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Clustering Indoor Location Data for Social Distancing and Human Mobility to Combat COVID-19

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 907-924页

作者： Yuan Ai Ho chee keong Tan Yin Hoe Ng School of Information Technology Monash University MalaysiaJalan Lagoon SelatanBandar Sunway47500Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

The world is experiencing the unprecedented time of a pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease(i.e.,COVID-19).As a countermeasure,contact tracing and social distancing are essential to prevent the transmission of the virus,which can be achieved using indoor location analytics.Based on the indoor location analytics,the human mobility on a site can be monitored and planned to minimize human’s contact and enforce social distancing to contain the transmission of COVID-19.Given the indoor location data,the clustering can be applied to cluster spatial data,spatio-temporal data and movement behavior features for proximity detection or contact tracing applications.More specifically,we propose the Coherent Moving Cluster(CMC)algorithm for contact tracing,the density-based clustering(DBScan)algorithm for identification of hotspots and the trajectory clustering(TRACLUS)algorithm for clustering indoor trajectories.The feature extraction mechanism is then developed to extract useful and valuable features that can assist the proposed system to construct the network of users based on the similarity of the movement behaviors of the users.The network of users is used to model an optimization problem to manage the human mobility on a site.The objective function is formulated to minimize the probability of contact between the users and the optimization problem is solved using the proposed effective scheduling solution based on OR-Tools.The simulation results show that the proposed indoor location analytics system outperforms the existing clustering methods by about 30%in terms of accuracy of clustering trajectories.By adopting this system for human mobility management,the count of close contacts among the users within a confined area can be reduced by 80%in the scenario where all users are allowed to access the site.

关键词： Indoor location analytics COVID-19 contact tracing social distancing spatial-temporal dimensions human mobility

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^(68)Gallium-labelled PSMA-PET/CT as a diagnostic and clinical decision-making tool in Asian prostate cancer patients following prostatectomy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 157-165页

作者： Janice S.H.Tan Charles X.Y.Goh Yen Sin Koh Youquan Li Jeffrey K.L.Tuan Eu Tiong Chua Terence W.K.Tan Michael L.C.Wang Lui Shiong Lee Kae Jack Tay Ravindran Kanesvaran chee keong toh Aaron K.T.Tong Winnie W.C.Lam Melvin L.K.Chua Division of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Singapore General Hospital Radiological Sciences Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical School Oncology Academic Clinical Programme Duke-NUS Medical School Department of Urology Singapore General Hospital Department of Surgery Sengkang General Hospital Division of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore

Objective: Prostate cancers(PCa) in Asian individuals are molecularly distinct from those found in their Caucasian counterparts.There is no risk stratification tool for Asian men with rapid biochemical recurrence(BCR) following radical prostatectomy(Rad P). This study aims to assess the detection rate of ^(68)Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PSMA-PET/CT) for diagnosis of clinical recurrence and as a treatment decision making tool in Asian patients with BCR post-Rad P.Methods: ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET and CT body with/without bone scan [conventional workup(CWU)] were performed in 55 Asian patients with BCR within 36 months post-Rad P. Two blinded reviewers assessed the images. Detection rates of ^(68)Ga PSMAPET/CT were evaluated, and impact on management was reviewed by comparison with CWU.Results: Median time to BCR post-Rad P was 8.1 months. Detection rate for ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT was 80%(44/55). A positive scan was significantly associated with increasing prostate-specific antigen(PSA) level [odds ratio(OR) = 1.13(95% CI 1.05–1.30), P =0.017], but not with higher Gleason grade or shorter PSA doubling time. Compared to CWU, ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT detected an additional 106 lesions in 33/44 patients with a positive scan, resulting in a change in management in 25/44(56.8%) patients: 10 to hormonal therapy(HT) and whole pelvis radiotherapy(RT) in addition to bed RT, and 15 to palliative HT alone.Conclusions: In the present report, we demonstrated the diagnostic and treatment decision utility of ^(68)Ga PSMA-PET/CT in Asian men with rapid BCR. Detection of small volume nodal and systemic recurrences at low PSA levels(< 1.0 ng/mL) highlights the role of the tool in assigning patients to treatment intensification with HT-RT or palliative HT in polymetastatic disease.

关键词： ^68Ga PSMA PET/CT prostate cancer Asian diagnostic recurrence prostatectomy salvage radiotherapy

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An Efficient Stacked-LSTM Based User Clustering for 5G NOMA Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 6119-6140页

作者： S.Prabha Kumaresan chee keong Tan Yin Hoe Ng Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia School of Information Technology Monash UniversitySubang Jaya47500Malaysia

Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)has been a key enabling technology for the fifth generation(5G)cellular networks.Based on the NOMA principle,a traditional neural network has been implemented for user clustering(UC)to maximize the NOMA system’s throughput performance by considering that each sample is independent of the prior and the subsequent ones.Consequently,the prediction of UC for the future ones is based on the current clustering information,which is never used again due to the lack of memory of the network.Therefore,to relate the input features of NOMA users and capture the dependency in the clustering information,time-series methods can assist us in gaining a helpful insight into the future.Despite its mathematical complexity,the essence of time series comes down to examining past behavior and extending that information into the future.Hence,in this paper,we propose a novel and effective stacked long short term memory(S-LSTM)to predict the UC formation of NOMA users to enhance the throughput performance of the 5G-based NOMA systems.In the proposed strategy,the S-LSTM is modelled to handle the time-series input data to improve the predicting accuracy of UC of the NOMA users by implementing multiple LSTM layers with hidden cells.The implemented LSTM layers have feedback connections that help to capture the dependency in the clustering information as it propagates between the layers.Specifically,we develop,train,validate and test the proposed model to predict the UC formation for the futures ones by capturing the dependency in the clustering information based on the time-series data.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively predicts UC and thereby attaining near-optimal throughput performance of 98.94%compared to the exhaustive search method.

关键词： Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) deep neural network(DNN) long short term memory(LSTM) temporal channel user clustering

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Robust Fingerprint Construction Based on Multiple Path Loss Model (M-PLM) for Indoor Localization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 1801-1818页

作者： Yun Fen Yong chee keong Tan Ian Kim Teck Tan Su Wei Tan School of Information Technology Monash University MalaysiaSubang JayaSelangorMalaysia School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences Heriot-Watt University MalaysiaWilayah Persekutuan PutrajayaMalaysia

A robust radio map is essential in implementing a fingerprint-based indoor positioning system(IPS).However,the offline site survey to manually construct the radio map is time-consuming and labour-intensive.Various interpolation techniques have been proposed to infer the virtual fingerprints to reduce the time and effort required for offline site surveys.This paper presents a novel fingerprint interpolator using a multi-path loss model(MPLM)to create the virtual fingerprints from the collected sample data based on different signal paths from different access points(APs).Based on the historical signal data,the poor signal paths are identified using their standard deviations.The proposed method reduces the positioning errors by smoothing out the wireless signal fluctuations and stabilizing the signals for those poor signal paths.By consideringmultipath signal propagations from different APs,the inherent noise from these signal paths can be alleviated.Firstly,locations of the signal data with standard deviations higher than the threshold are identified.The new fingerprints are then generated at these locations based on the proposed M-PLM interpolation function to replace the old fingerprints.The proposed technique interpolates virtual fingerprints based on good signal paths with more stable signals to improve the positioning performance.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme enhances the positioning accuracy by up to 44%compared to the conventional interpolation techniques such as the Inverse DistanceWeighting,Kriging,and single Path LossModel.As a result,we can overcome the site survey problems for IPS by building an accurate radio map with more reliable signals to improve indoor positioning performance.

关键词： Path loss model radio map indoor positioning system interpolation fingerprinting

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High responsivity and fast response 8×8β-Ga_(2)O_(3)solar-blind ultraviolet imaging photodetector array

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第11期66卷 3259-3266页

作者： SHEN GaoHui LIU Zeng TANG Kai SHA ShuLin LI Lei TAN chee-keong GUO YuFeng TANG WeiHua Innovation Center of Gallium Oxide Semiconductor(IC-GAO) College of Integrated Circuit Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for RF Integration and Micro-Assembly Technologies Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics(NUAA) MIITNanjing 211106China College of Physics MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and PhysicsKey Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and DevicesNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China Advanced Materials Thrust Function HubThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Nansha 511458China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering School of EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

In this work,an 8×8 Ga_(2)O_(3)solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector array is introduced for image sensing application.The 2-in wafer-scaled Ga_(2)O_(3)thin film was grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique;and the photodetector array was fabricated through ultraviolet photolithography,lift-off,and electron-beam evaporation.In addition to the high solar-blind/visible rejection ratio of 104,every photodetector cell in the array has high performance and fast response speed,such as responsivity of 49.4 A W^(-1),specific detectivity of 6.8×10^(14)Jones,external quantum efficiency of 1.9×10^(4)%,linear dynamic range of 117.8 d B,and response time of 41 ms,respectively,indicating the high photo-response performance of the photodetector.Moreover,the photodetector array displayed uniform responsivity with a standard deviation of~6%,and presented a sensing image of low chromatic aberration,owing to the high resolution of the photodetector array.In a word,this work may contribute to developing Ga_(2)O_(3)-based optoelectronic device applications.

关键词： Ga_(2)O_(3) photodetector array imaging photo-response

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Expert insights on Malaysia’s residential solar-energy policies:shortcomings and recommendations

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Clean Energy 2022年第4期6卷 619-631页

作者： Lin-Sea Lau Yuen-Onn Choong Suet-Ling Ching Chooi-Yi Wei Abdelhak Senadjki chee-keong Choong Ai-Na Seow Faculty of Business and Finance Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia

Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20%renewable-energy penetration by 2025.Currently,merely 2%of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power.Unlike the abundant literature about solar energy,qualitative studies that focus on experts’opinions on the weaknesses of residential solar-energy policies have received less attention,particularly in the context of Malaysia.Understanding the flaws in the existing policies would lead to creating a better policy framework for solar-energy development.Thus,this study aims to identify the shortcomings of the current government initiatives and policies that deter solar photovoltaic adoption among households from experts’perspectives.Experts also provide recommendations for better future policy design and implementation.This study employs a qualitative research approach(via semi-structured interviews)in collecting experts’viewpoints.Key concerns emerging from the interviews include insufficient financial support,lack of awareness programmes and subsidized electricity tariffs.Also,interviewed experts suggest sufficient financial incentives,increased public awareness programmes and comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding consumer interests as a means to raising solar-energy adoption in the country.This underlines the need for policymakers to create public awareness,provide financial support and develop regulatory measures aimed at managing solar companies for the sake of solar development in Malaysia.

关键词： qualitative study interview expert insights solar energy households policy shortcomings policy recommendations

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Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles modulate macrophage polarization and enhance angio-osteogenesis to promote bone healing

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 841-844页

作者： Shang Jiunn Chuah chee Weng Yong Kristeen Ye Wen Teo Jacob Ren Jie Chew Yi Ann Cheow Shipin Zhang Raymond Chung Wen Wong Asher Ah Tong Lim Sai Kiang Lim Wei Seong toh Faculty of Dentistry National University of Singapore119085Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research138648Singapore Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore119288Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringNational University of Singapore117583Singapore Tissue Engineering Program Life Sciences InstituteNational University of Singapore117456Singapore Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program NUS Graduate SchoolNational University of Singapore119077Singapore

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells(MSCs)have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for bone regeneration in animal and clinical studies.Although MSCs were initially thought to differentiate to various cell types to replace the injured/diseased tissue,it is now accepted that these cells secrete factors to promote tissue repair.1 Among these factors,small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)of size 50–200 nm,which include the exosomes,have been identified as the principal agent mediating the wide-ranging therapeutic efficacy of MSCs.2 Several studies have also reported the therapeutic effects of MSC-sEVs to enhance bone repair in animal models,as recently reviewed.3 However,the cellular processes and mechanisms mediated by MSC-sEVs in bone regeneration remain to be fully elucidated.

关键词： healing clinical macrophage

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Antiviral activity of traditional Chinese medicinal plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Morus alba against dengue virus

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1085-1096页

作者： Maqsood MARYAM Kian keong TE Fai Chu WONG Tsun Thai CHAI Gary K K LOW Seng Chiew GAN Hui Yee chee Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Faculty of Natural Sciences SBK Women's University QuettaBalochistan 87300Pakistan Department of Chinese Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanSungai Long CampusKajang 43000Malaysia Department of Chemical Science Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Kampar Campus)Kampar 31900Malaysia Department of Population Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Sungai Long Campus)Kajang 43000Malaysia Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman(Sungai Long Campus)Kajang 43000Malaysia

Dengue virus(DENV) has emerged as a major virus that is spread by mosquitoes. Recently, it has spread to more than a hundred nations but continues to lack specific treatable medication. Many traditional Chinese medicinal(TCM) plants are in practice for dengue fever in dengue endemic regions. These traditional medicines persevere with treatments, which modern medicines lack. The study aims to substantiate the anti-dengue potential of some traditional herbs and make them available for further studies to facilitate TCM users. Twelve TCM plants aqueous extracts were evaluated, which are described as cool herbs used for the diseases with high fever. Lead plants were established through detailed in vitro foci forming unit reduction analysis(FFURA) against all four serotypes and validated through quantitative real-time RT-PCR(q RT-PCR). Four plants potentially inhibited the virus in primary phenotypic in vitro evaluation. Two lead plants Dryopteris crassirhizoma(DC) and Morus alba(MA) were identified with half minimal inhibitory concentration(IC50) 130 and 221 μg m L^-1, respectively, while the selectivity indices(SI) were 4.21 and 4.62, respectively. Lead plants equally inhibited all four serotypes of DENV. Time-of-addition analysis suggested that, DC was active at later stages of viral replication, whereas MA was active during the early stages and even showed some prophylactic activity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS) analysis revealed presence of flavonoids. DC and MA are identified as potential anti-dengue plants, active against varied stages of dengue virus replication cycle. These results may serve as the base knowledge for further investigation on their combined treatments or integrative treatment with western medicines, which may improve the overall anti-dengue activity in future.

关键词： dengue virus traditional Chinese medicines TCM complementary medicines plant extracts anti-dengue

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Capecitabine with radiation is an effective adjuvant therapy in gastric cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第29期16卷 3709-3715页

作者： chee Kian Tham Su Pin Choo Donald Yew Hee Poon Han Chong toh Simon Yew Kuang Ong Sze Huey Tan Michael Lian Chek Wang Kian Fong Foo Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre Singapore

AIM:To analyze the outcome of patients who received concurrent capecitabine(Xeloda) and radiation(XRT) compared to the established concurrent 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) with radiation(5FU-RT) and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy alone as adjuvant treatment in gastric cancers.METHODS:All patients with gastric cancers who received adjuvant treatment at the National Cancer Centre Singapore between 1996 and 2006 were reviewed.Treatment outcomes of patients who received XRT were compared with those who had 5FU-RT or chemotherapy alone as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancers.RESULTS:A total of 108 patients were reviewed.Median age at diagnosis was 60.The majority of the patients(64.8%) had advanced stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease(with no distant metastasis).All except 4 patients had D2 gastrectomy.Twenty one patients(19.4%) had positive surgical resection margins.Thirty three patients received XRT compared with 52 who had 5FU-RT and 23 who received chemotherapy alone.For the patients in the chemotherapy-only group,all had fluoropyrimidine-based therapy,with added cisplatin in 7 patients and epirubicin in 2 patients.Median recurrence-free survival was longer for the XRT group(52 mo) compared to the 5FU-RT(35 mo) and chemotherapy-only groups(25 mo)(P=0.48).The patients in the XRT group achieved similar median overall survival(53 mo) as the 5FU-RT(54 mo) and the chemotherapy-only groups(44 mo)(P=0.5).CONCLUSION:Capecitabine with concurrent radiation was as effective as concurrent 5FU with radiation or fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy alone when used as adjuvant treatment in patients with gastric cancers.

关键词： Capecitabine Radiation Gastric cancer Adjuvant chemotherapy

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Prediction of Solar Radiation Using Data Clustering and Time-Delay Neural Network

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2018年第12期6卷 91-97页

作者： chee keong Chan Yi Hong Ler School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore

In this paper, a combination of data clustering and artificial intelligence techniques are used to predict incoming solar radiation on a daily basis. The data clustering technique known as Perceptually Important Points is proposed, where time-series data is grouped into clusters separated by key characteristic points, which are later used as training data for an artificial neural network. The type of network used is known as a Focused Time-Delay Neural Network, and an analysis of the data is performed using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error scheme.

关键词： Prediction Clustering Neural Networks Artificial Intelligence

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