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New insights into pancreatic cancer stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第3期7卷 547-555页

作者： chinthalapally v rao Altaf Mohammed Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development Department of Medicine Hematology-Oncology Section PC Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City

Pancreatic cancer(PC) has been one of the deadliest of all cancers, with almost uniform lethality despite aggressive treatment. Recently, there have been important advances in the molecular, pathological and biological understandingof pancreatic cancer. Even after the emergence of recent new targeted agents and the use of multiple therapeutic combinations, no treatment option is viable in patients with advanced cancer. Developing novel strategies to target progression of PC is of intense interest. A small population of pancreatic cancer stem cells(CSCs) has been found to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CSCs are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. The CSC research has recently achieved much progress in a variety of solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer to some extent. This leads to focus on understanding the role of pancreatic CSCs. The focus on CSCs may offer new targets for prevention and treatment of this deadly cancer. We review the most salient developments in important areas of pancreatic CSCs. Here, we provide a review of current updates and new insights on the role of CSCs in pancreatic tumor progression with special emphasis on Dcl K1 and Lgr5, signaling pathways altered by CSCs, and the role of CSCs in prevention and treatment of PC.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Cancer stem cells DclK1 Lgr5 Prevention Treatment

Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Optimized Energy Efficient Engroove Leach Clustering Protocol

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第4期29卷 985-1001页

作者： N.Meenakshi Sultan Ahmad A.v.Prabu J.Nageswara rao Nashwan Adnan Othman Hikmat A.M.Abdeljaber R.Sekar Jabeen Nazeer SRM Institute of Science and Technology KattankulathurChennai 603203India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj 11942Saudi Arabia University Center for Research and Development(UCRD) Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413India Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur 522502India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineering(A)NTR District 521230India Department of Computer Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyApplied Science Private UniversityAmman 11937Jordan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE) School of EngineeringPresidency UniversityBangalore 834001India

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network that is constructed in regions that are inaccessible to human *** widespread deployment of wireless micro sensors will make it possible to conduct accurate environmental monitoring for a use in both civil and military *** make use of these data to monitor and keep track of the physical data of the surrounding environment in order to ensure the sustainability of the *** data have to be picked up by the sensor,and then sent to the sink node where they may be *** nodes of the WSNs are powered by batteries,therefore they eventually run out of *** energy restriction has an effect on the network life span and environmental *** objective of this study is to further improve the Engroove Leach(EL)protocol’s energy efficiency so that the network can operate for a very long time while consuming the least amount of *** lifespan of WSNs is being extended often using clustering and routing *** Meta Inspired Hawks Fragment Optimization(MIHFO)system,which is based on passive clustering,is used in this study to do *** cluster head is chosen based on the nodes’residual energy,distance to neighbors,distance to base station,node degree,and node *** on distance,residual energy,and node degree,an algorithm known as Heuristic Wing Antfly Optimization(HWAFO)selects the optimum path between the cluster head and Base Station(BS).They examine the number of nodes that are active,their energy consumption,and the number of data packets that the BS *** overall experimentation is carried out under the MATLAB *** the analysis,it has been discovered that the suggested approach yields noticeably superior outcomes in terms of throughput,packet delivery and drop ratio,and average energy consumption.

关键词： wireless sensor networks energy efficient engroove leach protocol meta inspired Hawks fragment optimization heuristic wing antfly optimization

Simulation Study on Constraining Gravitational Wave Propagation Speed by Gravitational Wave and Gamma-ray Burst Joint Observation on Binary Neutron Star Mergers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 42-51页

作者： Jin-Hui rao Shu-Xu Yi Lian Tao Qing-Wen Tang Department of Physics School of Physics and Materials ScienceNanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Theories of modified gravity suggest that the propagation speed of gravitational waves(GW)v_gmay deviate from the speed of light c.A constraint can be placed on the difference between c and v_gwith a simple method that uses the arrival time delay between GW and electromagnetic wave simultaneously emitted from a burst *** simulated the joint observation of GW and short gamma-ray burst signals from binary neutron star merger events in different observation campaigns,involving advanced LIGO(aLIGO)in design sensitivity and Einstein Telescope(ET)joint-detected with Fermi/*** a result,the relative precision of constraint on v_gcan reach~10~(-17)(aLIGO)and~10^(-18)(ET),which are one and two orders of magnitude better than that from GW170817,*** continue to obtain the bound of graviton mass m_g≤7.1(3.2)×10~(-20)ev with aLIGO(ET).Applying the Standard-Model Extension test framework,the constraint on v_gallows us to study the Lorentz violation in the nondispersive,nonbirefringent limit of the gravitational *** obtain the constraints of the dimensionless isotropic coefficients S_(00)^(4)at mass dimension d=4,which are-1×10^(-15)

关键词： gravitational waves-(stars)gamma-ray burst general-stars neutron

Diet xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation improves growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 165-176页

作者： Zhiyong rao Yue Li Xiaopeng Yang Yongpeng Guo Wei Zhang Zhixiang Wang School of Animal Science and Technology Henan Agricultural University

The effects of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on broiler growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 540 one-d-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate. Broilers in the control(CON) group received a corn-soybean meal based basal diet, those in the antibiotics(ANT) group received the basal diet plus 500 mg/kg oxytetracycline, and those in XOS groups received the basal diet plus 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg XOS. Compared with CON, the body weight at 42 d and average daily gain from 1 to 42 d were significantly increased in the 150, 450 mg/kg XOS-added and ANT groups(P = 0.018),and the relative expression of claudin-1 and ZO-1 m RNA in the ileum was significantly higher in the 300and 450 mg/kg XOS-added groups(P version ratios(P vels were significantly higher in the 300 mg/kg XOS-added group, and the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing genera(Alistipes) was also significantly higher(P villus height(P villus height to crypt depth(v:C)(P = 0.001) were significantly increased in XOS-added broilers. In analysis of relationships between cecal microbes and the physical barrier of the gut, [Ruminococcus]＿torques＿group was positively correlated with m RNA expression of ileal ZO-1 and claudin-1(P vely correlated with increased ileal villus height and v:C(P verall, XOS addition to broiler diets improved growth performance, promoted intestinal health by enh

关键词： Xylo-oligosaccharide Growth performance Intestinal health Immunity Broiler

Phase transition of multi-component(TiZrvNb)C ceramics—Part I:Phase decomposition induced by carbon content

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第5期13卷 679-688页

作者： Qingyi Kong rao Zhang Lei Chen Sijia Huo Wenyu Lu Yujin Wang Boxin Wei Yu Zhou Institute for Advanced Ceramics School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150080China Key Laboratory of Advanced Structure‒Function Integrated Materials and Green Manufacturing Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150001China National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of Metals Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Phase decomposition can effectively enhance the mechanical properties of carbide ceramics and can overcome the difficulty of enhancing the mechanical properties of single-phase multicomponent carbide *** this work,a series of nonstoichiometric(TiZrvNb)Cx ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering(SPS)at different *** effects of the carbon content on the phase composition,microstructure evolution,and mechanical properties were investigated in *** decomposition occurred with decreasing carbon *** different solid solutions of(Ti,v)-rich and Zr-rich phases formed from the decomposition of equimolar single-phase solid solutions,namely,the Zr-poor phase and Zr-rich phase,*** distribution of Nb element is relatively *** semicoherent interfaces between the Zr-poor phase and the Zr-rich phase can harden and strengthen effectively under the synergistic effect of grain *** with phase decomposition structures have apparent advantages compared to single-phase high-entropy *** work provides an important train of thought for the microstructure tailoring and properties optimization of multi-component carbide ceramics.

关键词： multicomponent ceramics nontoichiometry microstructure evolution phase decomposition mechanical properties

Oxidation behavior of Fev_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)particles in the air:Nonisothermal kinetic and reaction mechanism

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1839-1848页

作者： Junyi Xiang Xi Lu Luwei Bai Hongru rao Sheng Liu Qingyun Huang Shengqin Zhang Guishang Pei Xuewei Lü School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChongqing 401331China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Rep.of Korea College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

High-temperature oxidation behavior of ferrovanadium(Fev_(2)O_(4))and ferrochrome(FeCr_(2)O_(4))spinels is crucial for the application of spinel as an energy material,as well as for the clean usage of high-chromium vanadium ***,the nonisothermal oxidation behavior of Fev_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)prepared by high-temperature solid-state reaction was examined by thermogravimetry and X-ray diffraction(XRD)at heating rates of 5,10,and 15 K/*** apparent activation energy was determined by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)method,whereas the mechanism function was elucidated by the Malek ***,in-situ XRD was conducted to deduce the phase transformation of the oxidation mechanism for Fev_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4).The results reveal a gradual increase in the overall apparent activation energies for Fev_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)during *** stages of the oxidation process are observed based on the oxidation conversion rate of each *** oxidation mechanisms of Fev_(2)O_(4)and FeCr_(2)O_(4)are complex and have distinct *** particular,the chemical reaction controls the entire oxidation process for Fev_(2)O_(4),whereas that for FeCr_(2)O_(4)transitions from a three-dimensional diffusion model to a chemical reaction *** to the in-situ XRD results,numerous intermediate products are observed during the oxidation process of both compounds,eventually resulting in the final products FevO_(4)and v2O_(5)for Fev_(2)O_(4)and Fe_(2)O_(3)and Cr_(2)O_(3)for FeCr_(2)O_(4),respectively.

关键词： Fev_(2)O_(4) FeCr_(2)O_(4) oxidation nonisothermal kinetics mechanism

Two new high-temperature molecular ferroelectrics[1,5-3.2.2-Hdabcn]X(X=ClO_(4)^(-),ReO_(4)^(-))

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 234-238页

作者： Keke Han Wenjun rao Xiuli You Haina Zhang Xing Ye Zhenhong Wei Hu Cai School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Jiangxi Key laboratory of Organic Chemistry Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal UniversityNanchang 330013China

Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted much attention because of their excellent piezoelectricity,mechanical workability,and second harmonic ***,we successfully prepared two molecular ferroelectrics[1,5-3.2.2-Hdabcn]X(X=ClO_(4)^(-),1;ReO_(4)^(-),2)by reactions of a quasi-spherical amine 1,5-diazabicycle[3.2.2]nonane(1.5-3.2.2-dabcn)with HX aqueous *** 1 and 2 undergo hightemperature phase transitions at 381 K(1)and 396 K(2).Before and after the phase transition,they crystallize in the polar point group mm2,and the centrosymmetric point groups mmm and 4/mmm,*** to Aizu rules,these two compounds experience mmm Fmm2 and 4/mmm Fmm2 type ferroelectric phase transitions,*** ferroelectricity of both compounds is well expressed in their polycrystalline film at room temperature with low coercive voltages of 13 v for 1 and 25 v for *** piezoelectric force microscopy(PFM),the 180°anti-parallel ferroelectric domains and the reversible polarization switching can be clearly observed in 1 and *** high-temperature molecular ferroelectric material has great application potential in flexible materials,biomechanics,intelligent wearables and other fields.

关键词： Ferroelectric domains Quasi-spherical amine Phase transition Polarization

High mechanical strength Si anode synthesis with interlayer bonded expanded graphite structure for lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 253-263,I0007页

作者： Wenhui Lai Jong Hak Lee Lu Shi Yuqing Liu Yanhui Pu Yong Kang Ong Carlos Limpo Ting Xiong Yifan rao Chorng Haur Sow Barbaros Ozyilmaz Department of Material Science&Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore Center for Advanced 2D Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117546Singapore Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore Institute forFunctional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117544Singapore

Despite advancements in silicon-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries,their widespread commercial adoption is still hindered by significant volume expansion during cycling,especially at high active mass loadings crucial for practical *** root of these challenges lies in the mechanical instability of the material,which subsequently leads to the structural failure of the ***,we present a novel synthesis of a composite combining expanded graphite and silicon *** composite features a unique interlayer-bonded graphite structure,achieved through the application of a modified spark plasma sintering ***,this innovative structure not only facilitates efficient ion and electron transport but also provides exceptional mechanical strength(vickers hardness:up to658 MPa,Young's modulus:11.6 GPa).This strength effectively accommodates silicon expansion,resulting in an impressive areal capacity of 2.9 mA h cm^(-2)(736 mA h g^(-1)) and a steady cycle life(93% after 100cycles).Such outsta nding performance is paired with features appropriate for large-scale industrial production of silicon batteries,such as active mass loading of at least 3.9 mg cm^(-2),a high-tap density electrode material of 1.68 g cm^(-3)(secondary clusters:1.12 g cm^(-3)),and a production yield of up to 1 kg per day.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Silicon anode Spark plasma sintering Interlayer bonding Mechanical strength Tap density

倾斜椭球凹陷阵列湍流强化传热实验与数值分析

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推进技术 2024年第4期45卷 144-152页

作者：许超张鹏饶宇上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院上海200240

为了提高涡轮叶片内部通道对流传热性能,本文基于瞬态液晶热像技术分别针对矩形通道表面排布的球形凹陷和斜椭球凹陷阵列的传热和压力损失特性进行了实验研究。在雷诺数为1×10^(4)~6×10^(4)内,与基准球形凹陷相比,平行排布和v形排布... 详细信息

为了提高涡轮叶片内部通道对流传热性能,本文基于瞬态液晶热像技术分别针对矩形通道表面排布的球形凹陷和斜椭球凹陷阵列的传热和压力损失特性进行了实验研究。在雷诺数为1×10^(4)~6×10^(4)内,与基准球形凹陷相比,平行排布和v形排布的斜椭球凹陷总体传热分别增强了23.8%~33.8%和104%~121%,v形排布的斜椭球凹陷综合传热性能显著提高了25%~68.3%。通过数值模拟发现,平行排布的斜椭球凹陷虽然可以诱发更强烈的二次流,但是平行的排布方式使下游凹陷受到来自上游凹陷升温后的流体冲刷,因此限制了传热的进一步增强。v形排布的斜椭球凹陷通过诱发大尺度的纵向涡对将来自主流的冷流体输运至壁面,冷流体直接冲击壁面并与近壁流体剪切,极大地增强了对流传热。

关键词：涡轮叶片冷却斜椭球凹陷传热瞬态液晶热像实验流动结构