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NASA激光通信系统创传输速度新纪录

Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 9-11页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In April 2023,a satellite orbiting approximately 500 km above Earth’s surface delivered terabytes of data at record-breaking rates of up to 200 Gb·s^(-1)—more than 100 times faster than the fastest internet speeds in most cities—via an optical communication link to a ground-based receiver 95 km north of Los Angeles,CA,USA[1].At more than 1000 times faster than the radiofrequency(RF)links traditionally used for satellite communication,this is the highest data rate ever achieved for a space-to-ground optical transmission[1].

关键词：激光通信系统 communication optical

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浮式海上风电助力可再生能源发展

Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 1-3页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

Nearly 150 km off the coast of Norway,in one of the windiest places on Earth,stands Hywind Tampen,the world’s largest floating wind power *** weighing 8800 t and 190 m tall,with roughly one-third of that height sitting below the waterline,Hywind Tampen’s 11 turbines can generate 94.6 MW(Fig.1)[1].The blades—each 80 m long—travel at a blistering 290 km∙h–1,yet because of their size they complete only about 10 to 15 full rotations per minute.A single rotation provides enough electricity to power an average home for a ***,Hywind Tampen,which became fully operational in August 2023,will not power ***,the installation built by energy company Equinor(Stavanger,Norway)will provide 38%of the annual electricity consumed by five nearby offshore oil platforms in the North Sea[1].

关键词： rotation travel floating

European Union Issues World’s First Comprehensive Regulations for Artificial Intelligence

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 5-7页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In March 2024,European Union(EU)lawmakers passed the world’s first comprehensive set of regulations governing the use of artificial intelligence(AI)[1].The EU’s AI Act,two and a half years in the making,was initially drawn up as a landmark bill to reduce harm in areas in which AI was thought to pose the biggest risks to people,such as in health care,education,and security,as well as banning uses that pose“unacceptable risks,”including manipulation of human behavior and evaluation of individuals’trustworthiness based on personal *** to the regulations,which will go into effect in stages over the next two years,“high-risk”AI systems will require risk-mitigation strategies,high-quality data sets,transparency,better documentation,and human *** most common current AI uses,such as augmenting recommendation engines and email spam filters,will see far less oversight.

关键词： email artificial transparency

Unprecedented Collaboration Plots Largest,Most Detailed Maps of the Brain

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 7-9页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In October 2023,a set of 21 papers published simultaneously in the journals Science,Science Advances,and Science Translational Medicine reported the largest,most-detailed maps to date of the cells making up portions of human and nonhuman primate brains[1,2].Accomplished by multiple large teams of neuroscientists in the United States and Europe,the collaborative effort also included the classification of 3300 different cell types in the human brain.

关键词： Medicine brains simultaneous

Increasing Threat of Scarcity Prompts Rise in Water Recycling

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 6-8页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In January 2018,construction wrapped on Salesforce Tower(Fig.1),a 61-story office building that now dominates the skyline of San Francisco,CA,*** addition to being the tallest building in the city,Salesforce Tower is the largest structure in the world with an onsite water recycling *** by the Australian com-pany Aquacell(Milton,NSW,Australia),the system cleans 113 m^(3)of sewage,sink,shower,and other wastewater each day for use in irrigation and flushing toilets,saving an estimated 35000 m?of water anmually[1].The building is just one of dozens in San Fran-cisco outitted with their own water recycling systems,thanks to a city mandate enacted in 2015[1].

关键词： cycling wastewater recycling

Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： Megan Grinlinton chris Furkert Andrew Maurice Neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of Pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

A remarkable class of elliptic surfaces of amplitude 1 in weighted projective spaces

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Science China Mathematics 2024年

作者： Gregory Pearlstein chris Peters Wim Nijgh Department of Mathematics University of Pisa Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Technical University of Eindhoven Department of Mathematics University of Leiden

Surfaces of amplitude 1 in the ordinary projective space are of the general type, but this need not be the case in weighted projective spaces. Indeed, there are 4 classes of quasi-smooth weighted hypersurfaces in P（1, 2, a, b） of amplitude 1 with an elliptic pencil cut out by hyperplanes. Their moduli spaces are constructed,and the monodromy of their universal families is determined as well as their period maps which turn out to be generally immersive. For those that are not, a mixed Torelli theorem holds. We added an application to certain compactifications of moduli spaces of surfaces of the general type with K2= 1, pg= 2 and q = 0 as a follow up of Gallardo et al.（2022）, as well as detailed SageMath-calculations. The appendix written by Wim Nijgh shows that the general member of the types 1 and 2 elliptic family has a “trivial” Picard lattice, i.e., is spanned by fiber components and a multisection.

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Eco-evolutionary evidence for the global diversity pattern of Cycas(Cycadaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1170-1191页

作者： Jian Liu Anders JLindstrom Yiqing Gong Shanshan Dong Yusheng(chris)Liu Shouzhou Zhang Xun Gong CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Biodiversity Conservancy 144/124 Moo3Soi Bua ThongBangsalaeSattahipChonburi 20250Thailand Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen&Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518004China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indiana University-IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA

The evolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient(LDG),characterized by a peak in diversity toward the tropics,has captured significant attention in evolutionary biology and ***,the inverse LDG(i-LDG)mechanism,wherein species richness increases toward the poles,remains inadequately *** are among one of the oldest lineages of extant seed plants and have undergone extensive diversification in the ***,the extant cycad abundance exhibits an i-LDG pattern,and the underlying causes for this phenomenon remain largely ***,using 1,843 nuclear genes from a nearly complete sampling,we conducted comprehensive phylogenomic analyses to establish a robust species-level phylogeny for Cycas,the largest genus within *** then reconstructed the spatial-temporal dynamics and integrated global environmental data to evaluate the roles of species ages,diversification rates,contemporary environment,and conservatism to ancestral niches in shaping the i-LDG *** found Cycas experienced decreased diversification rates,coupled with the cooling temperature since its origin in the Eocene from continental *** regions have distinctively contributed to the formation of i-LDG for Cycas,with the northern hemisphere acting as evolutionary museums and the southern hemisphere serving as ***,water-related climate variables,specifically precipitation seasonality and potential evapotranspiration,were identified as paramount factors constraining Cycas species richness in the rainforest biome near the ***,the adherence to ancestral monsoonal climates emerges as a critical factor in sustaining the diversity *** study underscores the imperative of integrating both evolutionary and ecological approaches to comprehensively unravel the mechanisms underpinning global biodiversity patterns.

关键词： cycads latitudinal diversity gradient niche conservatism spatiotemporal diversification species richness

Suppressive effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells:A narrative review of the influence of exercise mode,volume,and intensity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 484-498,F0003页

作者： Francesco Bettariga Dennis R.Taaffe Daniel A.Galvao chris Bishop Jin-Soo Kim Robert U.Newton Exercise Medicine Research Institute Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia London Sport Institute School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonNW44BTUK School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this *** has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased *** avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simpliﬁes the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and ***,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical *** date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer ***,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an inﬂuential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training *** for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.

关键词： Cancer cells High intensity interval training Moderate intensity continuous training Resistance training Myokines