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Low prevalence of epilepsy and onchocerciasis after more than 20 years of ivermectin treatment in the imo River Basin in Nigeria

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infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 36-44页

作者： Joseph N.F.Siewe Chinyere N.Ukaga Ernest O.Nwazor Murphy O.Nwoke Modebelu C.Nwokeji Blessing C.Onuoha Simon O.Nwanjor Joel Okeke Kate Osahor Lilian Chimechefulam Ann i.Ogomaka Augustine A.Amaechi chika i.ezenwa Monika N.Ezike Chidimma i.kpeama Ogechi Nwachukwu Austine i.Eriama-Joseph Berthram E.B.Nwoke Robert Colebunders Global Health institute University of AntwerpCam pus Drie EikenDoornstraat 3312610 WilrijkAntwerpBelgium imo State University OwerriNigeria Federal Medical Centre OwerriNigeria Madonna University Teaching Hospital EleleNigeria imo State Ministry of Health OwerriNigeria

Background:High epilepsy prevalence and incidence have been reported in areas with high onchocerciasis *** findings suggest that proper community-directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTi)is potentially able to prevent onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy(OAE).We assessed the epilepsy prevalence and onchocerciasis transmission in two Nigerian villages following more than 20 years of ***:A cross-sectional door-to-door survey was performed in two villages in the imo River Basin reported to be mesoendomic for onchocerciasis(Umuoparaodu and Umuezeala).individuals were screened for epilepsy using a validated 5-item *** suspected to have epilepsy were examined by a neurologist or a physician with training in epilepsy for *** was investigated via skin snip microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests for Ov16 *** were compared with previous findings from the imo river ***:A total of 843 individuals from 257 households in the two villages were *** detected four persons with epilepsy(PWE)giving a crude epilepsy prevalence of 0.5%.This finding differs from observations reported 14 years ago which showed an epilepsy prevalence of 2.8%in the neighbouring village of Umulolo(P=0.0001),and 1.2%from 13 villages in the imo river basin(P=0.07).The seroprevalence of Ov16 antibodies was found to be 0%.Only 4.6%of skin snips were positive compared to 26.8%in previous surveys(Pivermectin mass distribution coverage in the study sites in 2017 was 79.7%.Conclusions:A low epilepsy and onchocerciasis prevalence was observed following more than 20 years of CDTi in the imo River *** of Ov16 antibodies indicates minimal transmission of *** results contrast with observations from areas of high onchocerciasis transmission,where epilepsy prevalence and incidence remain *** from this study suggest that sustained efforts could eventually achieve elimination of onch

关键词： Epilepsy Onchocerciasis Nigeria ivermectin Ov16

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Gas Turbine Performance Optimization Using Compressor Online Water Washing Technique

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Engineering（科研） 2011年第5期3卷 500-507页

作者： ezenwa A. Ogbonnaya 不详

The ability to predict the behaviour of a gas turbine engine and optimize its performance is critical in eco-nomic, thermal and condition monitoring studies. Having identified fouling as one of the major sources of compressor and therefore gas turbine deterioration, a computer-based engine model was developed to optimize the performance of gas turbines. The paper thus presents an analysis of compressor hand cleaning, on and offline compressor washing to actualize the technique using a computer program in Visual Basic programming language with data collected over a period of fifteen weeks for 2 gas turbine plants GT1 and GT2. The results of the data collected, when collated, shows that after washing, the overall operational efficiency changed from 39.2% to 46.25%. To optimize the performance of gas turbine engines, it is therefore recommended that operators should perform a combination of compressor hand cleaning, offline and online washing simultaneously.

关键词： Gas Turbine Turbomachinery Components Fouling Performance Optimization Operational Practices Compressor Water Washing

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尼日利亚学生习得汉语鼻韵母的声学实验研究

尼日利亚学生习得汉语鼻韵母的声学实验研究

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作者： AKAGWOLU ezenwa PAUL（欧阳雨泽）四川师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本文是一项关于尼日利亚汉语学习者习得汉语鼻韵母声学特性的实验研究,旨在探索其发音偏误和原因,为提高其汉语发音水平提供指导。研究选取了部分尼日利亚汉语学习者为实验对象,并对比分析了尼日利亚学生和汉语母语者的语图特点。通过使... 详细信息

本文是一项关于尼日利亚汉语学习者习得汉语鼻韵母声学特性的实验研究,旨在探索其发音偏误和原因,为提高其汉语发音水平提供指导。研究选取了部分尼日利亚汉语学习者为实验对象,并对比分析了尼日利亚学生和汉语母语者的语图特点。通过使用Praat软件录音和分析他们的发音数据,研究揭示了尼日利亚学生在习得汉语鼻韵母时的主要发音偏误,包括音质偏误、音高偏误以及口鼻腔有序动作的失调。对此,从语言学和语音学的角度分析了造成这些偏误的因素,如母语干扰、音素识别难度、发音器官控制难度等。基于分析,研究提出了一系列教学、训练和教材设计建议,如强调音质训练,实施个性化语音训练计划,并利用多媒体教学方法提升学生的发音水平。同时,研究讨论了尼日利亚汉语学习者自我学习的重要性。通过此次研究,期望为改善尼日利亚汉语学习者的鼻韵母发音提供实用指导,并进一步提升其整体汉语水平。结论部分指出,尼日利亚学生在掌握汉语鼻韵母过程中普遍存在的发音偏差及其具体特点和成因的发现,对于汉语作为第二语言的教学具有重要指导意义。研究强调了在语音教学中采用多样化教学方法和策略的重要性,包括从早期阶段注重声调和鼻韵母结合教学,增加听力和发音练习,利用科技手段进行语音分析和反馈,并关注学生的个性化需求和差异,提供量身定做的指导和支持。此外,研究还认识到自我学习动力和接受错误心态对学生语音学习的重要性。本研究不仅为尼日利亚汉语学习者提供了具体的发音改进策略,也为全球母语非汉语学习者的语音学习提供了重要参考。这些策略和实践的成功实施,不仅将促进尼日利亚学生的语言学习,也将对全球汉语教学领域带来深远影响。展望未来,这些策略和方法有望被广泛应用于不同文化背景的汉语教学中,为汉语国际教育的发展做出贡献。

关键词：尼日利亚汉语学习者汉语鼻韵母问卷调查声学实验

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integration of RUSLE Model with Remote Sensing and GiS Tools for Soil Loss Estimation in the Kubanni Drainage Basin, Zaria, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第11期12卷 173-190页

作者： Kenneth Onyemauche ezenwa Reuben Jobien Jacob Sadiq Abdullahi Yelwa Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Department of Geomatics Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria Department of Environmental and Resources Management Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria

The prevalence of unwholesome land use practices and population pressure exacerbates soil loss which is worsening the problem of sedimentation of the Kubanni dam. This study was conducted at the Kubanni drainage basin covering a spatial area of 56.7 Km2 in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria to estimate annual soil loss using the RUSLE model. Satellite images of Landsat OLi for December 2014, 2016, 2018, February, July and November 2022;soil data, rainfall data from 2010 to 2022, and DEM of 30-meter resolution were utilized for the study. All factors of the RUSLE model were calculated for the basin using assembled data. The erosivity (R-factor) was discovered to be 553.437 MJ∙mm∙ha−1∙h−1∙yr−1. The average erodibility (K-factor) value was 0.1 Mg∙h∙h∙ha−1∙MJ−1∙mm−1∙yr−1. The Slope Length and Steepness factor (LS-factor) in the basin ranged between 0% and 13.47%. The Crop Management Factor (C-factor) values were obtained from a rescaling of the NDVi values derived for the study area and ranged from 0.26 to 0.55. Support practice (P-factors) were computed from the prevalent tillage practice in the basin and ranged from 0.27 to 0.40. The soil loss amount for the Kubanni basin was found to be 28441.482 tons∙ha−1∙yr−1, while the annual soil loss for the entire Kubanni drainage basin was found to be 49780.257 tons∙yr−1. The study has demonstrated the viability of coupling RUSLE model and Remote Sensing and Geographic information System (GiS) techniques for the estimation of soil loss in the Kubanni drainage basin.

关键词： Soil Loss Watershed Erosivity (R-Factor) Erodibility (K-Factor) Cover Management Factor (C-Factor) Slope Length and Steepness Factor (LS-Factor) Support Practice Factor (P-Factor)

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Combating Corrosion in Transmission Pipelines in Marine Environment Using Vernomia Amydalina as inhibitor

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2018年第4期8卷 450-472页

作者： Samson Nitonye Umoh Ofonime Emmanuel A. Ogbonnaya ezenwa Department of Marine Engineering Rivers State University Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Department of Mechanical/Marine Engineering Niger Delta University Amassoma Bayelsa State Nigeria

Pipelines are system of pipes designed to transport liquids, gases or solid/ liquid mixtures over long distances. Some are used for domestic, household and sewage purposes. Others are buried underground or submerged in water for transportation of natural oil and gas (O & G) products. in this work, the specimens had to be kept in a workable state and steps were taken to prepare each specimen: all cuts and sheared edges were ground out to prevent them from becoming sites for preferential attack. The finishing of the specimen surface with grit abrasive paper (sand paper) and rinsing of the specimens in distilled water were done. Then degreasing of specimen in acetone and air-dried were carried out. Upon drying, the specimens were immediately weighed to obtain their initial weights. Twelve specimens were used for the test as follows: 6 Aluminum (Al);and 6 mild steel (MS) samples. With a 2 M concentration of Vernomia Amydalina (VA) extract solution, the MS and Al samples were immersed in different plastic containers containing 400 ml of seawater with pH value of 7.25 with no (0%) inhibitor added to it. A 5% (400 ml) of the VA solution was poured into the measuring cylinder for each sample-Al and MS. The specimens were suspended by the strings and completely immersed in the different percentage test media. The same procedure was carried out for each of the different percentages, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and a total of 12 solutions were set up. The experimental procedure used was that seawater of 7.25 pH was obtained from Abonnema water front of Rivers State. At the end of every week (168 hours), the specimens were removed from the corrosive media. Observation and recording of appearance of the specimen noting sites were done. Cleanings of specimen with white handkerchief or tissue paper were carried out and washing of specimen with distilled water, scrubbing of specimen with a soft brush and dipping the specimen into acetone after washing, it was removed to air-dry and weig

关键词： Pipelines Corrosion Environment Sea Water inhibitors Specimen VA Solution Corrosion Rate (CR) Weight Loss (WL)

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Computer-Aided Solution to the Vibrational Effect of instabilities in Gas Turbine Compressors

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Engineering（科研） 2010年第8期2卷 658-664页

作者： ezenwa Alfred Ogbonnaya Hyginus Ubabuike Ugwu Charles Agbeju Nimibofa Johnson 不详

Surge and stall are the two main types of instabilities that often occur on the compressor system of gas turbines. The effect of this instability often leads to excessive vibration due to the back pressure imposed to the system by this phenomenon. in this work, fouling was observed as the major cause of the compressor instability. A step to analyze how this phenomenon can be controlled with the continuous examination of the vibration amplitude using a computer approach led to the execution of this work. The forces resulting to vibration in the system is usually external to it. This external force is aerodynamic and the effect was modeled using force damped vibration analysis. A gas turbine plant on industrial duty for electricity generation was used to actualize this research. The data for amplitude of vibration varied between -15 and 15 mm/s while the given mass flow rate and pressure ratio were determined as falling between 6.1 to 6.8 kg/s and 9.3 to 9.6 respectively. A computer program named ViCOMS written in C++ programming language was developed. The results show that the machine should not be run beyond 14.0 mm vibration amplitude in order to avoid surge, stall and other flow-induced catastrophic breakdown.

关键词： Computerized Solution instabilities Vibration Gas Turbine Compressors Operational Limits

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Effect of Roasting and Germination on Proximate, Micronutrient and Amino Acid Profile of Breadnut Seed (Artocarpus camansi) Flours

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2019年第5期9卷 174-181页

作者： Joy A. C. Amadi Austin ihemeje Chinyere P. ezenwa Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Imo State University Owerri P.M.B. 2000 Nigeria Department of Food Science and Technology Imo State University Owerri P.M.B. 2000 Nigeria Department of Home Economics Federal College of Education Umunze (T) P.M.B. 0189 Nigeria

The proximate, micronutrient and amino acid profile of roasted and germinated breadnut seed flour were evaluated. Fresh mature fruits (1.5 kg) of breadnut were purchased from Relief market in imo State, Nigeria. The breadnut seeds were divided into three portions for different unit operations, namely raw, roasted and germinated. Samples were analyzed for proximate, minerals and amino acids compositions. Statistical significance was set at p in (13.80%) and fat (7.90%) content were significantly higher (p in germinated breadnut seeds;fibre (2.20%) and ash (7.20%) were significantly higher (p in roasted breadnut seed while carbohydrate (75.85%) and moisture (11.05%) were significantly higher (p in raw breadnut. Micronutrient composition shows that iron (74.35 mg/100g) was higher in roasted breadnut seed, phosphorous (12.95 mg/100g) and zinc (30.4 mg/100g) were higher in germinated breadnut seed flour while calcium (0.04%), magnesium (0.05%), vitamin A (0.27%) and vitamin C (0.85%) were higher in raw breadnut. All the essential amino acids except norleucine were present in the breadnut in varying quantities. Between roasting and germination, essential acids;valine istidine isoleucine ine in germinated breadnut seeds while leucine ine ine ionine were higher in roasted breadnut seed flour. The use of roasting and germination should be used in processing breadnut seeds. The use of breadnut seed flours as composite flour in food production may help to provide protein and micronutrient among the vulnerable groups.

关键词： Breadnut seed flour roasting germination amino acid profile.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Non-Uptake of HiV Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Undergraduates of Tertiary institution in Abia State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第1期11卷 19-35页

作者： Prince ezenwa N. Onyemachi Madu James Awa Mazi E. C. Ejikem Juliet U. Enukeme Department of Community Medicine Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Abia State Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medicine and Health Sciences Gregory University Uturu Abia State Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Abia State University Teaching Hospital Aba Abia State Nigeria

Background: One of the key strategies in the HiV/AiDS prevention and control programs in Nigeria is Voluntary HiV counseling and testing (VCT). However, its utilization among young adults, particularly undergraduates,... 详细信息

Background: One of the key strategies in the HIV/AIDS prevention and control programs in Nigeria is Voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT). However, its utilization among young adults, particularly undergraduates, is very low. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of non-uptake of VCT among undergraduates. Methods: A cross sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted. Using simple random sampling, three faculties were selected out of nine and 422 respondents were selected from three faculties. Interviews were conducted using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences version 20. Prevalence was measured by the percentage of respondents that had never used VCT. Analytical statistics were done using chi-square test to measure strength of association between VCT uptake and knowledge and attitude of respondents. Association with P-value 0.05 was considered significant. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of non-uptake of VCT. The associations were presented as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Overall, 59.3% of respondents were knowledgeable about VCT while majority, 64.7% had negative attitude towards it. Knowledge (X2 = 9.89, P-value 2ily:Verdana;"> = 10.78, P-

关键词： Prevalence Predictors VCT Non-Uptake Tertiary institution Abia State

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Geoelectrical investigation of a Proposed Dam Site in a Sedimentary Terrain: Case Study of Aba River at Amapu-ideobia, Akanu Ngwa Southeastern Nigeria

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international Journal of Geosciences 2013年第10期4卷 1376-1381页

作者： Sabinus ikechukwu ibeneme Kalu Kalu ibe Alexander Olusegun Selemo Johnbosco Okechukwu Nwagbara Young ezenwa Obioha Kingsley Obi Echendu Bridget Odochi Ubechu Department of Geosciences Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria Department of Physics Federal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria

The geoelectrical investigation of the proposed Aba River dam at Amapu-ideobia, Akanu Ngwa Southeastern Nigeria has been carried out. The objective of this study is to determine the downward and lateral trends of the rock layers or units along and near the proposed dam axis and deduce the possible structures that may enhance workable design of the dam. ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000 model was used and the symmetrical Schlumberger configuration was adopted. Twelve (12) Vertical Electrical Sounding stations were located and fully occupied along the dam axis. Preliminary input data from the field were fed into Zohdy software to generate real resistivities and depths to geoelectric layers. Five geoelectric layers were interpreted as Loamy Top soil, Alluvial matter, Pebble bed, Sandy lateritic and Gravely sand. Layer 1 (the top loamy soil) was encountered in VES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11 and 12 locations with maximum thickness of 1.5 m in VES 3 and 4. Resistivity values ranged from 216 to 519 Ohm-m. The second layer (lateritic matter) had a maximum lower depth of 5 m in VES 3 and 4 points. This was not encountered in VES 6 point being replaced by alluvium. Resistivity values ranged from 101 to 6190 Ohm-m. Layer 3 was interpreted as a restricted pebble bed which occurred only at VES 6, 7 and 8 locations flanking the river course with thickness of about 3.5 m and resistivity values range of 182 415 Ohm-m. The fourth layer was modeled as the alluvial matter and restricted to the river course (VES 6, 7, 8) locations with base at between 12.5 m in VES 8 and 8 m in VES 6. The last modeled layer (Layer 5) was composed of gravely sandstone that underlined the whole study area apart from the restricted pebble bed at the NE crestal portion (VES 12). No structures like fractures, lineaments and faults that would be of deleterious effect were observed in all the VES points down to about 40 m. However, it was observed that the axial length had overriding sandy matter with high porosity and

关键词： Aba River Amapu-ideobia Dam Axis Electrical Resistivity Geoelectric

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