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Decreased soil pH weakens the positive rhizosphere effect on denitrification capacity

Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 905-915页

作者： Jun WANG Zongxiang zhang Fei LIANG Zhao che Yongkang WEN Manyu zhang Wenjun JIN Zhaorong DONG He SONG College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural University Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

The stimulating effect of rhizosphere on denitrification is considered to be an unavoidable loss of soil nitrogen（N） and detrimental to crop N use efficiency,which is regulated by crop growth and soil properties. Soil acidification, occurring rapidly in many intensive farming lands, affects both crop growth and soil properties, thereby altering rhizosphere effect on denitrification. However, the mechanism by which soil acidification regulates rhizosphere denitrification still remains unclear. Here, we determined the denitrification capacity（DC） and associated community compositions of nirK-and nirS-type denitrifiers in maize rhizosphere and bulk soils at four acidity gradients（pH = 6.8, 6.1, 5.2, and 4.2）. Results showed that the stimulating effect of rhizosphere on DC strongly depended on soil pH. Compared to bulk soil, rhizosphere soil had significantly higher DC at pH 5.2, but not at pH of 4.2. With increasing soil acidity, the stimulation of rhizosphere on DC（calculated as the difference in DC between rhizosphere and bulk soils） decreased from 8.01 to 0.01 mg N ***, soil acidification significantly reduced the differences in dissolved organic carbon（DOC） and abundance of key nirK-type denitrifier taxa between rhizosphere and bulk soils, both of which were positively related to the stimulation of rhizosphere on DC. These findings demonstrated that soil acidification could weaken the positive rhizosphere effect on denitrification via regulated C availability and associated nirK-type denitrifier community, potentially reducing N loss risk in rhizosphere soil. The independent role of soil p H should be fully considered when modelling N behaviour in plant-soil systems.

关键词： bacterial abundance denitrifier community dissolved organic carbon operational taxonomic unit soil acidification

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Aerodynamic breakup of emulsion droplets in airflow

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Droplet 2024年第4期3卷 48-54页

作者： Zhikun Xu Jinzhao Liu Houpeng zhang Tianyou Wang Zhizhao che State Key Laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina

Aerodynamic breakup refers to the process where large droplets are fragmented into small droplets by the aerodynamic force in airflow,which plays a vital role in fluid atomization and spray *** research has primarily concentrated on the aerodynamic breakup of single-component droplets,but investigations into the breakup of emulsion droplets are *** study experimentally investigated the aerodynamic breakup of water-in-oil emulsions in airflow,utilizing high-speed photography to observe the breakup process and digital in-line holography to measure fragment *** analyses between emulsion droplets and single-component droplets are conducted to examine the breakup morphology,breakup regime,deformation characteristics,and fragment size *** emulsion droplets exhibit higher apparent viscosity and shorter stretching lengths of the bag film and peripheral rim due to the presence of a dispersed *** breakup regime transitions of emulsions are modeled by integrating the viscosity model of emulsions and the transition model of the pure *** fragment sizes of emulsion droplets are larger due to the shorter lengths of the bag film and peripheral rim.

关键词： emulsion viscosity sizes

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Effects of coal-fired power plants on soil microbial diversity and community structures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第3期137卷 206-223页

作者： Bowen Sun Renbin Zhu Yu Shi Wanying zhang Zeming Zhou Dawei Ma Runfang Wang Haitao Dai chenshuai che Institute of Polar Environment&Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 450046China State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute Hefei 230601China

Long-term deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from coal combustion and their effects on the eco-environment have been extensively studied around coal-fired power ***,the effects of coal-fired power plants on soil microbial communities have received little attention through atmospheric pollutant deposition and ***,we collected the samples of power plant soils(PS),coal-stacking soils(CSS)and agricultural soils(AS)around three coal-fired power plants and background control soils(BG)in Huainan,a typical mineral resource-based city in East China,and investigated the microbial diversity and community structures through a high-throughput sequencing ***-stacking significantly increased(p<0.05)the contents of total carbon,total nitrogen,total sulfur and Mo in the soils,whereas the deposition of atmospheric pollutants enhanced the levels of V,Cu,Zn and ***,Actinobacteria,Thaumarchaeota,Thermoplasmata,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant taxa in all *** bacterial community showed significant differences(p<0.05)among PS,CSS,AS and BG,whereas archaeal and fungal communities showed significant differences(p<0.01)according to soil samples around three coal-fired power *** predominant environmental variables affecting soil bacterial,archaeal and fungal communities were Mo-TN-TS,Cu-V-Mo,and organic matter(OM)-Mo,*** soil microbial genera were closely related to multiple key factors associated with stacking coal and heavy metal deposition from power *** study provided useful insight into better understanding of the relationships between soil microbial communities and long-term disturbances from coal-fired power plants.

关键词： Coal-fired power plants Soil microbial communities Coal-stacking Heavy metals Environmental variables

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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang che Li-Hong Zhu Shu-Juan zhang Ji-Yuan Lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

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Chitosan/Sodium Alginate Multilayer pH-Sensitive Films Based on Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for Intelligent Packaging

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 215-233页

作者： Mingxuan He Yahui Zheng Jiaming Shen Jiawei Shi Yongzheng zhang Yinghong Xiao Jianfei che Key Laboratory of Soft chemistry and FunctionalMaterials Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210046China

The abuse of plastic food packaging has brought about severe white pollution issues around the *** green and sustainable biomass packaging is an effective way to solve this ***,a chitosan/sodium alginate-based multilayer film is fabricated via a layer-by-layer(LBL)self-assembly *** the help of superior interaction between the layers,the multilayer film possesses excellent mechanical properties(with a tensile strength of 50 MPa).Besides,the film displays outstanding water retention property(blocking moisture of 97.56%)and ultraviolet blocking *** is introduced into the film to detect the food quality since it is one natural plant polyphenol that is sensitive to the pH changes ranging from 1 to 13 in food when spoilage *** is noted that the film is also bacteriostatic which is desired for food *** study describes a simple technique for the development of advanced multifunctional and fully biodegradable food packaging film and it is a sustainable alternative to plastic packaging.

关键词： Chitosan alginate layer-by-layer self-assembly pH-sensitive multilayer films

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Phomaketals A and B,pentacyclic meroterpenoids from a eupC overexpressed mutant strain of Phoma sp.

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Chinese chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 350-354页

作者： Chuan Li Yangyang Han Yanan Zhai Ke Li Xingzhong Liu Zhuan zhang Cai Jia Yongsheng che NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China State Key Laboratory of Toxicology&Medical Countermeasures Beijing Institute of Pharmacology&ToxicologyBeijing 100850China Department of Microbiology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Phomaketals A(1)and B(2),two tropolonic meroterpenoids with the unprecedented pentacyclic skeletons,were isolated from the solid-substrate fermentation cultures of a eupC overexpressed mutant strain of the fungus Phoma sp.,together with a biogenetically related secondary metabolite pughiinin B(3),and the known one noreupenifeldin B(4).The structures of 1–3 were elucidated primarily by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)*** absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by electronic circular dichroism calculations and the calculated NMR with DP4+analysis,while that of 3 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα***,phomaketals A(1)and B(2)could be derived from the hypothetical tropolonic sesquiterpene intermediates neosetophomone B(6)and 9-R-neosetophomone B(6),respectively,via different reactions *** 1 showed antiproliferative effect only against the SUPB15 cells,with an 50%inhibitory concentration(IC50)value of 4.85μmol/L,while the co-isolated known meroterpenoid 4 displayed potent effects against three tumor cell lines,SUPB15,EL4,and H9,showing IC50values of 0.36–27.08μmol/L.

关键词： Phoma sp. Tropolonic sesquiterpenes Biosynthetic pathways Hetero-Diels–Alder Cytotoxicity

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Reconfigurable logic and in-sensor encryption operations in an asymmetrically tunable van der Waals heterostructure

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3113-3119页

作者： Fan Gong Wenjie Deng Yi Wu Fengming Liu Yihao Guo Zelin che Jingjie Li Jingzhen Li Yang Chai Yongzhe zhang Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology of Education Ministry of China Faculty of Information TechnologyBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of EducationFaculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityKowloonHong KongChina

Reconfigurable devices can be used to achieve multiple logic operation and intelligent optical sensing with low power consumption,which is promising candidates for new generation electronic and optoelectronic integrated ***,the versatility is still limited and need to be extended by the device architectures ***,we report an asymmetrically gate two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals heterostructure with hybrid dielectric layer SiO_(2)/hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN),which enable rich function including reconfigurable logic operation and in-sensor information encryption enabled by both volatile and non-volatile optoelectrical *** the partial gate is grounded,the non-volatile light assisted electrostatic doping endowed partially reconfigurable doping between n-type and p-type,which allow the switching of logic XOR and not implication(NIMP).When the global gate is grounded,additionally taking the optical signal as another input signal,logic AND and OR is realized by combined regulation of the light and localized gate *** on the high on/off current ratio approaching 105 and reliable&switchable logic gate,in-sensor information encryption and decryption is demonstrated by manipulating the logic ***,these results provide strong extension for current reconfigurable electronic and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： in-sensor encryption reconfigurable logic van der Waals heterostructure asymmetrical tunable architecture

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MOFs‑Derived Strategy and Ternary Alloys Regulation in Flower‑Like Magnetic‑Carbon Microspheres with Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 479-493页

作者： Mengqiu Huang Bangxin Li Yuetong Qian Lei Wang Huibin zhang chendi Yang Longjun Rao Gang Zhou Chongyun Liang Renchao che Laboratory of Advanced Materials Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsAcademy for Engineering&TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China Department of chemistry Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Institute of TechnologyShanghai 201418People’s Republic of China College of Physics Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100People’s Republic of China

Broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption materials play an important role in military stealth and health ***,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)-derived magnetic-carbon CoNiM@C(M=Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn)microspheres are fabricated,which exhibit flower-like nano–microstructure with tunable EM response *** on the MOFs-derived CoNi@C microsphere,the adjacent third element is introduced into magnetic CoNi alloy to enhance EM wave absorption *** term of broadband absorption,the order of efficient absorption bandwidth(EAB)value is Mn>Fe=Zn>Cu in the CoNiM@C ***,MOFs-derived flower-like CoNiMn@C microspheres hold outstanding broadband absorption and the EAB can reach up to 5.8 GHz(covering 12.2–18 GHz at 2.0 mm thickness).Besides,off-axis electron holography and computational simulations are applied to elucidate the inherent dielectric dissipation and magnetic *** heterointerfaces in CoNiMn@C promote the aggregation of the negative/positive charges at the contacting region,forming interfacial *** graphitized carbon layer catalyzed by the magnetic CoNiMn core offered the electron mobility path,boosting the conductive *** importantly,magnetic coupling is observed in the CoNiMn@C to strengthen the magnetic responding *** study provides a new guide to build broadband EM absorption by regulating the ternary magnetic alloy.

关键词： Magnetic-carbon microspheres MOFs derivatives Electromagnetic wave absorption Magnetic loss Broadband absorption

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The genetic basis and process of inbreeding depression in an elite hybrid rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1727-1738页

作者： Xiaodong Xu Yawen Xu Jian che Xu Han Zhengji Wang Xianmeng Wang Qinghua zhang Xu Li Qinglu zhang Jinghua Xiao Xianghua Li Qifa zhang Yidan Ouyang National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan) Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Inbreeding depression refers to the reduced performance arising from increased homozygosity,a phenomenon that is the reverse of heterosis and exists among plants and *** a natural self-pollinated crop with strong heterosis,the mechanism of inbreeding depression in rice is largely *** understand the genetic basis of inbreeding depression,we constructed a successive inbreeding population from the F_(2)to F_(4)generation and observed inbreeding depression of all heterotic traits in the progeny along with the decay of heterozygosity in each *** expected depression effect was largely explained by 13 QTLs showing dominant effects for spikelets per panicle,11 for primary branches,and 12 for secondary branches,and these loci constitute the main correlation between heterosis and inbreeding ***,the genetic basis of inbreeding depression is also distinct from that of heterosis,such that a biased transmission ratio of alleles for QTLs with either dominant or additive effects in four segregation distortion regions would result in minor effects in expected ***,two-locus interactions may change the extent and direction of the depression effects of the target loci,and overall interactions would promote inbreeding depression among *** an F_(2:3)variation population,the actual performance of the loci showing expected depression was evaluated considering the heterozygosity decay in the background after *** found inconsistent or various degrees of background depression from the F_(2)to F_(3)generation assuming different genotypes of the target locus,which may affect the actual depression effect of the locus due to *** results suggest that the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression and heterosis is closely linked but also differs in their intrinsic mechanisms,which expand our understanding of the whole-genome architecture of inbreeding depression.

关键词： rice inbreeding depression spikelet development dominance segregation distortion epistasis

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Metal–Organic Gel Leading to Customized Magnetic‑Coupling Engineering in Carbon Aerogels for Excellent Radar Stealth and Thermal Insulation Performances

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第3期16卷 36-52页

作者： Xin Li Ruizhe Hu Zhiqiang Xiong Dan Wang Zhixia zhang Chongbo Liu Xiaojun Zeng Dezhi chen Renchao che Xuliang Nie Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063People’s Republic of China School of Environmental and chemical Engineering Nanchang Hangkong UniversityNanchang 330063People’s Republic of China Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Materials Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jingdezhen Ceramic UniversityJingdezhen 333403People’s Republic of China College of chemistry and Materials Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045People’s Republic of China

Metal–organic gel(MOG)derived composites are promising multi-functional materials due to their alterable composition,identifiable chemical homogeneity,tunable shape,and porous ***,stable metal–organic hydrogels are prepared by regulating the complexation effect,solution polarity and curing ***,collagen peptide is used to facilitate the fabrication of a porous aerogel with excellent physical properties as well as the homogeneous dispersion of magnetic particles during ***,two kinds of heterometallic magnetic coupling systems are obtained through the application of Kirkendall ***/nitrogen-doped carbon(NC)aerogel demonstrates an ultra-strong microwave absorption of−85 dB at an ultra-low loading of 5%.After reducing the time taken by atom shifting,a FeCo/Fe3O4/NC aerogel containing virus-shaped particles is obtained,which achieves an ultra-broad absorption of 7.44 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.59 mm due to the coupling effect offered by dual-soft-magnetic ***,both aerogels show excellent thermal insulation property,and their outstanding radar stealth performances in J-20 aircraft are confirmed by computer simulation *** formation mechanism of MOG is also discussed along with the thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of the aerogels,which will enable the development and application of novel and lightweight stealth coatings.

关键词： Metal-organic gels Heterometallic magnetic coupling Radar stealth Thermal insulation Computer simulation technology

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