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Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force between buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 615-629页

作者： Shaurav ALAM Tanvir MANZUR John MATTHEWS chris BARTLETT Erez ALLOUCHE Brent KEIL John KRAFT Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Engineering Technology Louisiana Tech UniversityRustonLA 71270USA Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhaka 1000Bangladesh Georgia Tech Research Institute AtlantaGA 30332USA Stantec Inc. Edmonton T5J0K4Canada North West Pipe Company VancouverWA 98684USA

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust *** proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s *** showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s *** degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden *** coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating *** on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid *** showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden *** resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

关键词： friction resistance force thrust force coated pressurized steel pipe soil type overburden depth

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美国堪萨斯Nelson-Atkins美术馆

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城市环境设计 2011年第Z2期 220-233页

作者：斯蒂文·霍尔 chris mcvoy 刘胜杰斯蒂文·霍尔建筑事务所中国中建设计集团有限公司

Nelson-Atkins美术馆的扩建与景观相融合旨在创造一座体验型的建筑,它能让所有参观者通过自身在空间、时间的移动感知该建筑的延展。被命名为BlockBuilding的扩建部分与现有的雕塑园联系密切,从而使整座博物馆变成了游客体验专区。扩建... 详细信息

Nelson-Atkins美术馆的扩建与景观相融合旨在创造一座体验型的建筑,它能让所有参观者通过自身在空间、时间的移动感知该建筑的延展。被命名为BlockBuilding的扩建部分与现有的雕塑园联系密切,从而使整座博物馆变成了游客体验专区。扩建部分沿校园东部展开,分别被5片Lens(镜片)区分,从现有建筑横穿雕塑公园以形成新的场所和视角。景观、建筑和艺术三者创新性的融合,通过博物馆策展人与艺术家的密切协作得以实现,目的是实现艺术与建筑之间动态、互助的关系。

关键词：大堂美术馆美术博物馆博物馆斯蒂文·霍尔 Nelson-Atkins 雕塑公园扩建部分双层玻璃现有建筑移动感知建筑物画廊堪萨斯屋顶绿化空中绿化美国美利坚合众国北美洲

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对臭氧层造成破坏的违禁化学物质仍在增加

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 7-9页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

As reported in a study published in April 2023,some of the globally banned chemicals that decimated the Earth’s ozone layer are still finding their way into the atmosphere[1].While unlikely to greatly impact global ozone levels,the continuing pollution has scientists concerned for two reasons:The chemicals,called chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),are potent greenhouse gases,and,perhaps more worrying,the sources of the surprising emissions remain unidentified.

关键词： pollution ozone globally

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NASA激光通信系统创传输速度新纪录

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Engineering 2024年第3期34卷 9-11页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In April 2023,a satellite orbiting approximately 500 km above Earth’s surface delivered terabytes of data at record-breaking rates of up to 200 Gb·s^(-1)—more than 100 times faster than the fastest internet speeds in most cities—via an optical communication link to a ground-based receiver 95 km north of Los Angeles,CA,USA[1].At more than 1000 times faster than the radiofrequency(RF)links traditionally used for satellite communication,this is the highest data rate ever achieved for a space-to-ground optical transmission[1].

关键词：激光通信系统 communication optical

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“泰坦”号潜水器--通向死亡的“海洋之门”

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Engineering 2024年第1期32卷 1-3页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

Early on the morning of June 18,2023,far off the shore of Newfoundland,Canada,the Titan deep-sea submersible began its descent into the depths of the North *** was Titan’s inventor and pilot,Stockton Rush,along with four“mission specialists,”several of whom may have paid as much as 250000 USD to accompany Rush on a voyage to the site of the infamous Titanic shipwreck on the ocean *** two hours later.

关键词：泰坦 depths ocean

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浮式海上风电助力可再生能源发展

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Engineering 2024年第4期35卷 1-3页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

Nearly 150 km off the coast of Norway,in one of the windiest places on Earth,stands Hywind Tampen,the world’s largest floating wind power *** weighing 8800 t and 190 m tall,with roughly one-third of that height sitting below the waterline,Hywind Tampen’s 11 turbines can generate 94.6 MW(Fig.1)[1].The blades—each 80 m long—travel at a blistering 290 km∙h–1,yet because of their size they complete only about 10 to 15 full rotations per minute.A single rotation provides enough electricity to power an average home for a ***,Hywind Tampen,which became fully operational in August 2023,will not power ***,the installation built by energy company Equinor(Stavanger,Norway)will provide 38%of the annual electricity consumed by five nearby offshore oil platforms in the North Sea[1].

关键词： rotation travel floating

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Gastroesophageal signet ring cell carcinoma morbidity and mortality: A retrospective review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1629-1636页

作者： Megan Grinlinton chris Furkert Andrew Maurice Neville Angelo Michael Booth Department of General Surgery North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand Department of Pathology North Shore HospitalAuckland 0620New Zealand

BACKGROUND Upper gastrointestinal(GI)signet ring cell carcinomas(SRCC)confer a poor *** benefit of operative intervention for this patient group is contro-versial in terms of overall *** To investigate factors relating to survival in patients with upper GI *** A retrospective,tertiary,single-centre review of patients who were diagnosed with oesophageal,gastroesophageal junction and gastric SRCC was *** primary outcome was to compare mortality of patients who underwent operative management with those who had nonoperative ***-dary outcomes included assessing the relationship between demographic and histopathological factors,and *** One hundred and thirty-one patients were *** one-year survival for the operative group was 81%and for the nonoperative group was 19.1%.The five-year survival in the operative group was 28.6%vs 1.5%in the nonoperative *** difference in overall survival between groups was statistically significant(HR 0.19,95%CI(0.13-0.30),P<0.001).There was no difference in survival when ad-justing for age,smoking status or *** multivariate analysis,patients who underwent surgical management,those with a lower stage of disease,and those with a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)had significantly improved *** Well-selected patients with upper GI SRCC appear to have reasonable medium-term survival following *** surgery to a carefully selected patient group may improve the outcome for this disease.

关键词： Signet ring cell carcinoma Gastric cancer Oesophageal cancer Poorly cohesive gastric cancer Diffuse gastric cancer

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纳尔逊—阿特金斯美术馆玻璃镜头

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城市环境设计 2013年第6期72卷 162-170页

作者： Steven Holl chris mcvoy Andy Ryan Kansas City Star 斯蒂文·霍尔建筑师事务所

关键词：阿特金斯纳尔逊斯蒂文·霍尔镜头美术馆美术博物馆博物馆

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Eco-evolutionary evidence for the global diversity pattern of Cycas(Cycadaceae)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1170-1191页

作者： Jian Liu Anders JLindstrom Yiqing Gong Shanshan Dong Yusheng(chris)Liu Shouzhou Zhang Xun Gong CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Biodiversity Conservancy 144/124 Moo3Soi Bua ThongBangsalaeSattahipChonburi 20250Thailand Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen&Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518004China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indiana University-IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA

The evolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient(LDG),characterized by a peak in diversity toward the tropics,has captured significant attention in evolutionary biology and ***,the inverse LDG(i-LDG)mechanism,wherein species richness increases toward the poles,remains inadequately *** are among one of the oldest lineages of extant seed plants and have undergone extensive diversification in the ***,the extant cycad abundance exhibits an i-LDG pattern,and the underlying causes for this phenomenon remain largely ***,using 1,843 nuclear genes from a nearly complete sampling,we conducted comprehensive phylogenomic analyses to establish a robust species-level phylogeny for Cycas,the largest genus within *** then reconstructed the spatial-temporal dynamics and integrated global environmental data to evaluate the roles of species ages,diversification rates,contemporary environment,and conservatism to ancestral niches in shaping the i-LDG *** found Cycas experienced decreased diversification rates,coupled with the cooling temperature since its origin in the Eocene from continental *** regions have distinctively contributed to the formation of i-LDG for Cycas,with the northern hemisphere acting as evolutionary museums and the southern hemisphere serving as ***,water-related climate variables,specifically precipitation seasonality and potential evapotranspiration,were identified as paramount factors constraining Cycas species richness in the rainforest biome near the ***,the adherence to ancestral monsoonal climates emerges as a critical factor in sustaining the diversity *** study underscores the imperative of integrating both evolutionary and ecological approaches to comprehensively unravel the mechanisms underpinning global biodiversity patterns.

关键词： cycads latitudinal diversity gradient niche conservatism spatiotemporal diversification species richness

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休斯顿艺术博物馆南希及里奇金德大楼美国德克萨斯州,休斯顿

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世界建筑导报 2020年第5期35卷 26-29页

作者：史蒂文·霍尔 chris mcvoy Olaf Schmidt Filipe Taboada 史蒂文·霍尔建筑师事务所

Nancy and Rich Kinder大楼的新博物馆结构具有多孔性特点,地面层的所有立面都是开放的。七个花园将校园的四周“切开”,并标记了出入口和高度。最大的花园庭院位于Bissonnet和主街的拐角处,标志着新校园的中心入口。当站在Kinder大楼... 详细信息

Nancy and Rich Kinder大楼的新博物馆结构具有多孔性特点,地面层的所有立面都是开放的。七个花园将校园的四周“切开”,并标记了出入口和高度。最大的花园庭院位于Bissonnet和主街的拐角处,标志着新校园的中心入口。当站在Kinder大楼巨大的新入口大厅时,人们可以看到四个方向的花园,并感受到对社区开放所带来的诱人能量。

关键词：艺术博物馆地面层德克萨斯州多孔性校园

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