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Pathophysiological significance of increased α-synuclein deposition in sympathetic nerves in Parkinson’s disease: a post-mortem observational study

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 737-746页

作者： Risa Isonaka Patti sullivan David s.Goldstein Autonomic Medicine section Clinical Neurosciences ProgramDivision of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by intra-neuronal deposition of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn) and by deficiencies of the catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) in the brain and heart. Accumulation of α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergic nerves may provide a useful PD biomarker;however, whether α-syn buildup is pathophysiological has been unclear. If it were, one would expect associations of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition with catecholaminergic denervation and with decreased NE contents in the same samples. Methods: We assayed immunoreactive α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a marker of catecholaminergic innerva-tion) concurrently with catecholamines in coded post-mortem scalp skin, submandibular gland (sMG), and apical left ventricular myocardial tissue samples from 14 patients with autopsy-proven PD and 12 age-matched control subjects who did not have a neurodegenerative disease. results: The PD group had increased α-syn in sympathetic noradrenergically innervated arrector pili muscles (5.7 times control, P sMG (35 times control, P = 0.0011), and myocardium (11 times control, P = 0.0011). Myocar-dial TH in the PD group was decreased by 65% compared to the control group (P = 0.0008), whereas the groups did not differ in TH in either arrector pili muscles or sMG. similarly, myocardial NE was decreased by 92% in the PD group (P s did not differ in NE in either scalp skin or sMG. Conclusions: PD entails increased α-syn in skin, sMG, and myocardial tissues. In skin and sMG, augmented α-syn deposition in sympathetic nerves does not seem to be pathogenic. The pathophysiological significance of intra-neuronal α-syn deposition appears to be organ-selective and prominent in the heart.

关键词： synuclein Tyrosine hydroxylase Norepinephrine Immunofluorescence Parkinson Post-mortem

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Donor's site evaluation after restoration with autografts or synthetic plugs in rabbits

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第4期5卷 550-556页

作者： Konstantinos s Intzoglou Dimitrios s Mastrokalos Dimitrios s Korres Kleo Papaparaskeva Dimitrios Koulalis George C Babis Laboratory for research of the Musculoskeletal system University of Athens Maroussi 14561 Greece 3rd Ortopaedic University Department "K.A.T." Hospital Maroussi Athens 14561 Greece 1st Orthopaedic University Department "ATTIKON" Hospital Haidari Athens 12462 Greece Pathology department Konstantinopouleion Hospital Nea Ionia Athens 14233 Greece

AIM: To investigate donor site's area histological and immunohistochemical knee cartilage appearances after resurfacing iatrogenic defects with biosynthetic plugs orautografts. METHODs: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. A full-thickness cylindrical defect of 4.5 mm(diameter) × 7 mm(depth) was created with a hand drill in the femoral groove of every animal. In Group A(n = 10) the defect of the donor site was re-paired with a biosynthetic osteochondral plug, in Group B(n = 10) with an osteochondral autograft, while in Group C(control group of 10) rabbits were left untreated. resULTs: Twenty-four weeks postoperatively, smooth articular cartilage was found macroscopically in some trocleas' surfaces; in all others, an articular surface with discontinuities was observed. Twenty-eight out of 30 animals were found with predominantly viable chondrocytes leaving the remaining two-which were found only in the control group- with partially viable chondrocytes. However, histology revealed many statistical differences between the groups as far as the International Cartilage repair society(ICRs) categories are concerned. Immunofluoresence also revealed the presence of collagen Ⅱ in all specimens of Group B, whereas in Group A collagen Ⅱ was found in less specimens. In Group C collagen Ⅱwas not found. CONCLUsION: The matrix, cell distribution, subchondral bone and cartilage mineralization ICRs categories showed statistically differences between the three groups. Group A was second, while group B received the best scores; the control group got the worst ICRs scores in these categories. so, the donor site area, when repairing osteochondral lesions with autografting systems, is better amended with osteochondral autograft rather than bone graft substitute implant.

关键词： Autografts synthetic plug Osteochondral defects Rabbit model animal study Donor site Immunofluoresence Histological evaluation International Cartilage repair society score

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Hydromagnetic thin film flow of Casson fluid in non-Darcy porous medium with Joule dissipation and Navier＇s partial slip

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第11期38卷 1613-1626页

作者： G.s.sETH R.TRIPATHI M.K.MIsHRA Department of Applied Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology (India School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 India

In this paper, the effects of viscous and Ohmic heating and heat genera- tion/absorption on magnetohydrodynamic flow of an electrically conducting Casson thin film fluid over an unsteady horizontal stretching sheet in a non-Darcy porous medium are investigated. The fluid is assumed to slip along the boundary of the sheet. similar- ity transformation is used to translate the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. A shooting technique in conjunction with the 4th order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the transformed equations. Computations are car- ried out for velocity and temperature of the fluid thin film along with local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number for a range of values of pertinent flow parameters. It is observed that the Casson parameter has the ability to enhance free surface velocity and film thickness, whereas the Forchheimer parameter, which, is responsible for the inertial drag has an adverse effect on the fluid velocity inside the film. The velocity slip along the boundary tends to decrease the fluid velocity. This investigation has various applications in engineering and in practical problems such as very large scale integration （VLsI） of electronic chips and film coating.

关键词： fluid thin film non-Darcy medium velocity slip unsteady stretching sheet,Joule dissipation heat generation/absorption

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Experimental Investigation on Friction Welding of UNs s32205 Duplex stainless steel

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2014年第6期27卷 995-1007页

作者： P. M. Ajith P. sathiya s. Aravindan Department of Production Engineering National Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

UNs s 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi（L16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding process parameters such as heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure, upsetting time, and speed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine capacity, and the required knowledge was acquired from the preliminary experiments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical properties of the joints. Microhardness variation, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomplete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and upsetting pressures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational speed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temperature and also at subzero（cryo） temperature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be superior to the fusion welds of duplex stainless steel at room temperature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the parent material.

关键词： Duplex stainless steel Hardness Tensile strength Toughness Microstructure Corrosion

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China's Foreign Direct Investments:Challenges of Due Diligence and Organizational Integration

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Economic and Political studies 2015年第2期3卷 112-143页

作者： ABDOL s.sOOFI Economics from University of Wisconsin

This paper critically reviews Chinese companies' foreign direct investment practices of recent years. Using case studies involving overseas Greenfield as well as merger and acquisition(M&A) of Chinese enterprises, we aim to draw lessons from these experiences. However, because of increasing importance of outbound acquisitions by Chinese companies, this paper focuses on Chinese M&A activities. After presenting the theoretical discussions of post-acquisition organizational integration, this paper identifies factors that have contributed to less than expected performances of Chinese foreign investments. Three main factors are identified as the plausible causes of the less than satisfactory outcomes: inadequate due diligence, not considering political and country risks, and cultural differences. In all cases, inexperience of Chinese enterprises in foreign direct investment, either in Greenfield form or M&A, has attributed to the problems. Therefore, summing the experiences of the Chinese enterprises that have foreign direct investment is essential for those Chinese investors that intend to invest overseas. Conduct of meaningful, in-depth due diligence before serious negotiations for investment or acquisition, inclusion of risk premium for political risk in cash flow analysis, and early post-merger integration planning are essential for avoidances of bitter outcomes many Chinese investors experienced overseas.

关键词： China’s cross-border direct investment China’s M&A

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The autophagy protein Atg9 functions in glia and contributes to parkinsonian symptoms in a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 1150-1155页

作者： shuanglong Yi Linfang Wang Margaret s.Ho shiping Zhang school of Life science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina College of Life sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits,dopaminergic neuron loss,and brain accumulation ofα-synuclein aggregates called Lewy *** in protein degradation pathways,such as autophagy,has been demonstrated in neurons as a critical mechanism for eliminating protein aggregates in Parkinson’s ***,it is less well understood how protein aggregates are eliminated in glia,the other cell type in the *** the present study,we show that autophagy-related gene 9(Atg9),the only transmembrane protein in the autophagy machinery,is highly expressed in Drosophila glia from adult *** from immunostaining and live cell imaging analysis reveal that a portion of Atg9 localizes to the trans-Golgi network,autophagosomes,and lysosomes in ***9 is persistently in contact with these *** glial atg9 reduces the number of omegasomes and autophagosomes,and impairs autophagic substrate *** suggests that glial Atg9 participates in the early steps of autophagy,and hence the control of autophagic ***,loss of glial atg9 induces parkinsonian symptoms in Drosophila including progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons,locomotion deficits,and glial *** findings identify a functional role of Atg9 in glial autophagy and establish a potential link between glial autophagy and Parkinson’s *** results may provide new insights on the underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： Atg9 autophagy glia Parkinson’s disease

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From Humanized Nature to Naturalized Humans-Li Zehou＇s Transformation of the Classical Chinese “Tianren Heyi” Paradigm Through the Lens of Kant and Eady Marx

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2018年第1期13卷 72-90页

作者： Jana s. Rosker Department of Asian studies Faculty of Humanities University of Ljubljana Ljubljana 1260 Slovenia

Li Zehou belongs among the ranks of the most important Chinese philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries. In his complex theoretical system, he aimed to reconcile the Chinese cultural heritage with the demands of the contemporary world. Besides elaborating on traditional Chinese philosophy, Li launched many innovative views based on his understanding of specific developments in pre-modern and modern Western philosophy. His philosophy could be described as the search for a synthesis between Western and traditional Chinese thought and a specifically Chinese modernization. In order to provide a basic insight into Li＇s specific methods of combining Kant, early Marx and classical Chinese philosophy, the present article investigates his elaboration of the traditional Chinese paradigm of “the unity of nature and man” （tianren heyi 天人合一） through the lens of ideas about humanized nature （renhua de ziran ）人化的自然） and naturalized humans （ziranhua de ten 自然化的人）.

关键词： Li Zehou naturalization of humans humanization of nature subjectality Kant Marx

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温馨的港湾巴黎某老年公寓与日间医疗服务中心

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室内设计与装修 2018年第4期 98-103页

作者： sébastien Compère 悠悠

在巴黎，街角对于城市与建筑空间而言极为重要。这座位于la Porte d’lvry大街与Charles—regaud大街交汇处的三角形建筑是一座老年公寓，同时也为阿尔茨海默症患者提供日间医疗服务。锈色混凝土与锈蚀钢板的搭配让建筑在城市中显得分... 详细信息

在巴黎，街角对于城市与建筑空间而言极为重要。这座位于la Porte d’lvry大街与Charles—regaud大街交汇处的三角形建筑是一座老年公寓，同时也为阿尔茨海默症患者提供日间医疗服务。锈色混凝土与锈蚀钢板的搭配让建筑在城市中显得分外醒目。建筑的一层体量顺应着城市街道而延伸，并形成了一个巨大的三角，

关键词：老年公寓医疗服务服务中心巴黎建筑空间港湾阿尔茨海默症城市街道

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ROADM在光网络中的应用

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电信科学 2008年第11期24卷 12-15页

作者： Bruno Giguère EXFO传输和数据通信业务部

1 WDM从点对点到ROADM的演变回首历史，第一代高速网络是基于2.5Gbit/s sONET/sDH技术的，在点对点或环网架构下，它可以在同一系统中汇聚音频和数据。由于对网络带宽的要求越来越高，单波长系统已经无法适应，因此出现了点对点密集波... 详细信息

1 WDM从点对点到ROADM的演变回首历史，第一代高速网络是基于2.5Gbit/s sONET/sDH技术的，在点对点或环网架构下，它可以在同一系统中汇聚音频和数据。由于对网络带宽的要求越来越高，单波长系统已经无法适应，因此出现了点对点密集波分复用（WDM）技术。

关键词： ROADM 光网络 sDH技术应用密集波分复用 sONET 点对点高速网络

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Temperature Effects on the Microstructures of Mg-Gd-Y Alloy Processed by Multi-direction Impact Forging

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(English Letters) 2020年第2期33卷 243-251页

作者： s.s.A.shah D.Wu R.s.Chen G.s.song school of Material science and Engineering Anhui University of Technology The Group of Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

A high strain rate multi-directional impact forging(MDIF) was applied to a solutionized Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy in the temperature range of 350-500℃.results demonstrate that the dominant deformation mode is twinning at a temperature below 400℃,whereas at a medium temperature of 450℃ considerable continuous dynamic recrystallization was promoted by{10-12} extension *** a higher temperature of 500℃,twinning activation was *** DRX grains were observed but their sizes were much bigger than those resulting from the MDIFed 50 passes at 450℃,which are ascribed to the larger grain boundary mobility and atomic diffusion at 500℃.Moreover,a non-basal weak texture was gained afterward MDIF at each temperature,which is credited to the MDIF process and the minor strain applied in each pass.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Twinning Dynamic recrystallization Forging Texture

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