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The δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum)are reliable indicators of manuring practices

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2910-2923页

作者： Jishuai YANG Xiaoyan YANG ting YOU Fahu chen Key Scientific Research Base of Bioarchaeology in Cold and Arid Regions(National Cultural Heritage Administration) Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education)College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemResources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Millet agriculture,which originated in northern China,alongside rice agriculture,have nurtured the Chinese *** manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural production in the loess area of northern ***,ongoing controversy exists regarding the indicators of prehistoric manuring intensity of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum).Here,we present the results of pot and field fertilization experiments on two millet *** findings suggest that manuring can significantly increase the δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet,and its δ^(15)N values increase with increasing manuring *** δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet leaves are systematically greater than those of grains by approximately 1.6‰.Manuring could have a long-term residual impact on increasing the δ^(15)N values of soil and millet *** with previous crop fertilization experiment results,we propose that the impact of manuring on the δ^(15)N values of non-nitrogen-fixing crops is roughly *** δ^(15)N value and amount of manure are key factors determining the extent of change in plant δ^(15)N *** millet grain δ^(15)N values can serve as reliable indicators of manuring ***,we provide an interpretive framework for assessing the correlation between manuring levels and the δ^(15)N values of archaeological millet *** δ^(15)N values of ancient millet grains suggest widespread and intensive manuring practices in prehistoric millet agriculture in northern China,spanning from the early Yangshao period to the Longshan period.

关键词： Millet farming Manuring experiment Farming system Archaeobotany North China

Optimizing mechanical properties of HIPS fabricated with low-cost desktop 3D printers:investigating the impact of process parameters

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第2期12卷 379-395页

作者： Jin-ting Xu Guang-Wei Zhang Man-Man chen School of Automotive Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024People’s Republic of China

Recently,low-cost desktop three-dimensional(3D)printers,employing the fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique,have gained widespread ***,most users cannot test the strength of printed parts,and little information is available about the mechanical properties of printed high-impact polystyrene(HIPS)parts using desktop 3D *** this study,the user-adjustable parameters of desktop 3D printers,such as crisscross raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density,were *** experimental plans were designed using the Box-Behnken method,and tensile,3-point bending,and compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanical responses of the printed *** prediction models of the process parameters were regressed to produce the optimal combination of process *** experimental results showcase that the crisscross raster orientation has significant effects on the flexural and compression strengths,but not on the tensile *** an increase in the layer thickness,the tensile,flexural,and compression strengths first decreased and then increased,reaching their minimum values at approximately 0.16 mm layer *** addition,they all increased with an increase of infill *** was demonstrated that when the raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density were 13.08°/–76.92°,0.09 mm,and 80%,respectively,the comprehensive mechanical properties of the printed HIPS were *** results can help end-users of desktop 3D printers understand the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties,and offer practical suggestions for setting proper printing parameters for fabricating HIPS parts.

关键词： Desktop three-dimensional(3D)printers Fused deposition modeling(FDM) High-impact polystyrene(HIPS) Process parameters

Neuroimmune interactions and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 251-261页

作者： Bai-Rong chen ting Wu ting-Hui chen Yun Wang Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesKey Laboratory for NeuroscienceMinistry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking UniversityBeijing 100083China PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The nervous system possesses bidirectional,sophisticated and delicate communications with the immune *** neuroimmune interactions play a vitally important role in the initiation and development of many disorders,especially neurodegenerative *** scientific advancements have made tremendous progress in this field during the last few years,neuroimmune communications are still far from being *** organizing recent research,in this review,we discuss the local and intersystem neuroimmune interactions and their roles in Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral *** these will help us gain a better understanding of the process of interplay inside the body and how the organism maintains *** will also facilitate a view of the diseases from a holistic,pluralistic and interconnected perspective,thus providing a basis of developing novel and effective methods to diagnose,intervene and treat diseases.

关键词： Nervous system Immune system Neuroimmune interactions Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Metal-Free Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzothiazoles via I2-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reaction of Amines and Carbon Disulfide

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第8期42卷 846-852页

作者： ting chen Wei Feng Ruitong Yang Shanping chen Guo-Jun Deng Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Normal UniversityXinxiangHunan453007 China

Comprehensive Summary,A convenient approach for the construction of 2-aminobenzothiazoles via I2-catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction of amines and carbon disulfide has been *** present approach starts from simple and readily available starting materials,affording a series of 2-aminobenzothiazoles in up to 89%yields under metal-free *** this work,C—H/N—H functionalization was achieved and multiple C-hetero bonds were successfully constructed in one pot.

关键词： Sulfur heterocycles C-H functionalization Cyclization Tandem reaction Transition-metal-free Amines lodine N-Heterocycles

Risk factors of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 869-876页

作者： Chu-Han Ma Cong-Yao Wang ting-ting Dai ting-ting chen Wen-Hui Zhu Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the difference in risk factors between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy(NAION)and central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)and develop a predictive diagnostic ***:The study included 37 patients with monocular NAION,20 with monocular CRAO,and 24 with ***,age,and systemic diseases were *** routine,lipids,hemorheology,carotid and brachial artery doppler ultrasound,and echocardiography were *** optic disc area,cup area,and cup-to-disc ratio(C/D)of the unaffected eye in the NAION and CRAO group and the right eye in the hypertension group were ***:The carotid artery intimal medial thickness(C-IMT)of the affected side of the CRAO group was thicker(P=0.039)and its flow-mediated dilation(FMD)was lower(P=0.049)than the NAION *** with hypertension patients,NAION patients had higher whole blood reduced viscosity low-shear(WBRV-L)and erythrocyte aggregation index(EAI;P=0.045,0.037),and CRAO patients had higher index of rigidity of erythrocyte(IR)and erythrocyte deformation index(EDI;P=0.004,0.001).The optic cup and the C/D of the NAION group were smaller than the other two groups(P<0.0001).The diagnostic prediction model showed high diagnostic specificity(83.7%)and sensitivity(85.6%),which was highly related to hypertension,the C-IMT of the affected side,FMD,platelet(PLT),EAI,and C/***:CRAO patients show thicker C-IMT and worse endothelial function than *** and CRAO may be related to abnormal hemorheology.A small cup and small C/D may be involved in *** diagnostic nomogram can be used to preliminarily identify NAION and CRAO.

关键词： non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy central retinal artery occlusion risk factors diagnostic prediction model nomogram

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 239-249页

作者： Guang-Xiang Gu Shu-ting Pan Yi-chen Fan chen chen Qiang Xia Department of Liver Surgery Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo.160 Pujian RoadPudong New DistrictShanghai 200128China Department of Liver Transplantation Sun Yet-Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityNo.107 Yanjiang West RoadGuangzhou 510080China Clinical Center for Investigation Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Background Liver transplantation is the main treatment for cholestatic liver disease and some metabolic liver diseases in ***,no accurate prediction model to determine the survival probability of grafts prior to surgery *** study aimed to develop an effective prognostic model for allograft survival after pediatric liver *** This retrospective cohort study included 2032 patients who underwent pediatric liver transplantation between January 1,2006,and January 1,2020.A nomogram was developed using Cox regression and validated based on bootstrap *** and discriminatory accuracies were determined using the concordance index and visualized using calibration curves;net benefits were calculated for model *** online Shiny application was developed for easy access to the *** Multivariable analysis demonstrated that preoperative diagnosis,recipient age,body weight,graft type,preoperative total bilirubin,interleukin-1β,portal venous blood flow direction,spleen thickness,and the presence of heart disease and cholangitis were independent factors for survival,all of which were selected in the *** of the nomogram indicated that the 1-,3-,and 5-year predicted survival rates agreed with the actual survival *** concordance indices for graft survival at 1,3,and 5 years were 0.776,0.757,and 0.753,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scoring *** allograft dysfunction risk of a recipient could be easily predicted using the following URL:https://***/ASPELT/l Conclusion The allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation(ASPELT)score model can effectively predict the graft survival rate after liver transplantation in children,providing a simple and convenient evaluation method for clinicians and patients.

关键词： Allograft survival Nomogram Pediatric liver transplantation

Evidence-Based Dampness-Heat ZHENG(Syndrome) in Cancer: Current Progress toward Establishing Relevant Animal Model with Pancreatic Tumor

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 85-95页

作者： JIAO Ju-ying chenG chien-shan CAO Zhang-qi chen Lian-yu chen Zhen Department of Integrative Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai(200032)China Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai(200032)China

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting the health of human beings. With limited therapeutic options available, complementary and alternative medicine has been widely adopted in cancer management and is increasingly becoming accepted by both patients and healthcare workers alike. Chinese medicine characterized by its unique diagnostic and treatment system is the most widely applied complementary and alternative medicine. It emphasizes symptoms and ZHENG(syndrome)-based treatment combined with contemporary disease diagnosis and further stratifies patients into individualized medicine subgroups. As a representative cancer with the highest degree of malignancy, pancreatic cancer is traditionally classified into the "amassment and accumulation". Emerging perspectives define the core pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer as "dampness-heat" and the respective treatment "clearing heat and resolving dampness" has been demonstrated to prolong survival in pancreatic cancer patients, as has been observed in many other cancers. This clinical advantage encourages an exploration of the essence of dampness-heat ZHENG(DHZ) in cancer and investigation into underlying mechanisms of action of herbal formulations against dampness-heat. However, at present, there is a lack of understanding of the molecular characteristics of DHZ in cancer and no standardized and widely accepted animal model to study this core syndrome in vivo. The shortage of animal models limits the ability to uncover the antitumor mechanisms of herbal medicines and to assess the safety profile of the natural products derived from them. This review summarizes the current research on DHZ in cancer in terms of the clinical aspects, molecular landscape, and animal models. This study aims to provide comprehensive insight that can be used for the establishment of a future standardized ZHENG-based cancer animal model.

关键词： cancer Chinese medicine syndrome ZHENG dampness-heat syndrome animal model pancreatic tumor evaluation methods

A Spectral Convolutional Neural Network Model Based on Adaptive Fick’s Law for Hyperspectral Image Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 19-46页

作者： Tsu-Yang Wu Haonan Li Saru Kumari chien-Ming chen School of Artificial Intelligence(School of Future Technology) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Department of Mathematics Chaudhary Charan Singh UniversityMeerutUttar Pradesh250004India

Hyperspectral image classification stands as a pivotal task within the field of remote sensing,yet achieving highprecision classification remains a significant *** response to this challenge,a Spectral Convolutional Neural Network model based on Adaptive Fick’s Law Algorithm(AFLA-SCNN)is *** Adaptive Fick’s Law Algorithm(AFLA)constitutes a novel metaheuristic algorithm introduced herein,encompassing three new strategies:Adaptive weight factor,Gaussian mutation,and probability update *** adaptive weight factor,the algorithmcan adjust theweights according to the change in the number of iterations to improve the performance of the *** helps the algorithm avoid falling into local optimal solutions and improves the searchability of the *** probability update strategy helps to improve the exploitability and adaptability of the *** the AFLA-SCNN model,AFLA is employed to optimize two hyperparameters in the SCNN model,namely,“numEpochs”and“miniBatchSize”,to attain their optimal ***’s performance is initially validated across 28 functions in 10D,30D,and 50D for CEC2013 and 29 functions in 10D,30D,and 50D for *** results indicate AFLA’s marked performance superiority over nine other prominent optimization ***,the AFLA-SCNN model was compared with the Spectral Convolutional Neural Network model based on Fick’s Law Algorithm(FLA-SCNN),Spectral Convolutional Neural Network model based on Harris Hawks Optimization(HHO-SCNN),Spectral Convolutional Neural Network model based onDifferential Evolution(DE-SCNN),SpectralConvolutionalNeuralNetwork(SCNN)model,and SupportVector Machines(SVM)model using the Indian Pines dataset and PaviaUniversity *** experimental results show that the AFLA-SCNN model outperforms other models in terms of Accuracy,Precision,Recall,and F1-score on Indian Pines and Pavia *** them,the Accuracy of the AFLA-SCNN model on India

关键词： Adaptive Fick’s law algorithm spectral convolutional neural network metaheuristic algorithm intelligent optimization algorithm hyperspectral image classification

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs):advances in structures,mechanisms,and drug discovery

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1938-1980页

作者： Mingyang Zhang ting chen Xun Lu Xiaobing Lan Ziqiang chen Shaoyong Lu Key Laboratory of Protection Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan AreaMinistry of EducationPeptide&Protein Drug Research CenterSchool of PharmacyNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004China Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Cardiology Changzheng HospitalAffiliated to Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China Department of Orthopedics Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets,play a role in maintaining numerous physiological *** or antagonist,orthosteric effects or allosteric effects,and biased signaling or balanced signaling,characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic *** this study,we first review the structural advancements,activation mechanisms,and functional diversity of *** then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five ***,an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric ***,we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure-or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.

关键词： steric designing mechanisms