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Occupational Diseases and Environm.ntal m.dicine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： charles L. Blake Kevin m. Guth Raym.nd D. Harbison Apex Com.anies Marietta USA Center for Environm.ntal and Occupational Risk Analysis and m.nagem.nt College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated asbestos exposure associated with various m.intenance procedures on light aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate asbestos exposure during engine m.intenance on light aircraft. This test was designed to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to m.chanics and others who rem.ve asbestos-containing engine gaskets from.reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized in this test was an air cooled, horizontally opposed, aviation gasoline burning engine, assem.led during 1986 and operated interm.ttently up into 2015, having accum.lated 1680 hours run tim.. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed during 1986 were still in place at the tim. of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from.55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and 5% by area, for the spiral wound m.tal/asbestos style. Despite the levels of effort required to effect gasket rem.vals, the professional aircraft m.chanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower lim.ts of sam.ling and analytical detection achieved;all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and Health Adm.nistration Perm.ssible Exposure Lim.ts for asbestos. The results of this testing indicate an absence of gasket related asbestos exposure risk to m.chanics who work with light aircraft engines, including those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the findings of m.yarek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul of larger radial style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction m.terials

Estim.ting the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from.Drought in the United States Southern Plains Region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem.Woli Gerald R. Sm.th charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette, Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production is a m.jor econom.c activity in m.st regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a sem.-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te in the future. Since the interannual variability in clim.te in this region is linked to an ocean-atm.spheric phenom.non, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region m.y be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extrem.ly costly. However, the losses due to an im.ending drought can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from.an im.inent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ARID-based m.dels for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield m.dels reflected reasonably well the phenom.na of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit m.asures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willm.tt Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield m.dels perform.d fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from.drought. This yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting yield loss from.drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as im.acted by ENSO.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

Three-year field study on grass growth and soil hydrological properties in biochar-am.nded soil

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Journal of Rock m.chanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo charles Wang Wai Ng Junjun Ni Qi Zhang Yuchen Wang Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field m.nitoring was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-term.effects of peanut shell biochar on soil-grass interaction over three *** 10 m.5 m.grassed plots were constructed in com.letely decom.osed granitic *** of them.were am.nded,respectively,with 5%and 10%biochar contents(m.(3)/m.(3))for grass growth,while the third was without biochar *** the threeyear m.nitoring,plant characteristics,saturated water perm.ability(k_(s))of grassed soil and soil suction were *** m.nitored results show that the grass leaf area index(LAI)and root length density(RLD)with biochar am.ndm.nt were im.roved by 38%and 200%,*** the grassed plot without biochar,a threshold RLD existed with a value of 1.7 cm.cm.(3),beyond which k_(s) raised *** threshold RLD increased by 52%when biochar content increased from.0%to 10%.This im.lies that biochar m.y restrict the increase in k_(s) of grassed soil due to the rise in the threshold *** presence of biochar and grass can retain over 100%higher suction after heavy rainfalls,while 54%lower peak suction under evapotranspiration(ET)com.ared with the non-am.nded *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydraulic properties caused by plant growth and reduce ET-induced excessive water loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar content is recom.ended for the long-term.m.nagem.nt of vegetated earthen infrastructures.

关键词： Soil-grass interaction Biochar Long-term Water infiltration Soil drying

Estim.ting the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem.Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Sm.th charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The econom. of m.st rural locations in the sem.-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predom.nantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from.an im.inent drought is an im.ortant need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield m.del for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del indicated that it could reflect the phenom.non of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various m.trics used to evaluate the m.del, including Willm.tt Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield m.del perform.d fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield

ABC's of relationship selling through service charles m. Frtrell 8e.

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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury:an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

2005年

作者： charles m. Frtrell

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

After spinal cord injury,there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells,which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural ***,a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord *** m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury,there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine *** objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury,identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels,and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord *** were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion,m.derate contusion,severe contusion,or com.lete transection,7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury,and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex *** dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factorα,interleukin-1β,and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury,but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury,while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days *** contrast,several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days *** spinal cord injury,tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1,which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt,increased m.re than all other cytokines tested,reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured *** a m.ld injury,11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.;however,after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le *** conclusion,pro-inflam.atory cytokines in

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Sm.th Tiffany m.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess m.chael P.Gustafson Em.anuel Katsanis Richard J.Sim.son School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Departm.nt of Anim.l and Com.arative Biom.dical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Departm.nt of Im.unobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of m.dicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The m.bilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase im.une surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determ.ne if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants com.leted a 20-m.n bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** m.jor leukocyte subtypes were enum.rated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytom.try,and im.une responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determ.ned using whole blood peptide stim.lation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the m.bilization or egress of m.jor leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced m.bilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central m.m.ry T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic im.unity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid im.unity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly m.bilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups m.bilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid im.unity group m.bilized T-cells that reacted to m.m.rane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid im.unity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise m.bilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid im.unity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise im.unology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura m. Grossner m.ya B. Zepeda Jam.s W. Grice charles I. Abram.on Departm.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Com.arative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and m.m.ry in honey bees (Apis m.llifera). The series of experim.nts outlined in this paper aim.d to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experim.nts in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee perform.nce and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experim.nt exam.ned if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the am.unt of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a tim.. The second experim.nt explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experim.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. These experim.nts contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis m.llifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

Three-dim.nsional analysis of age and sex differences in fem.ral head asphericity in asym.tom.tic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： m.had m.Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jim.nez Benjam.n Kuhns charles F m.tchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A m.ranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim.Ata m.Kiapour Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Departm.nt of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Departm.nt of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Departm.nt of Biom.chanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the fem.ral head is a m.tric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the developm.nt of osteoarthritis and fem.ral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dim.nsional asphericity of the fem.ral head of asym.tom.tic pediatric *** hypothesized that fem.ral head asphericity will vary significantly between m.le and fem.le pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Com.uted tom.graphy scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from.a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%m.le)without hip *** fem.ral m.asurem.nts including the fem.ral head diam.ter,fem.ral head volum.,residual volum.,asphericity index,and local diam.ter difference were used to evaluate fem.ral head *** In both sexes,the residual volum. increased by age(Pm.ller fem.ral head size in older ages(>13 years)in fem.les,there were no sex-differences in residual volum. and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in m.an diam.ter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(m.xim.m.diam.ter difference)across whole surface of the fem.ral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in m.les(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in m.xim.m.diam.ter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased m.an diam.ter difference across overall surface of the fem.ral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asym.tom.tic hips which increases with age *** 2D m.asured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the fem.ral head,it m.y not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Fem.ral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences