pitch size varies in official soccer matches and differently sized pitches are adopted for tactical purposes in small-sided training games. Since interactive team behaviour emerges under constraints, the authors evaluate the effect of pitch size （task） manipulations on interactive team behaviour in small-sided soccer games. Four 4-a-side （plus goalkeepers） small-sided games were played： a reference game （30×20 m）, length manipulation （24×20 m）, width manipulation （30×16 m）, and a combina- tion （2× 16 m）. Using position data （100Hz）, three measures quantifying the teams＇ interaction were calculated： longitudinal inter-team distance, laterm inter-team distance, and surface area difference. means and standard deviations, correlations and coupling values were calculated. Running correlations were calculated over a 3-s window to evaluate interaction patterns. As expected, a shorter pitch results in smaller longitudinal inter-team distance, lateral inter-team distance decreased for narrow pitches, and smaller total playing area resulted in decreased surface area. Unanticipated, a crossover effect was present; length and width manipulations also triggered changes in lateral and longitudinal direction respectively. Inter-team distances and surface area difference differed significantly across conditions. Interaction patterns differed across conditions for all measures. So, highly tactically relevant, soccer teams seem to adapt their interactive behaviour according to pitch size in small-sided gaines.

关键词： Constraints dynamics performance analysis small-sided games tactics.

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Plastins regulate ectoplasmic specialization via its actin bundling activity on microfilaments in the rat testis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 716-722页

作者： Nan Li chris KC Wong C Yan Cheng The mary m. Wohlford Laboratory for male Contraceptive Research Center for Biomedical Research Population Council 1230 York Avenue New York 10065 USA Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong China

Plastins are a family of actin binding proteins （ABPs） known to cross-link actin microfilaments in mammalian cells, creating actin microfilament bundles necessary to confer cell polarity and cell shape. Plastins also support cell movement in response to changes in environment, involved in cell/tissue growth and development. They also confer plasticity to cells and tissues in response to infection or other pathological conditions （e.g., inflammation）. In the testis, the cell-cell anchoring junction unique to the testis that is found at the Sertoli cell-cell interface at the blood-testis barrier （BTB） and at the Sertoli-spermatid （e.g., 8-19 spermatids in the rat testis） is the basal and the apical ectoplasmic specialization （ES）, respectively. The ES is an F-actin-rich anchoring junction constituted most notably by actin microfilament bundles. A recent report using RNAi that specifically knocks down plastin 3 has yielded some insightful information regarding the mechanism by which plastin 3 regulates the status of actin microfilament bundles at the ES via its intrinsic actin filament bundling activity. Herein, we provide a brief review on the role of plastins in the testis in light of this report, which together with recent findings in the field, we propose a likely model by which plastins regulate ES function during the epithelial cycle of sDermatogenesis via their intrinsic activity on actin microfilament organization in the rat testis.

关键词： actin binding proteins actin bundling proteins cytoskeleton F-actin fimbrins plastins seminiferous epithelial cycle spermatogenesis testis

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Reappraising the P-T evolution of the Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector,southwestern Norway

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： Eleanore Blereau Tim E.Johnson chris Clark Richard J.m.Taylor Peter D.Kinny martin Hand Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

The Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector of southwestern Norway comprises high-grade metamorphic rocks intruded by voluminous plutonic bodies that include the ~1000 km^2 Rogaland Igneous Complex（RIC）.New petrographic observations and thermodynamic phase equilibria modelling of three metapelitic samples collected at various distances（30 km,10 km and ~ 10 m） from one of the main bodies of RIC anorthosite were undertaken to assess two alternative P-T-t models for the metamorphic evolution of the *** results are consistent with a revised two-phase *** metamorphism followed a clockwise P-T path reaching peak conditions of ~ 850-950 ℃ and ~7-8 kbar at ~1035 ma followed by high-temperature decompression to ~5 kbar at ~950 ma,and resulted in extensive anatexis and melt loss to produce highly residual *** emplacement of the RIC at ~930 ma caused regional-scale contact metamorphism that affected country rocks 10 km or more from their contact with the *** thermal overprint is expressed in the sample proximal to the anorthosite by replacement of sillimanite by coarse intergrowths of cordierite plus spinel and growth of a second generation of garnet,and in the intermediate（10 km） sample by replacement of sapphirine by coarse intergrowths of cordierite,spinel and *** formation of late biotite in the intermediate sample may suggest the rocks retained small quantities of melt produced by regional metamorphism and remained at temperatures above the solidus for up to 100 *** results are more consistent with an accretionary rather than a collisional model for the Sveconorwegian Orogen.

关键词： UHTPhase equilibria modellingRogaland Igneous ComplexTHERmOCALCSveconorwegian Orogen

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Old macDonald Has a New Animal on the Farm—Insects

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Engineering 2024年第11期42卷 6-8页

作者： chris Palmer 不详

An arms race underway in France vies to build the world’s lar-gest insect farm,as several companies seek to capitalize on what has been estimated by one market analysis firm to become a 3.3 billion USD industry by 2027[1].Opened in December 2023,the current champion is a 45000 m^(2) farm outside Amiens,built by Paris-based firmŸnsect to annually produce more than 100000 t of mealworms,larvae of the beetle Tenebrio molitor[2].The Amiens farm dethroned a 35000 m^(2)facility capable of annually producing 15000 t of protein from larvae of the black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens)that InnovaFeed,Ÿnsect’s rival Parisian biotechnology company,opened in April 2023 in Nesle,France(Fig.1)[3].How-ever,a planned expansion of the Nesle farm will enlarge its foot-print to 55000 m^(2) and increase its annual production to 75000 t in late 2024,vaulting it back to the top[3].InnovaFeed also has plans to open a 100000 m^(2)farm in Decatur,IL,USA,in 2026[4].Although humans have been eating insects for millennia,and billions of people still do today,the growing insect farming indus-try is not,for the most part,serving up insects for human con-sumption.

关键词： annually companies outside

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