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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

Nanozyme-mediated elemental biogeochemical cycling and environmental effects

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Science china Earth Sciences 2021年第7期64卷 1015-1025页

作者： Zhi-lai chi Guang-Hui YU Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System ScienceTianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai RimBohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research StationTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China College of Resources&Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

In Earth systems,thousands of terragrams(Tg)(1 Tg=10^(12) g)of mineral nanoparticles move around *** mineral nanoparticles have exhibited unexpected intrinsic enzyme-like characteristics(so called“mineral nanozymes”),and are ubiquitously distributed in natural ecosystems such as the atmosphere,oceans,waters,and *** with natural enzymes,these mineral nanozymes have several advantages such as tunable catalytic efficiency and robustness to harsh conditions,e.g.,heat,acid,and alkaline *** mineral nanozymes are new products of multidisciplinary cross-cutting,they have been widely applied in various *** review,for the first time,systematically introduces the species and properties of mineral nanozymes in Earth systems,discusses the critical roles played by nanozymes in environmental biogeochemical cycles,compiles the interfacial processes and mechanisms of mineral nanozymes,and provides an overview of the future prospects of mineral nanozymes.

关键词： Nanozymes Peroxidase Nanominerals Reactive oxygen species Biogeochemical cycles

Meningeal lymphatic vessel crosstalk with central nervous system immune cells in aging and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 763-778页

作者： minghuang Gao Xinyue Wang Shijie Su Weicheng Feng Yaona lai Kongli Huang Dandan Cao Qi Wang Science and Technology Innovation Center Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina The Sixth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Meningeal lymphatic vessels form a relationship between the nervous system and periphery, which is relevant in both health and disease. Meningeal lymphatic vessels not only play a key role in the drainage of brain metabolites but also contribute to antigen delivery and immune cell activation. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of myeloid and lymphoid cells and their interactions with meningeal lymphatic vessels within the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels within the context of the central nervous system immune network, highlighting recent discoveries on the immunological niche provided by meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms of crosstalk between meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells in the central nervous system under both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, discussing how these interactions shape the pathological outcomes. Regulation of meningeal lymphatic vessel function and structure can influence lymphatic drainage, cerebrospinal fluid-borne immune modulators, and immune cell populations in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby playing a key role in shaping meningeal and brain parenchyma immunity.

关键词： central nervous system meningeal lymphatic vessels immunity myeloid cells lymphatic cells neurodegenerative disease

Structural Modal Parameter Recognition and Related Damage Identification Methods under Environmental Excitations: A Review

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 25-54页

作者： Chao Zhang Shang-Xi lai Hua-Ping Wang School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials and Structural Design Ministry of EducationLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the ***,it is particularly signiﬁcant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientiﬁc basis for structural damage identiﬁcation and dynamic model modiﬁ*** view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and brieﬂy describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal *** paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),brieﬂy describes damage identiﬁcation methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artiﬁcial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identiﬁcation is further *** on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identiﬁcation methods are given to provide scientiﬁc references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.

关键词： Structural health monitoring data information modal parameters damage identiﬁcation AI method

Nicotine-induced dopamine plasticity: a gateway to neurotransmitter replacement?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 73-74页

作者： I-chi lai Davide Dulcis Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine University of California San Diego

Nicotine,the principal neuroactive component of tobacco,acts on the reward systems of smokers,inducing *** evidence indicates that nicotine-induced addiction alters the activity of dopaminergic neurons within reward-processing brain *** effect of developmental nicotine exposure on neuroplasticity of identified reward neurocircuitry in the adult is finally emerging and begins to be understood at the molecular,cellular,and behavioral level(Romoli et al.,2019).

关键词： plasticity smoke gateway

Establishment of human cerebral organoid systems to model early neural development and assess the central neurotoxicity of environmental toxins

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 242-252页

作者： Daiyu Hu Yuanqing Cao Chenglin Cai Guangming Wang Min Zhou Luying Peng Yantao Fan Qiong lai Zhengliang Gao Fundamental Research Center Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital(Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center)School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Institute of Geriatrics(Shanghai University) Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University(The Sixth People’s Hospital of Nantong)Shanghai University School of MedicineNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Shanghai University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina

Human brain development is a complex process,and animal models often have significant *** address this,researchers have developed pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional structures,known as brain-like organoids,to more accurately model early human brain development and *** enable more consistent and intuitive reproduction of early brain development,in this study,we incorporated forebrain organoid culture technology into the traditional unguided method of brain organoid *** involved embedding organoids in matrigel for only 7 days during the rapid expansion phase of the neural epithelium and then removing them from the matrigel for further cultivation,resulting in a new type of human brain organoid *** cerebral organoid system replicated the temporospatial characteristics of early human brain development,including neuroepithelium derivation,neural progenitor cell production and maintenance,neuron differentiation and migration,and cortical layer patterning and formation,providing more consistent and reproducible organoids for developmental modeling and toxicology *** a proof of concept,we applied the heavy metal cadmium to this newly improved organoid system to test whether it could be used to evaluate the neurotoxicity of environmental *** organoids exposed to cadmium for 7 or 14 days manifested severe damage and abnormalities in their neurodevelopmental patterns,including bursts of cortical cell death and premature *** exposure caused progressive depletion of neural progenitor cells and loss of organoid integrity,accompanied by compensatory cell proliferation at ectopic *** convenience,flexibility,and controllability of this newly developed organoid platform make it a powerful and affordable alternative to animal models for use in neurodevelopmental,neurological,and neurotoxicological studies.

关键词： cadmium cell death cell proliferation cortical development environmental toxins neural progenitor cells neurogenesis neurotoxicology organoids stem cells

The nucleolus: reviewing oldies to have new understandings

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Cell Research 2006年第6期16卷 10+531-538页

作者： SzechengJLo chi-ChangLee Huey-Jen lai Department of Life Science Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science259Wen-Hwa 1st RoadChang Gung UniversityTao Yuan 333 Institute of Mierobiology and Immunology National Yang Ming UniversityTaipei 112

The nucleolus is the most prominent compartment in the nucleus and known as the site for ribosome biogenesis *** contrast,there is no such equivalent structure for ribosome synthesis in *** raises twoconcerns that how does the nucleolus evolve and that whether the nucleolus remains playing a single role in ribosomebiogenesis along the *** data support new nucleolus functions,including signal recognition particleassembly,small RNA modification,telomerase maturation,cell-cycle and aging control,and cell stress *** of the nucleolus possibly result from the plurifunctionality of nucleolar proteins,such as nucleolin and Nopp *** analyses of human and Arabidopsis nucleolus lead a remarkable progress in understanding the evolution andnew functions of *** this review,we present a brief history of nucleolus research and new concepts and unre-solved ***,we introduce hepatitis D virus for studying the communication between the nucleolus and othersubnuclear compartments,and Caenorhabditis elegans for the role of nucleolus in the development and the epistaticcontrol of nucleologenesis.

关键词： evolution of the nucleolus HDV Nopp 140 nucleolin nucleolome

An evaluation of the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-treated primary dental pulp cells with regard to calcium silicate-based cements

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第2期6卷 94-98页

作者： Wei-Yun lai chia-Tze Kao chi-Jr Hung Tsui-Hsien Huang ming-You Shie School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Department of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital Institute of Oral Science Chung Shan Medical University

This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-treated dental pulp （DP） cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） and calcium silicate （CS） cements. DP cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Then, the LPS-treated DP cells were cultured on MTA or CS cements. Cell viability, cell death mechanism and interleukin （IL）-1β expressions were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the means. A significantly higher IL-1β expression （2.9-fold） was found for LPS-treated cells （P〈0.05） compared with DP cells without LPS treatment at 24 h. Absorbance values of LPS-treated cells cultured on CS cement were higher than a tissue culture plate. A significant difference （P〈0.05） in cell viability was observed between cells on CS and MTA cements 24 h after seeding. At 48 h, a high concentration of Si （5 mM） was released from MTA, which induced LPS-treated DP cell apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that CS cement is biocompatible with cultured LPS-treated DP cells. MTA stimulates inflammation in LPS-treated DP cells, which leads to greater IL-1β expression and apoptosis.

关键词： calcium silicate cement dental pulp cell mineral trioxide aggregate immune response interleukin-1β

A New H^2 Regularity Condition of the Solution to Dirichlet Problem of the Poisson Equation and Its Applications

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2020年第1期36卷 21-39页

作者： Fu Chang GAO ming Jun lai Department of Mathematics University of IdahoMoscowID 83844 Department of Mathematics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602

We study the regularity of the solution of Dirichlet problem of Poisson equations over a bounded domain.A new sufficient condition,uniformly positive reach is *** the assumption that the closure of the underlying domain of interest has a uniformly positive reach,the H^2 regularity of the solution of the Poisson equation is *** particular,this includes all star-shaped domains whose closures are of positive reach,regardless if they are Lipschitz domains or non-Lipschitz *** to the strong solution to the second order elliptic PDE in non-divergence form and the regularity of Helmholtz equations will be presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the new regularity condition.

关键词： Regularity Poisson equations uniformly positive reach non-divergence form