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Defects in Concrete Elements: A Study of Residential Buildings of 30 Years and above in Onitsha Metropolis, Anambra State, Nigeria

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2022年第3期10卷 102-123页

作者： chiamaka ogochukwu obiora Fidelis Okechukwu Ezeokoli Chritopher Chidi Belonwu Francisca Nkachukwu Okeke Department of Building Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Building Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Amasoma Bayelsa State Nigeria Department of Quantity Surveying Enugu State University of Science and Technology Agbani Enugu State Nigeria

Building defect is an issue in existing buildings that needs urgent tackling to prevent further problems. This study assessed the defects in concrete elements in residential buildings of 30 years and above in the Onitsha metropolis of Anambra State, Nigeria. Data collection instruments in the study include structured questionnaire, interviews, visual inspection/observations, archival records, recordings, photographs;and non-destructive testing of the concrete elements in an existing building in the study area. The population of this study constituted of the construction registered professionals and the existing buildings in study area. The sample for the study was based on the calculated sample size using Taro Yamani Formula. A total of 158 registered professionals were sampled from the population of 260. The questionnaires were purposively distributed to the registered professionals up to the required sample sizes of 158 and 129 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. The study used the SPSS and Microsoft Excel to analyze the data. The results were analyzed in percentages and figures using descriptive statistics and presented in the form of pie charts and tables. The finding of the study revealed that the causes and effects of structural defects on the concrete elements in existing buildings in the study area according to the rating are;exposed/corrosion of the embedded metals, faulty workmanship, overload and impacts, chemical attack, freeze-thaw deterioration, fire/heat, restraint to volume change. The visual observation revealed that the structural elements are characterized by heavy defects such as deep vertical, horizontal and diagonal cracks, exposed/ corrosion of the embedded metals, spalling of the concrete slabs. The existence of defects in the concrete members led to the low compressive strength of the concrete elements and the structural instability of the existing buildings as revealed by the non-destructive test. The non-destructive test resu

关键词： Construction Industry Building Professionals Concrete Elements Defects Residential Buildings Structural Stability Non-Destructive Test Compressive Strength

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Nauclea latifolia aqueous leaf extract eliminates hepatic and cerebral Plasmodium berghei parasite in experimental mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第7期5卷 538-543页

作者： Innocent Onyesom Ejovi Osioma Precious chiamaka Okereke Department of Medical Biochemistry Delta State University African Research Laboratories Otorho Agbon (Isiokolo)Ethiope East Delta State Nigeria

Objective: To assess the effects of hot water leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia(N. latifolia) on antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation values and parasite levels in hepatic and brain tissue of experimental mice(BALB/c) infected with Plasmodium berghei(P. berghei) ***: Forty nine mice were divided into seven groups(n = 7) and used for the study. Group A(control) were given 0.2 m L/kg phosphate buffer saline; Group B mice were infected with P. berghei and treated with phosphate buffer saline. Groups C and D mice were also infected but treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of leaf extract respectively. Groups E and F mice were not infected, but received 200 and 300 mg/kg of leaf extract respectively. Group G mice were infected and treated with chloroquine(5 mg/kg). Liver and brain tissues of mice were prepared for both biochemical assay and microscopic examination. Results: Results showed that P. berghei malaria infection induced oxidative stress in both liver and brain tissues as evidenced by the significant(P < 0.05) decrease in antioxidants: superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase. These reductions perhaps caused compromise in membrane integrity as indicated by the significant increase in lipid peroxidation product malondialdhyde. Malaria parasites were also identified in these tissues. However, N. latifolia treatment eliminated the parasites in tissues and protected them from oxidative damage even better than chloroquine treatment did, whose anti-malarial potency also cleared tissue parasites. The measurement of protection by N. latifolia against damage was strengthened by the insignificant micro structural ***: The bioactive phytochemical(s) in N. latifolia should be structured and the mechanism(s) of its antimalarial tendency should be further investigated.

关键词： Nuclea latifolia Plasmodium berghei Oxidative damage Cerebral malaria Antioxidative status

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Nutritional Status and Virological Outcomes of Children HIV Positive Attending Anti-Retroviral Clinic at University College Hospital, Ibadan

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1088-1097页

作者： chiamaka Okafor Grace Fadupin Regina Oladokun Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Public Health College of Medicine University of IbadanIbadan Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Medicine University of IbadanIbadan Nigeria

Malnutrition has been reported as a major factor contributing to the poor outcome of effective ART in HIV infection. This study aimed to describe the relationship between the nutritional status and virological outcome of the children attending the antiretroviral clinic at University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Nigeria. Among the 159 (55.3% males and 44.7% females) children studied, almost half (42.8%) were orphans and the majority 56.6% were aged 120 - 180 months old. More than half (74.2%) had achieved viral suppression and significant associations were observed between viral load and stunting as well as between CD4 count and the age of the children (P 0.05). The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 27.7%, 9.4%, and 13.6% respectively. These indices reinforce the need for nutrition education and the provision of food supplements to improve the nutritional status of children infected with HIV.

关键词： Dietary Pattern Nutritional Status HIV Children Nutrient Intake

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国际组织在地区冲突解决中的角色——以联合国在苏丹冲突中的角色为例

国际组织在地区冲突解决中的角色——以联合国在苏丹冲突中的角色...

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作者： Nlebedum chiamaka Anthonia 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本论文分析了联合国在解决不同国家内部的冲突中扮演了什么样的角色,本论文分析的案例是第一次苏丹内战。苏丹国内的冲突是一个糟糕的噩梦,它发生苏丹在人力资源处于劣势情况下,其在政治上、伦理上、宗教上还有财富的积累规模对邻国产... 详细信息

本论文分析了联合国在解决不同国家内部的冲突中扮演了什么样的角色,本论文分析的案例是第一次苏丹内战。苏丹国内的冲突是一个糟糕的噩梦,它发生苏丹在人力资源处于劣势情况下,其在政治上、伦理上、宗教上还有财富的积累规模对邻国产生严重影响,且不管此国空前的冲突本性,联合国和国际社会在最开始的干涉行动中几乎没有参与,这导致了这些令人恐怖的情况加剧。尽管联合国随后进行了干涉,结束了冲突并且维护和平,但是有争议认为干涉行动是在很多人毫无理由地在进行抗争中付出了生命代价之后才进行的。本论文调查了联合国在倡议苏丹国内冲突和平解决中扮演的角色,后者经历了从1955年——1972年(第一次世界大战)几十年的血腥内战。冲突的产生是因为南北苏丹人民来自自然资源的收入分配的不公平以及宗教分歧,北部苏丹人信奉伊斯兰教并且想推行伊斯兰教教法,与此同时南方苏丹人是基督徒所以他们不愿意放弃自己的文化和信仰,这就导致了两方互相产生敌意和怨恨。还有政府的席位一直被穆斯林占领,南方的基督徒受到了忽视。在1956年苏丹从殖民地独立后,南方人开始寻求分配公平和议席的分配但是北方人不愿意顺从,所以冲突开始增长并且人们开始选择阵营,当冲突升级后,双方都开始互相杀戮并且摧毁价值百万的财产,射杀公民,滥用国际人权关注的底线,这些都呈现了援助的必要性,以使无辜的生命从致命的政治、伦理、宗教和经济的斗争中受到保护,这些对人性威胁击败了了当时的社会秩序。本论文旨在揭露联合国在首倡解决苏丹冲突时所扮演的角色,也会分析以下问题:(1)为什么苏丹国内的冲突在联合国认为干涉行动成功后依然严重?(2)为什么联合国在某国开始另一次维和行动,但此国之前的维和行动已经被宣称是成功的?(3)为什么联合国在倡议和平时要通过不同的动态同步方法?本论文探讨了联合国在上述的冲突中的干涉和执行任务是不能保证未来在非洲不会再发生冲突的,原因是联合国在改革后更加关注维持一个参与政治的高调姿态,不愿意再次缺席,联合国关于达成解决非洲冲突的方式对冲突发生的本源和基础是非决定性的。这意味着导致冲突发展的基础的核心问题因为联合国的理念中政治性的一面被忽视了,因此为混乱情况的再次发生做了铺垫。在这里要重要强调,苏丹并不是非洲大陆上第一个目睹联合国以寻求避免深深根植的冲突再次发生为目标的干涉行动。本论文强调了联合国的改革战略,并且分析了联合国的改革还是不足以预防冲突在未来发生。尽管和平是暂时的,但对于这个使国家陷入彻底的混乱的缺陷的严肃的考量和改正将会帮助稳定和平并且使冲突严重的国家里的人民理解和谐治理。定性研究方法被运用来呈现此研究中的个体冲突情况将联合国的角色引入为第三方中介变量。对比分析方法也被应用,通过观察联合国作为世界性实体在冲突中所扮演的角色而实施这个分析方法,还分析第三方中介变量的影响是与成功还是失败相关联。每一章节都以简介,背景的详细解释,研究的重要性,到研究方法和研究问题,再到建构主义的理论应用为结构展开。第二章节解释了苏丹冲突及冲突的过程,第三章节阐释了联合国改革的过程和目的,也阐释了联合国在冷战后的改革和预防冲突的管理。第四章节主要关注点是联合国南苏丹特派团,建立联合国南苏丹特派团的提议,以其建立为结尾,其建立时间是在联合国从苏丹解放南苏丹的第一次行动时。第五章节解释了联合国在解决苏丹冲突问题中所扮演的角色,还解释了政治情况、选举和公投、安全部门、裁军、复员、重新融合、人权和性别等问题。所有这些在联合国倡议和平的过程中扮演了至关重要的角色。第六章节给出了一个关于本研究的简洁分析。本研究为对外政策分析的文献做出了贡献,论文强调了联合国的改革身份并且分析了联合国的改革实践还是不足以预防未来冲突的发生,和平只是暂时的,对于这个使国家陷入彻底的混乱的缺陷的严肃的考量和改正将会帮助稳定和平并且使冲突严重的国家理解和谐治理。

关键词：联合国苏丹干涉

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension confirmed by right heart catheterization following COVID-19 pneumonia: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Respirology 2023年第1期12卷 10-15页

作者： Marshaleen Henriques King Ifeoma chiamaka Ogbuka Vincent C Bond Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Hospital Medicine Covenant HealthKnoxvilleTN 37922United States Department of Microbiology Biochemistry&ImmunologyMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)is a disease of the arterioles resulting in an increased resistance in pulmonary circulation with associated high pressures in the pulmonary arteries,causing irreversible remodeling of the pulmonary arterial *** disease 2019(COVID-19)has been associated with development of new onset PAH in the literature leading to symptoms of dyspnea,cough and fatigue that persist in spite of resolution of acute COVID-19 ***,the majority of these cases of COVID related PAH were diagnosed using echocardiographic data or via right heart catheterization in mechanically ventilated *** SUMMARY Our case is the first reported case of COVID related PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization in a non-mechanically ventilated *** heart catheterization has been the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary *** patient had right heart catheterization four months after her initial COVID-19 infection due to persistent *** This revealed new onset PAH that developed following her infection with COVID-19,an emerging sequela of the infection.

关键词： Pulmonary arterial hypertension post COVID-19 infection PAH after COVID-19 infection COVID-19 induced Pulmonary arterial hypertension diagnosed with right heart catheterization Pulmonary arterial hypertension Pulmonary arterial hypertension Right heart catheterization Right heart catheterization COVID-19

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尼日利亚大学中文系学生汉语学习动机研究 ——以纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学和拉各斯大学为例

尼日利亚大学中文系学生汉语学习动机研究 ...

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作者：吴静（UZOWULU chiamaka JOY）河北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

学习动机是影响学习者学习效果的一个重要因素,对于第二语言的学习来说也不例外。目前有关汉语学习动机的研究越来越受到广大学者的关注,许多专家学者已经对众多不同国家中文系学习者的动机进行研究,并取得了丰富的成果。本文借鉴了国... 详细信息

学习动机是影响学习者学习效果的一个重要因素,对于第二语言的学习来说也不例外。目前有关汉语学习动机的研究越来越受到广大学者的关注,许多专家学者已经对众多不同国家中文系学习者的动机进行研究,并取得了丰富的成果。本文借鉴了国内外有关学习动机的相关研究成果,以调查问卷形式对尼日利亚纳姆迪·阿齐克韦大学中文系学习者和拉各斯大学中文系学习者进行了学习动机的调查,目的是通过调查分析能够找出影响尼日利亚大学中文系学习者学习动机的影响因素,并在此基础上提出相关的建议以为学习者培养良好的学习动机提供帮助。经笔者调查发现,影响尼日利亚大学中文系学习者学习动机的影响因素包括:年级因素、性别因素、教师教学方式因素、教师性格对学习者影响因素、教材内容因素和个人追求因素。本文详细分析了这6种影响因素给尼日利亚大学中文系学习者汉语学习动机带来的影响,并在充分考虑尼日利亚大学实际教学情况的条件下根据这些影响因素从学院层面、教师层面、教学方法层面、教材层面和学习者层面提出了相关建议,目的是希望能够通过这些笔者提出的建议帮助学习者培养良好的学习动机,以提升他们汉语学习的效果。

关键词：汉语学习者学习动机影响因素

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Modeling a Dynamic Supply Chain Management System for an Utility Company in Nigeria

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2018年第6期11卷 275-284页

作者： Moses Okechukwu Onyesolu Josiah Chukwuemeka Abara chiamaka Ijeoma Chukwuneke Doris Chinedu Asogwa Department of Computer Science Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Physics/Electronics Federal Polytechnic Owerri Nigeria

Service and repair companies, big stores, industries and power companies having complex issues on inventory brought this idea for solution. The inventory department of PHCN generating unit has obsolete and sometimes non-availability of materials. The company faces maintenance, repairs, replacement demands and outage-related problems. In order to cater for these demands, some classifications that would aid PHCN in making effective decisions as regards spare or service parts were made. This research has developed inventory control system that provides automated inventory management system and graphical interface ability for decision making. This is to “right-size” inventories such that the total level of inventory held can be reduced and replenished without exposing the company to risk of stock-out. The system is a model for dynamic supply chain management using spare parts inventory policy tools to enable PHCN to dynamically perform continuous review, one to one lot, service differentiation, backordering, demand lead time, threshold rationing and clearing mechanism.

关键词： Inventory Management Lead Time Maintenance Replacement Stochastic Demand

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不同氮水平下内生固氮菌对入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊生长策略的影响

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植物生态学报 2023年第2期47卷 195-205页

作者：汪晶晶王嘉浩黄致云 Vanessa chiamaka OKECHUKW 胡蝶祁珊珊戴志聪杜道林江苏大学环境与安全工程学院江苏镇江212013 江苏大学农业工程学院现代农业装备与技术教育部重点实验室江苏镇江212013 江苏省水处理技术与材料协同创新中心苏州科技学院江苏苏州215009

很多因素可以影响外来植物的入侵性,其中内生菌可能扮演了极其重要的角色。为了探究内生固氮菌对入侵植物生长策略的影响,本研究分别在高和低两种氮水平下,种植接种和不接种内生固氮菌的入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Sphagneticola trilobata)和... 详细信息

很多因素可以影响外来植物的入侵性,其中内生菌可能扮演了极其重要的角色。为了探究内生固氮菌对入侵植物生长策略的影响,本研究分别在高和低两种氮水平下,种植接种和不接种内生固氮菌的入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Sphagneticola trilobata)和同属本地植物蟛蜞菊(***),对比研究它们的生长和氮含量。从南美蟛蜞菊茎段分离出内生固氮菌Kosakonia ***-JS007,发现其对南美蟛蜞菊和蟛蜞菊这两种植物生长策略的影响存在显著差异,且这种差异不受氮水平的影响。在低氮处理下,接种WTB-JS007对蟛蜞菊的生长及植株氮含量没有显著影响,但显著提高了南美蟛蜞菊的地上生物量(30.48%),促进了匍匐茎的伸长,减少了地下生物量(56.58%),并提高了植株总氮含量(47.51%)。类似地,在高氮水平下,内生固氮菌亦显著影响南美蟛蜞菊地上部分的生长,但对蟛蜞菊生长的影响不显著。这些结果表明,内生固氮菌对入侵和非入侵植物生长、生物量分配及氮获取的影响存在显著差异,而这种生长策略的差异有利于入侵植物地上部分的快速生长与扩张,从而提高其入侵性。

关键词：入侵植物无菌培养体系氮生长策略新生境扩张

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Evaluation of the Nutritional Status and Phytomedicinal Properties of Dried Rhizomes of Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i>)

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第8期8卷 163-179页

作者： Victor Henry Azubuike Enemor Uchechukwu Chibuzo Ogbodo Ogechukwu Frances Nworji Obiajulu Christian Ezeigwe Chukwuemeka Obumneme Okpala Gloria chiamaka Iheonunekwu Department of Applied Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and has long been used traditionally for centuries as a spice and medicinal elixir. Hence, the present study aimed to profile the nutritional and phytomedicinal properties of the plant in order to justify its relevance in traditional phytomedicine and advocate its application in novel pharmacological products. Using standard methods (High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry), the dried rhizomes were washed, pulverized and ethanol extracts subjected to proximate, phytochemical, vitamins, amino acid and mineral determinations. Data obtained were analyzed using student’s t-test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Determined proximate indices indicated moisture content of 9.55%, carbohydrate (57.30%), ash (24.70%), crude fiber (1.12%), proteins (2.15%) and fat (5.32%). Mineral composition analyses showed that C. longa rhizomes had higher contents of calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in parts per million (ppm) at 38.68 ± 0.114, 19.75 ± 0.001, 9.20 ± 0.002 and 7.06 ± 0.014 respectively. Amino acid profile revealed the presence of both essential and non-essential types with aspartate and glutamate in higher contents at 9.78 g/100 g and 9.65 g/100 g, respectively. Findings showed also the presence of vitamins A, C and D at 254.5 ± 2.19 mg/kg, 19.47 ± 0.16 mg/kg and 10.92 ± 0.92 mg/kg, respectively. Phytochemical analyses showed the presence of phenolic compounds with high retention times. This study thus revealed that C. longa possesses various nutritional and pharmacological/medicinal components in considerable quantities and can provide the body with basic nutrients for its therapeutic needs as well as secondary compounds with tremendous phytomedicinal potentials.

关键词： Curcuma longa Nutritional Phytomedicine Traditional Rhizomes

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Hyperuricemia in Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Risk Factors, Prevalence and Clinical Correlates: A Descriptive Comparative Study

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021年第9期12卷 386-401页

作者： Peter K. Uduagbamen John O. Ogunkoya Abdallah O. AdebolaYusuf A. T. Oyelese Chukwuyerem I. Nwogbe chiamaka J. Ofoh Chukwuma Anyaele Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine Ben Carson (Snr) School of Medicine Babcock University/Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Pulmonology Unit Department of Internal Medicine Ben Carson (Snr) School of Medicine Babcock University/Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Division of Radiodiagnosis Department of Surgery Ben Carson (Snr) School of Medicine Babcock University/Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan-Remo Nigeria Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Ben Carson (Snr) School of Medicine Babcock University/Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilishan-Remo Nigeria

Introduction: Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism and elevated serum concentration are very common in, and linked with hypertension and chronic kidney disease, conditions associated with heavy health burden and cardiovascular complications particularly in sub Sahara Africa. An assessment of factors relating hyperuricemia to hypertension and chronic kidney disease would therefore be necessary as way of mitigating the poor quality of life, morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases in low income nations. Methods: A single centre, descriptive comparative study in which the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of hypertensive and non-dialyzed chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were analyzed. Serum biochemical parameters with uric acid, hematocrit and urine dip strip protein were assessed. Predictors of hyperuricemia were determined using multivariate analysis. Results: One hundred and thirty nine hypertensives and 69 CKD were studied. The mean age of the participants was 54.3 ± 11.7 years, hypertensives (52.9 ± 15.7 years) and CKD (57.3 ± 16.1 years). Both groups had more males, P = 0.8. Majority (78.3%) of the CKD cohorts had stage 4 or 5 (non-dialyzed) disease. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, creatinine and uric acid were lower in hypertension than in CKD, P = 0.07, P = 0.05, P < 0.001 and P = 0.004 respectively. The hematocrit, albumin and GFR were higher in HTN than CKD, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 56.2%. The mean uric acid was 505.9 ± 23.6 mmol/L, 382 7 ± 10.5 mmol/L for hypertensive and 755.9 ± 14.8 mmol/L for CKD, P < 0.001. The prevalence of systolic HTN, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and anemia were 51%, 75%, 46% and 59%, and were higher in males. Hyperuricemia was related to advancing age, proteinuria, elevated creatinine, hypoalbuminemia, anemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Proteinuria (OR—4.66, 95% CI—2.42 - 9.65), el

关键词： Hyperuricemia Hypertension Chronic Kidney Disease Anemia Hypoalbuminemia Inflammation Atherosclerosis Reactive Oxygen Specie

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