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Relationship of.Secreted Salivary Protein Variants to Virulence in Hessian f.y (<i>Mayetiola destructor</i>(Say))

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Advances in Entomology 2020年第1期8卷 15-33页

作者： Yan M. crane charles f. crane Brandon J. Schemerhorn USDA-ARS Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit West Lafayette IN USA Department of.Entomology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of.Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

Salivary proteins are the initial contact between sedentary insect pests and their host plants. It is expected that one or more salivary proteins mediate the interaction between Hessian f.y and wheat, in which a f.eding site is established to the benef.t of.the f.y. A survey of.52 loci annotated as insect secreted salivary proteins was conducted in 384 individuals evenly distributed among eight biotypes of.Hessian f.y (B, C, D, E, GP, L, O, and vH9). Amplicons were sequenced with Illumina, and sequence reads were aligned to the ref.rence sequences f.om which primers had been designed. Positions of.consistent base variation (998 in all) were identif.ed and tabulated by biotype. No varying position was associated with biotype-wide virulence to any one of.wheat resistance genes H3, H5, H6, H7/H8, H9, H11, H13, and H26. The multiplate pooling strategy utilized in this study is an ef.ective, af.ordable way to reveal the genotype of.hundreds of.individuals at tens of.genetic loci.

关键词： Hessian f.y Mayetiola destructor Virulence Insect-Plant Interaction Amplicon Sequencing

Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinf.ammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika f.jii charles f.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi Department of.Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor f.mily Institute f.r Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological f.ctors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undef.ned. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-def.ned mechanisms that play critical f.nctions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets f.r the pathophysiology and treatment of.psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of.studies indicate the involvement of.endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of.neuroinf.ammation, a contributing f.ctor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inf.ammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinf.ammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of.autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinf.ammation. The aim of.this review is to summarize our current understanding of.the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of.endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinf.ammation in the central nervous system. Studies f.cused on innate immune f.ctors, including neurosteroids with anti-inf.ammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of.depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of.molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of.sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinf.ammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone f.uvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

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Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of.pro-inf.ammatory signaling and cognitive impairment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell charles f.Zorumski Department of.Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor f.mily Institute f.r Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have signif.cant exposure. Because of.habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently f.und that a single injection of.glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of.learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day af.er injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive f.nction. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely af.ect cognitive f.nction either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could af.ect gut microbiota, and if.dysbiosis results in endotoxemia(leaky gut), inf.ltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inf.ammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inf.ammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of.long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of.lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinf.ammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of.polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory ef.ect of.glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one ef.ective strategy. The aim of.this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity f.llowing glyphosate exposure as a means to identif. potential treatments.

关键词： cognitive impairment glyphosate microglia neuroinf.ammation roundup toll-like receptor 4 zinc chelation

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New evidence f.r the epigenetic regulation of.skeletal stem cells

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2004-2006页

作者： Liming Zhao Jun Xiao charles K.f.Chan Institute f.r Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Department of.Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Department of.Orthopaedic Surgery Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Skeletal stem cells(SSCs)are crucial f.r skeletal development and regeneration,yet the epigenetic regulation of.these cells remains poorly *** studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape across the developmental trajectory of.SSCs,highlighting the involvement of.Ptip in regulating SSC *** skeletal system undergoes dynamic remodeling throughout *** stem cells(SSCs),residing within the skeleton and lineage-restricted,serve as a cellular reserve to f.ster development and maintain skeletal *** categorized within the broader mesenchymal stromal/stem cells(MSCs).

关键词： skeletal involvement maintain

Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of.COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,Calif.rnia

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International Journal of.Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： f.nnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza charles K.Huyck Adam Rose Paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy f.Tiampo Calif.rnia State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of.Southern Calif.rnia Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center f.r International Earth Science Inf.rmation Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute f.r Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available f.om Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of.disasters by capturing the f.ne-grained and real-time behavioral responses of.businesses and the *** investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of.EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used f.r computable general equilibrium modeling of.supply chain repercussions and resilience *** applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,Calif.rnia as a case *** also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account f.r the changing character of.EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling *** f.und that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to signif.cant dif.erences f.om other data sources in terms of.direct and total impact *** f.ndings f.om this analytical approach have important implications f.r economic consequence modeling of.disasters,as well as providing usef.l inf.rmation to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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Complication rates af.er direct anterior vs posterior approach f.r hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with f.moral neck f.actures

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World Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 22-29页

作者： Tatiana charles Nicolas Bloemers Bilal Kapanci Marc Jayankura Department of.Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology HUB-Hospital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium

BACKGROUND Dislocation rates af.er hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary f.om 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality *** to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of.any single *** To compare early postoperative complications af.er implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)f.r hip hemiarthroplasty af.er f.moral neck *** This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university *** March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of.280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)f.r displaced f.moral neck f.actures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of.approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the *** rates and other complications were reviewed af.er a minimum f.llowup of.6 *** Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient *** data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not dif.er signif.cantly between the *** 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the dif.erence was not statistically signif.cant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a signif.cantly higher rate of.dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of.the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery f.r recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of.them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep *** rate of.other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic f.actures and inf.ction-related complications)did not dif.er signif.cantly between the *** These f.ndings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty f

关键词： Hemiarthroplasty f.moral neck f.acture Direct anterior approach Posterior approach Dislocation Mortality

A Modif.ed Transitional Korteweg-De Vries Equation: Posed in the Quarter Plane

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Journal of.Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2691-2701页

作者： charles Bu Department of.Mathematics Wellesley College Wellesley MA USA

This paper is concerned with a modif.ed transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f.t)u2ux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈C2([ 0,∞ )). Under the conditions either 1) f.t)≤0, f.(t)≥0or 2) f.t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the existence of.a unique global classical solution.

关键词： Modif.ed Transitional KdV Equation Initial-Boundary Value Problem Semi-Group Local and Global Existence

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骨骼干细胞表观遗传调控的新证据（英文）

Science Bulletin 2024年第13期 2004-2006页

作者：赵黎明肖骏 charles K.f.Chan Institute f.r Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Department of.Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Department of.Orthopaedic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are crucial f.r skeletal development and regeneration, yet the epigenetic regulation of.these cells remains poorly understood. Recent studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape across the developmental trajectory of.SSCs,highlighting the involvement of.Ptip in regulating SSC *** skeletal system undergoes dynamic remodeling throughout lif.. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs), residing within the skeleton and lineage-restricted, serve as a cellular reserve to f.ster development and maintain skeletal homeostasis. Historically categorized within the broader mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), SSCs have been dif.erentiated due to MSCs’ recognized heterogeneity, which has generated inconsistencies and controversies in the f.eld [1].

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Three-dimensional analysis of.age and sex dif.erences in f.moral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World Journal of.Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Aliya G f.roe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns charles f.Mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A Maranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of.Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of.Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of.Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of.Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of.Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of.Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of.Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of.Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of.the f.moral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of.osteoarthritis and f.moral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of.the f.moral head of.asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that f.moral head asphericity will vary signif.cantly between male and f.male pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents f.om a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** f.moral measurements including the f.moral head diameter,f.moral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter dif.erence were used to evaluate f.moral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pf.cantly smaller f.moral head size in older ages(>13 years)in f.males,there were no sex-dif.erences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter dif.erence in both sexes(P=0.07)with no signif.cant sex-dif.erences across dif.erent age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were signif.cant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter dif.erence)across whole surf.ce of.the f.moral head and all quadrants except the inf.rior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-dif.erences in maximum diameter dif.erence at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter dif.erence across overall surf.ce of.the f.moral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of.the f.moral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip f.moral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex dif.erences