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Why are epididymal tumours so rare？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 465-475,I0008页

作者： ching-hei yeung Kai Wang Trevor G Cooper Shandong Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Research Centre YuHuangDing Hospital Yantai 26400 China Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University Clinic MOnster D48149 Germany Central Laboratory YuHuangDing Hospital Yantai 26400 China

Epididymal tumour incidence is at most 0.03% of all male cancers. It is an enigma why the human epididymis does not often succumb to cancer, when it expresses markers of stem and cancer cells, and constitutively expresses oncogenes, pro-proliferative and pro-angiogenic factors that allow tumour cells to escape immunosurveillance in cancer-prone tissues. The privileged position of the human epididymis in evading tumourigenicity is reflected in transgenic mouse models in which induction of tumours in other organs is not accompanied by epididymal neoplasia. The epididymis appears to：（i） prevent tumour initiation （it probably lacks stem cells and has strong anti-oxidative mechanisms, active tumour suppressors and inactive oncogene products）; （ii） foster tumour monitoring and destruction （by strong immuno-surveillance and -eradication, and cellular senescence）; （iii） avert proliferation and angiogenesis （with persistent tight junctions, the presence of anti-angiogenic factors and misplaced pro-angiogenic factors）, which together （iv） promote dormancy and restrict dividing cells to hyperplasia. Epididymal cells may be rendered non-responsive to oncogenic stimuli by the constitutive expression of factors generally inducible in tumours, and resistant to the normal epididymal environment, which mimics that of a tumour niche promoting tumour growth. The threshold for tumour initiation may thus be higher in the epididymis than in other organs. Several anti-tumour mechanisms are those that maintain spermatozoa quiescent and immunologically silent, so the low incidence of cancer in the epididymis may be a consequence of its role in sperm maturation and storage. Understanding these mechanisms may throw light on cancer prevention and therapy in general.

关键词： anti-oxidation cell proliferation metabolic reprogramming tumour dormancy tumour suppression

Effects of cryoprotectant treatments on bovine sperm function and osmolyte content

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第5期11卷 571-582,I0002,I0003页

作者： Erif E. M. Setyawan[德国] Trevor G. Cooper[德国] Dyah A. Widiasih[德国] Aris Junaidi[德国] ching-hei yeung[德国] Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology of the University Clinic Miinster D-48149 Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281Indonesia Department of Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia

The hypothesis that addition and removal of cryoprotectants to and from spermatozoa would initiate regulatory volume decrease, and lead to osmolyte loss and reduced sperm function, was tested. Common cryoprotectants, in the absence of freezing and thawing, affected bovine ejaculated spermatozoa by lowering their total and progressive motility in medium, reducing their migration through surrogate cervical mucus, damaging sperm head membranes and inducing sperm tail coiling. Sperm function was slightly better maintained after cryoprotectants were added and removed in multiple small steps rather than in a single step. The intracellular content of the polyol osmolytes, D-sorbitol and myo-inositol, exceeded that of the zwitterion osmolytes, L-carnitine and L-glutamate. Certain cryoprotectants reduced intracellular L-camitine and L-glutamate concentration but not that of myo-inositol or D-sorbitol. Multistep treatments with some cryoprotectants had advantages over one-step treatments in mucus penetration depending on the original amount of intracellular camitine and glutamate in the spermatozoa. Overall, sperm quality was best maintained by multistep treatment with glycerol and propanediols that were associated with decreased intracellular glutamate concentration. Bovine spermatozoa seem to use glutamate to regulate cryoprotectant-induced cell swelling.

关键词： cryoconservation cryoprotectants osmotic swelling regulatory volume decrease

Comparison of gene expression of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components in the mouse and human epididymis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 1006-1011,I0011页

作者： Kai Wang Ning Li ching-hei yeung Trevor G Cooper Xue-Xia Liu Juan Liu Wen-Ting Wang Yan Li Hui Shi Fu-Jun Liu School of Agriculture Ludong University Yantai Shandong China Central Laboratory Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Yantai Shandong China College of Life Science Yantai University Yantai Shandong China

β-catenin is an integral part of the Wnt signaling pathway and has been linked to tumorigenesis and multiple developmental processes. The high β-catenin expression with low tumor incidence in the human epididymis is thus intriguing. In the present study, the β-catenin gene and protein was found to be highly expressed in the murine caput epididymidis, and the protein mainly localized along the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells throughout both human and mouse epididymides. Furthermore, the adult mouse epididymis was found to express almost all the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes that were determined previously by our group in the human organ. Despite the differences in epididymal structure, the similar location of β-catenin and the high concordance of this pathway＇s components＇ gene expression in both the adult human and mouse epididymides make the mouse a suitable animal model for studying the anti-tumor mechanism of the epididymis. In addition, both the mRNA and protein expression of β-catenin shared a similar spatial expression as the mRNA of Rosl, a proto-oncogene and a key developmental regulator of the initial segment of the mouse epididymis. The observations on the parallel temporal expression of β-catenin and Rosl during postnatal development raise the possibility that the canonical Writ signaling pathway has an additional role in the postnatal development of mouse epididymis.

关键词： epididymis postnatal development tumorigenesis Wnt/β-catenin pathway β-catenin

Cancer metabolic reprogramming: importance, main features, and potentials for precise targeted anti-cancer therapies

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2014年第1期11卷 1-19页

作者： Liem Minh Phan Sai-ching Jim yeung Mong-Hong Lee Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department of General Internal Medicine Ambulatory Treatment and Emergency Care Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Cancer cells are well documented to rewire their metabolism and energy production networks to support and enable rapid proliferation, continuous growth, survival in harsh conditions, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatments. Since Dr. Otto Warhurg＇s discovery about altered cancer cell metabolism in 1930, thousands of studies have shed light on various aspects of cancer metabolism with a common goal to find new ways for effectively eliminating tumor cells by targeting their energy metabolism. This review highlights the importance of the main features of cancer metabolism, summarizes recent remarkable advances in this field, and points out the potentials to translate these scientific findings into life-saving diagnosis and therapies to help cancer patients.

关键词： Cell cycle energy metabolism glycolysis glutaminolysis mitochondria biogenesis

Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第1期8卷 25-30,I0001页

作者： Eva Rajha Patrick Chaftari Mona Kamal Julian Maamari Christopher Chaftari Sai-ching Jim yeung Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Schoool of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblosLebanon Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized cancer therapy and is now the standard treatment for several different types of cancer,supported by favorable outcomes and good ***,it is linked to multiple immune manifestations,referred to as immune-related adverse events(irAEs).These adverse events frequently affect the skin,colon,endocrine glands,lungs,and *** gastrointestinal system is one of the most commonly affected organ systems and is responsible for the most frequent emergency visits resulting from ***,because immune checkpoint inhibitors are a recent addition to our arsenal of cancer drugs,many health-care providers remain unfamiliar with the management of *** involved in the treatment of oncology patients who have received checkpoint inhibitors are currently encountering cases of abdominal pain,diarrhea,and other nonspecific symptoms that may be challenging to *** article reviews the gastrointestinal,hepatic,and pancreatic toxicities of checkpoint inhibitors and provides an approach to their diagnosis and recommended *** also highlights the management of irAEs according to their toxicity grading and specifically discusses the instances in which corticosteroids should be administered and/or the immune checkpoint inhibitors should be withheld.

关键词： immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events colitis enterocolitis liver toxicity pancreatic toxicity

The association between weight stability and parenteral nutrition characteristics and survival in patients with colorectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2019年第6期7卷 419-425,I0002页

作者： Wenli Liu Aiham Qdaisat Eric Lee Jason yeung Khanh Vu Jun-Zhong Lin Todd Canada Shouhao Zhou Lorenzo Cohen Eduardo Bruera Sai-ching J.yeung Department of Palliative Rehabilitation and Integrative MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Department of Emergency Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA McGovern Medical School HoustonTXUSA Biomedical Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA Department of General Internal Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Department of Colorectal Surgery Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Division of Pharmacy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Department of Public Health Sciences Pennsylvania State University School of MedicineHersheyPAUSA Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA

Objective:Knowledge about the impact of metabolic disturbances and parenteral nutrition(PN)characteristics on the survival of cancer patients receiving PN is *** aimed to assess the association between clinical and PN characteristics and survival in colorectal-cancer patients receiving PN ***:Our study included 572 consecutive colorectal-cancer patients who had received PN support between 2008 and *** characteristics,body mass index,weight,medical/surgical history,indication for PN,PN data and survival were *** between clinical and PN characteristics and survival were analysed with important confounding ***:The final cohort included 437 evaluable patients,with a mean age of 57 ***-one percent of the study population had advanced stage of colorectal *** weight(weight change≥2.5%)prior to PN initiation[hazard ratio(HR)=1.41,P=0.023]was adversely associated with survival after adjusting for multiple factors including cancer *** obstruction(HR=1.75,P=0.017)as a PN indication was associated with worse survival when compared with without bowel *** PN amino acid by ideal body weight(g•kg^(-1))(HR=0.59,P=0.029)was associated with longer survival,whereas a higher percentage of non-PN intravenous calories(HR=1.04,P=0.011)was associated with shorter survival independently of confounding ***:Body mass index and weight stability can be useful nutritional indices for survival prediction in cancer patients receiving *** planning should take into account of non-PN calories to achieve optimal energy support and *** research is needed to define optimal PN amino-acid requirement and energy balance.

关键词： BMI weight loss non-parenteral calorie energy balance parenteral nutrition

Molecular Advances in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2003年第4期1卷 247-262页

作者： Raymond Kin Hi Hui Raymond Tsz yeung Wong Chi Wai Yip Frederick Chi ching Leung Department of Zoology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.Department of Zoology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.Department of Zoology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.Department of Zoology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China.

The sudden outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 prompted the establishment of a global scientific network subsuming most of the traditional rivalries in the competitive field of virology. Within months of the SARS outbreak, collaborative work revealed the identity of the disastrous pathogen as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). However, although the rapid identifi-

关键词： severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV genome phylogenetics human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system molecular epidemiology

Traditional conditioning and conditions in professional Malaysian women talk

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Sino-US English Teaching 2010年第1期7卷 29-45页

作者： Kuang ching hei Jawakhir Mior Jaafar English Language Department Faculty of Languages and Linguistics University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaya

Cross-cultural differences have often been seen as an element contributing to the variations in speech acts and this has affected the differences in interpretations of meanings. Each individual contributes to this difference as a result of his/her variation in upbringing. His/her values, beliefs, traditions, norms and standards are greatly influenced by his/her culture. Cultural differences are not only seen through tangible artifacts and daily practices, but also in the articulation of thoughts. This paper will present findings from the analysis of ＂lunch-talks＂ data involving four professional Malaysian women from the two dominant ethnic communities in Malaysia： Malay and Chinese. The ＂lunch-talks＂ are free flowing semi-formal discourse events with topics ranging from family to politics to work-related issues. Data were recorded with the informants＇ consent and are then transcribed. Our findings indicate that Malaysian women professionals are open, direct and forward in their talk as a result of the influence of cultural and religious conditioning and conditions. With higher education and wider exposure, they are also less inhibited by traditional norms. It would seem that educational exposure and the level of experience play a role in shifting Malaysian women from being demure to being more forward. Nevertheless, some remnants of traditional, cultural and religious values are interlaced within the forwardness. This study will provide some insights into the role of culture in communication. Evidence is drawn from the way the two ethnic groups perceive, interpret, and maintain respect for each other.

关键词： cross-cultural communication semi-formal discourse speech acts cultural conditioning traditional values

Diabetes mellitus type 2 drives metabolic reprogramming to promote pancreatic cancer growth

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第4期8卷 261-276,I0001页

作者： Guermarie Velazquez-Torres Enrique Fuentes-Mattei Hyun Ho Choi Sai-ching J.yeung Xiangqi Meng Mong-Hong Lee Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology Division of Basic Science ResearchThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouP.R.China Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouP.R.China Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Internal Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA

Background:Diabetes mellitus type 2(DM2)is a modifiable risk factor associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis and tumor progression on the basis of epidemiology studies,but the biological mechanisms are not completely *** purpose of this study is to demonstrate direct evidence for the mechanisms mediating these epidemiologic *** hypothesis is that DM2 accelerates pancreatic cancer growth and that metformin treatment has a beneficial ***:To determine the effect of glucose and insulin in pancreatic cancer proliferation,we used conditioned media to mimic DM2 ***,we studied the effect of anti-diabetic drugs,particularly metformin and rosiglitazone on pancreatic cancer *** established orthotopic/syngeneic(Leprdb/db)mouse cancer models to evaluate the effect of diabetes on pancreatic tumor growth and ***:Our results showed that diabetes promotes pancreatic tumor ***,enhanced tumor growth and aggressiveness(***-mesenchymal transition)can be explained by functional transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in the mice with diabetes,namely via activation of the AKT/mTOR *** treatment suppressed the diabetes-induced AKT/mTOR pathway activation and tumor *** metabolic profile determined by mass spectrum showed important changes of metabolites in the pancreatic cancer derived from diabetic mice treated with ***:Diabetes mellitus type 2 has critical effects that promote pancreatic cancer progression via transcriptomic and metabolomic *** animal models provide strong evidence for the causal relationship between diabetes and accelerated pancreatic *** study sheds a new insight into the effects of metformin and its potential as part of therapeutic interventions for pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients.

关键词： pancreatic cancer type 2 diabetes mellitus cancer metabolism