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Quantifying single plasmonic nanostructure far-fields with interferometric and polarimetric k-space microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 455-466页

作者： ruslan röhrich chris Hoekmeijer Clara i.Osorio A.Femius Koenderink Center for Nanophotonics AMOLFScience Park 1041098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands ArCNL Science Park 1041098 XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Optically resonant nanoantennae are key building blocks for metasurfaces,nanosensors,and nanophotonic light sources due to their ability to control the amplitude,phase,directivity,and polarization of scattered ***,we report an experimental technique for the full recovery of all degrees of freedom encoded in the far-field radiated by a single nanostructure using a high-NA Fourier microscope equipped with digital off-axis *** method enables full decomposition of antenna-physics in its multipole contributions and gives full access to the orbital and spin angular momentum properties of light scattered by single *** results demonstrate these capabilities through a quantitative assessment of the purity of the“selection rules”for orbital angular momentum transfer by plasmonic spiral nanostructures.

关键词： scattered orbital momentum

investigating the physics of disruptions with real-time tomography at JET

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第3期24卷 80-88页

作者： Diogo r FErrEirA Pedro J CArVALHO ivo S CArVALHO chris i STUArT Peter J LOMAS JET Contributors 无 instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear(iPFN) Instituto Superior Técnico(IST)Universidade de LisboaAv.Rovisco Pais 11049-001 LisboaPortugal Culham Centre for Fusion Energy(CCFE) UK Atomic Energy Authority(UKAEA)Culham Science CentreAbingdonOX143DB OxfordshireUnited Kingdom See the author list of E.Joffrin et al 2019 Nucl Fusion 59112021 EUrOfusion Consortium JETCulham Science CentreAbingdonOX143DBUK

As JET is developing and testing operational scenarios for higher fusion performance,an increase in pulse disruptivity is being *** a deeper analysis,we find that several radiative phenomena play an active role in determining the outcome of the *** analysis is enabled by the use of real-time tomography based on the bolometer *** though plasma tomography is an inverse problem,we use machine learning to train a forward model that provides the radiation profile directly,based on a single matrix multiplication *** model is used to investigate radiative phenomena including sawtooth crashes,ELMs and MArFE,and their relationship to the radiated power in different regions of *** particular,we use realtime tomography to monitor the core region,and to throw an alarm whenever core radiation exceeds a certain *** results suggest that this measure alone can anticipate a significant fraction of disruptions in the JET baseline scenario.

关键词： plasma tomography machine learning plasma disruptions

Single and multi domain buckled germanene phases on Al(111)surface

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Nano research 2019年第12期12卷 2988-2996页

作者： Dmitriy A.Muzychenko Sergey i.Oreshkin Vladimir i.Panov chris Van Haesendonck Andrey i.Oreshkin Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University119991 MoscowRussia Sternberg Astronomical institute Lomonosov Moscow State University119234 MoscowRussia Solid-State Physics and Magnetism Section KU LeuvenBE-3001 LeuvenBelgium

The simultaneous formati on of single domain(3×3)and multi domai n(√7×√7)r(±19.1°)germa nene phases on Al(111)surface in thesub-monolayer range was studied using seanning tunneling microscopy(STM)and density functional theory(DFT)based *** results revealed that both germa nene phases nu cleate and grow in dependently from each other and regardless of Al substratetemperature within significantly expanded range Ts=27-200℃.Our results unambiguously showed that STM images with hexagonalcontrast yield correct-resolved structure for both germanene phases,while honeycomb contrast is a result of an artificial tip-induced STM ***-principles calculations suggested atomic models with strongly buckled germanene(2×2)/Al(111)(3×3)and(√3×√3)r30°/Al(111)(√7×√7)r(±19.1°)with one of eight and one of six Ge atoms protruding upward respectively,that consistently describe the experimentally observed STM images both for single and multi domai n surface *** to the DFT based simulati ons both germa nene(2×2)and(√3×√3)r30°superstructures have a stretched lattice strain with respect to the ideal free-standing germa nene by 6.2%and 13.9%,***,numerous small domains separated by domain boundaries in the(√3×√3)r30°/Al(111)(√7×√7)r(±19.1°)germanenephase tend to reduce the surface energy and prevent the formation of extended single domains,in contrast to the(2×2)/Al(111)(3×3)***,our experimental results showed that the nucleation and growth of germa nene on Al(111)surface yield strong modifications of Alsurface even at room temperature(rT),which may be contributed to the formation of Al-Ge alloy due to Ge surface solid-states reactivitythat was ignored in recent *** is already evident from our present findings that the role of Al atoms in the formation of(3×3)and(√7×√7)r(±19.1°)germa nene phases is worthy to be carefully studied in the future,which could be an important knowledge for large-quantityfabrication of germane

关键词： germanene two-dimensional(2D)materials scanning tunneling microscopy density functional theory aluminum

The Nature of “Natural Disasters”: Survivors’ Explanations of Earthquake Damage

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international Journal of Disaster risk Science 2019年第3期10卷 293-305页

作者： Alessandro Massazza chris r.Brewin Helene Joffe Department of Clinical Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College London

The distinction between natural and human-made disasters is ingrained in everyday language. Disaster scientists have long been critical of this dichotomy. Nonetheless,virtually no attention has been paid to how disaster survivors conceptualize the causes of the disasters they experience. in this mixed-methods longitudinal study, 112 survivors of the2016–2017 Central italy earthquakes completed questionnaires 3 and 16 months following the earthquakes, with the aim of assessing attributions of blame for the earthquake damage. in-depth interviews were also conducted with 52 participants at the 3-month mark to explore representations of causation for the earthquake damage. The distinction between disasters caused by nature and disasters caused by humans was not supported by survivors of the earthquake. in the longitudinal surveys, building firms and the State were assigned as much blame as nature for the earthquake damage, at both 3 months and 16 months after the *** this complexity, in the interviews, the causes of the earthquake damage, rather than being understood as purely natural, were perceived as a complex mosaic composed of political, technological, natural, and moral *** empirical work shows that disaster survivors combine both nature-based and human-based explanations of disasters, rather than subscribing to one or the other. These findings have practical implications for disaster risk reduction and response.

关键词： Amatrice Attributions Disaster causes Disaster survivors Human-made disasters Natural disasters 2016–2017 Central italy earthquakes

Optical clearing of the mouse skull

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第10期11卷 2267-2268页

作者： chris Xu School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

High spatial resolution imaging of the mouse brain through the intact skull is challenging because of the skull-induced aberration and *** research group of Dan Zhu from Huazhong University of Science and Technology has developed a skull-clearing technique that provides a long-term(~weeks),stable,transparent window for high resolution optical imaging over a large field of view.

关键词： scattering. transparent Optical

2D Nanomaterials for Effective Energy Scavenging

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第5期13卷 151-191页

作者： Md Al Mahadi Hasan Yuanhao Wang chris r.Bowen Ya Yang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‑Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China SUSTech Engineering innovation Center School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Center on Nanoenergy research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China

The development of a nation is deeply related to its energy consumption.2D nanomaterials have become a spotlight for energy harvesting applications from the small-scale of low-power electronics to a large-scale for industry-level applications,such as self-powered sensor devices,environmental monitoring,and large-scale power *** from around the world are working to utilize their engrossing properties to overcome the challenges in material selection and fabrication technologies for compact energy scavenging devices to replace batteries and traditional power *** this review,the variety of techniques for scavenging energies from sustainable sources such as solar,air,waste heat,and surrounding mechanical forces are discussed that exploit the fascinating properties of 2D *** addition,practical applications of these fabricated power generating devices and their performance as an alternative to conventional power supplies are discussed with the future pertinence to solve the energy problems in various fields and applications.

关键词： 2D nanomaterials Solar energy Tribo-/piezo-/thermo-/pyro-electricity Osmotic power generation Self-powered sensor

Piezoelectric Materials for Controlling Electro-Chemical Processes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第11期12卷 51-89页

作者： Weiqi Qian Weiyou Yang Yan Zhang chris r.Bowen Ya Yang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‑nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China institute of Materials Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Center on Nanoenergy research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China

Piezoelectric materials have been analyzed for over 100 years,due to their ability to convert mechanical vibrations into electric charge or electric fields into a mechanical strain for sensor,energy harvesting,and actuator applications.A more recent development is the coupling of piezoelectricity and electro-chemistry,termed piezo-electro-chemistry,whereby the piezoelectrically induced electric charge or voltage under a mechanical stress can influence electro-chemical *** is growing interest in such coupled systems,with a corresponding growth in the number of associated publications and *** review focuses on recent development of the piezo-electro-chemical coupling multiple systems based on various piezoelectric *** provides an overview of the basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials and comparison of operating conditions and their overall electro-chemical *** reported piezo-electro-chemical mechanisms are examined in *** are made between the ranges of material morphologies employed,and typical operating conditions are *** addition,potential future directions and applications for the development of piezo-electro-chemical hybrid systems are *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies on how piezoelectric materials and devices have been applied to control electro-chemical processes,with an aim to inspire and direct future efforts in this emerging research field.

关键词： Piezoelectric materials Piezoelectric effect Electro-chemistry Piezo-electro-chemistry

Delayed juvenile behavioral development and prolonged dependence are adaptations to desert life in the grey falcon

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 679-687页

作者： Jonny SCHOENJAHN chris r.PAVEY Gimme H.WALTEr School of Biological Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia CSirO Land and Water DarwinNT 0822Australia

rapid learning in the young of most endothermic animals can be expected to be favored by natural selection because early independence reduces the period of *** of comparatively slow juvenile development continue,therefore,to attract scientific *** most species of birds,including raptors,the young depend on their parents for some time after fledging for the provisioning of food and for protection while they learn to become nutritionally and otherwise *** raptors,post-fledging dependence periods that exceed 6 months are exclusive to the largest species and these have reproductive cycles that exceed 12 *** contrast,young of the medium-sized grey falcon Falco hypoleucos have been reported in close company with their parents up to 12 months after fledging,that is,at a time when the adults are expected to breed *** investigated the occurrence and characteristics of prolonged adult–juvenile association relative to other falcons and similar-sized *** found that the behavioral development of grey falcon young is extremely delayed,and that they even depend nutritionally on their parents for up to 12 months after *** suggest that these 2 distinctive features are,ultimately,adaptations of the grey falcon to its extreme environment,Australia’s arid and semi-arid zone,one of the hottest environments in the world.

关键词： arid environment behavioral adaptation bird of prey post-fledging period

Laboratory and field evaluation of asphalt pavement surface friction resistance

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018年第3期12卷 372-381页

作者： Zhong WU chris ABADiE Louisiana Transportation research Center 4101 Gourrier Avenue Baton Rouge LA 70808 USA Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development 5080 Florida Blvd Baton Rouge LA 70806 USA

Pavement surface friction is a significant factor for driving safety and plays a critical role in reducing wet- pavement crashes. However, the current asphalt mixture design procedure does not directly consider friction as a requirement. The objective of this study was to develop a surface friction prediction model that can be used during a wearing course mixture design. To achieve the objective, an experimental study was conducted on the frictional characteristics of typical wearing course mixtures in Louisiana. Twelve wearing course mixtures including dense-graded and open-graded mixes with different combinations of aggregate sources were evaluated in laboratory using an accelerated polishing and testing procedure considering both micro- and macro texture properties. in addition, the surface frictional properties of asphalt mixtures were measured on twenty-two selected asphalt pavement sections using different in situ devices including Dynamic Friction Tester （DFT）, Circular Texture Meter （CTM）, and Lock-Wheel Skid Trailer （LWST）. The results have led to develop a procedure for predicting pavement end-of-life skid resistance based on the aggregate blend polish stone value, gradation parameters, and traffic, which is suited in checking whether the selected aggregates in a wearing course mix design would meet field friction requirements under a certain design traffic polishing.

关键词： friction skid resistance polishing PSV LWST micro-texture macro-texture