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The El Niño-Souther. Oscillation (ENSO) Effects on Cowpea and Winter.Wheat Yields in the Semi-Ar.d r.gion of the Souther. US

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2023年第2期14卷 154-175页

作者： Pr.m Woli Ger.ld r. Smith charles r. long Fr.ncis M. r.uquette Jr. Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Overton TX USA

Infor.ation is limited on the effects of climate var.ability on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and winter.wheat (Tr.ticum aestivum L.) yields in the semiar.d r.gion of the souther. US. Using the Decision Suppor. System for.Agr.technology Tr.nsfer.(DSSAT) cr.p model and weather.data spanning 81 year., we assessed the impact of El Niño-Souther. Oscillation (ENSO) on the gr.in yields of these cr.ps in the Llano Estacado r.gion of the souther. US as affected by cowpea and wheat planting dates and N application r.te. Simulated r.sults showed that the El Niño phase of ENSO pr.duced about 30% mor. yields of mono-cr.pped cowpea than those pr.duced under.the La Niña phase, especially with the cowpeas planted in July. The cowpea yields under.El Niño wer. about 10% mor. than the 81-year.aver.ge nor.al yield, wher.as those under.La Niña wer. about 20% less. At the N r.tes of 0, 50, and 100 kg·ha−1, r.gar.less of wheat planting dates, the El Niño year. pr.duced, r.spectively, about 8%, 40%, and 60% higher.wheat yields than those pr.duced in the La Niña year., and about 5%, 20%, and 27% mor. than the 81-year.aver.ge nor.al yield. In the La Niña year., the wheat yields at 0, 50, and 100 kg N ha−1 wer., r.spectively, about 5%, 15%, and 20% less than the nor.al yield with similar.N levels. The impact of ENSO on wheat yields under.cowpea-wheat double-cr.pping systems was significant, especially for.the wheat cr.ps planted on October.15 (October.30) or.later.following the cowpea cr.ps planted in June (July). At zer. N, the mono-cr.pped wheat yields wer. not impacted by ENSO due to N limitation. However. the double-cr.pped wheat yields wer. impacted by ENSO even when no N fer.ilizer.was applied due to high soil N status caused by N tr.nsfer.fr.m cowpea stover.r.sidues and r.ots. r.sults indicated that management str.tegies need to be attentive to ENSO for.casts and adjust potential planting dates and N application r.tes with the ENSO phase to aver. r.sks of cr.p fa

关键词： Climate Cowpea DSSAT Double-Cr.p El Niño ENSO Model Semi-Ar.d Wheat

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Explor.ng the Potential of Cowpea-Wheat Double Cr.pping in the Semi-Ar.d r.gion of the Souther. United States Using the DSSAT Cr.p Model

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Agr.cultur.l Sciences 2023年第1期14卷 35-57页

作者： Pr.m Woli Ger.ld r. Smith charles r. long Jackie C. r.dd Qingwu Xue Fr.ncis M. r.uquette Jr. Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Overton USA Texas A&M Agr.Life r.sear.h Center Amarillo USA

Infor.ation is limited on the potential of double-cr.pping cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and wheat (Tr.ticum aestivum L.) in the semiar.d r.gion of the souther. United States. Using the Decision Suppor. System for.Agr.technology Tr.nsfer.(DSSAT) cr.p model and weather.data of 80 year., we assessed the possibility of cowpea-wheat double-cr.pping in this r.gion for.gr.in pur.ose as affected by planting date and N application r.te. r.sults showed that the possibility of double-cr.pping var.ed fr.m 0% to 65%, depending on the cr.pping system. The possibility was less with systems compr.sing ear.ier.planting dates of wheat and later.planting dates of cowpea. r.sults indicated that cowpea-wheat double-cr.pping could be beneficial only when no N was applied, with wheat planted on October.15 or.later. At zer. N, the double-cr.ps of cowpea planted on July 15 and wheat planted on November.30 wer. the most beneficial of all the 72 double-cr.pping systems studied. With a delay in planting cowpea, the per.entage of beneficial double-cr.pping systems decr.ased. At N r.tes other.than zer., fallow-wheat monocr.pping systems wer. mor. beneficial than cowpea-wheat double-cr.pping systems, and the benefit was gr.ater.at a higher.N r.te. At 100 kg N ha-1, the monocr.p of wheat planted on October.15 was the most beneficial of all the 94 systems studied. r.sults fur.her.showed that fallow-wheat yields incr.ased almost linear.y with an incr.ase in N r.te fr.m 0 to 100 kg∙ha-1. Fallow-wheat gr.in yields wer. quadr.tically associated with planting dates. With an incr.ase in N r.te, wheat yields r.ached the peak with an ear.ier.planting date. Wheat yields pr.duced under.monocr.pping systems wer. gr.ater.than those pr.duced under.double-cr.pping systems for.any cowpea planting date. Cowpea yields pr.duced under.monocr.pping systems wer. gr.ater.than those pr.duced under.any double-cr.pping system. The r.lationship between cowpea gr.in yields and planting dates was

关键词： Cover.Cr.p Cowpea-Wheat DSSAT Double-Cr.p Model Semi-Ar.d

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Synchr.nization and fir.ng mode tr.nsition of two neur.ns in a bilater.l auditor. system dr.ven by a high–low fr.quency signal

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 722-735页

作者： charles Omotomide Apata 唐浥瑞周祎凡蒋龙裴启明 School of Physics and Optoelectr.nic Engineer.ng Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023China

The FitzHugh–Nagumo neur.n cir.uit integr.tes a piezoelectr.c cer.mic to for. a piezoelectr.c sensing neur.n,which can captur. exter.al sound signals and simulate the auditor. neur.n *** piezoelectr.c sensing neur.ns ar. coupled by a par.llel cir.uit consisting of a Josephson junction and a linear.r.sistor.and a binaur.l auditor. system is *** the non-singleness of exter.al sound sour.es,the high–low fr.quency signal is used as the input signal to study the fir.ng mode tr.nsition and synchr.nization of this *** is found that the angular.fr.quency of the high–low fr.quency signal is a key factor.in deter.ining whether.the dynamic behavior. of two coupled neur.ns ar. *** they ar. in synchr.nization at a specific angular.fr.quency,the changes in physical par.meter. of the input signal and the coupling str.ngth between them will not destr.y their.*** addition,the fir.ng mode of two coupled auditor. neur.ns in synchr.nization is affected by the char.cter.stic par.meter. of the high–low fr.quency signal r.ther.than the coupling *** asynchr.nous dynamic behavior.and var.ations in fir.ng modes will har. the auditor. *** findings could help deter.ine the causes of hear.ng loss and devise functional assistive devices for.patients.

关键词： piezoelectr.c cer.mic Josephson junction auditor. neur.n synchr.nization

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Effects of physiological age on r.sidual feed intake of gr.wing heifer.

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Open Jour.al of Animal Sciences 2011年第3期1卷 89-92页

作者： Andr.a N. Loyd charles r. long Andr.w W. Lewis r.nald D. r.ndel 不详

Using a r.tr.spective evaluation of feed effi- ciency, this study investigated the effects of physiological age on r.sidual feed intake (r.I) in gr.wing heifer.. Data wer. collected dur.ng 1973 and 1974 at the McGr.gor.location of the Texas Agr.cultur.l Exper.ment Station. Heifer. (n = 77) wer. obtained fr.m a lar.e cr.ssbr.ed- ing pr.gr.m utilizing a five-br.ed diallel mating scheme using Angus, Br.hman, Her.for., Hol- stein and Jer.ey br.eds. At appr.ximately 6 months of age, pr.-puber.al heifer. wer. indi- vidually penned and r.ceived ad libitum access to a balanced diet. Individual feed intake and body weight data wer. collected at 28-day in- ter.als for.84 days pr.or.to puber.y and for.90 days after.puber.y. The diet was changed at puber.y to pr.vide a lower.ener.y density. Con- sider.ng all females as cohor.s, r.I was calcu- lated for.each heifer.for.each per.od using separ.te models for.the pr.- and post-puber.al per.ods. A moder.te, positive Pear.on cor.ela- tion (r.= 0.48;P r.- and post-puber.al r.I. Fur.her.or., heifer.r.I r.nk was compar.d between the pr.- and post-puber.al per.ods using Spear.an r.nk or. der.cor.elation and a similar.cor.elation (r.= 0.46;P r.vealed. This suggests that r.I deter.ined dur.ng the pr.-puber.al per.od may only be a moder.te pr.dictor.of post-puber.al r.I. As a r.sult, physiological age should be consider.d when evaluating cattle for.feed efficiency using r.I.

关键词： Cattle Puber.y r.sidual Feed Intake

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Glyphosate as a dir.ct or.indir.ct activator.of pr.-inflammator. signaling and cognitive impair.ent

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell charles F.Zor.mski Depar.ment of Psychiatr. Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor.Family Institute for.Innovative Psychiatr.c r.sear.h Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based her.icides ar. widely used ar.und the wor.d, making it likely that most humans have significant exposur.. Because of habitual exposur., ther. ar. concer.s about toxicity including neur.toxicity that could r.sult in neur.logical, psychiatr.c, or.cognitive impair.ent. We r.cently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-ter. potentiation, a cellular.model of lear.ing and memor., in r.t hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after.injection, indicating that glyphosate-based her.icides can alter.cognitive function. Glyphosate-based her.icides could adver.ely affect cognitive function either.indir.ctly and/or.dir.ctly. Indir.ctly, glyphosate could affect gut micr.biota, and if dysbiosis r.sults in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltr.ted bacter.al by-pr.ducts such as lipopolysacchar.des could activate pr.-inflammator. cascades. Glyphosate can also dir.ctly tr.gger.pr.-inflammator. cascades. Indeed, we obser.ed that acute glyphosate exposur. inhibits long-ter. potentiation in r.t hippocampal slices. Inter.stingly, dir.ct inhibition of long-ter. potentiation by glyphosate appear. to be similar.to that of lipopolysacchar.des. Ther. ar. sever.l possible measur.s to contr.l dysbiosis and neur.inflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietar. intake of polyphenols, such as quer.etin, which over.ome the inhibitor. effect of glyphosate on long-ter. potentiation, could be one effective str.tegy. The aim of this nar.ative r.view is to discuss possible mechanisms under.ying neur.toxicity following glyphosate exposur. as a means to identify potential tr.atments.

关键词： cognitive impair.ent glyphosate micr.glia neur.inflammation r.undup toll-like r.ceptor.4 zinc chelation

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Thr.e-year.field study on gr.ss gr.wth and soil hydr.logical pr.per.ies in biochar.amended soil

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Jour.al of r.ck Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineer.ng 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo charles Wang Wai Ng Junjun Ni Qi Zhang Yuchen Wang Depar.ment of Civil and Envir.nmental Engineer.ng The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Tr.nspor.ation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field monitor.ng was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-ter. effects of peanut shell biochar.on soil-gr.ss inter.ction over.thr.e *** 10 m5 m gr.ssed plots wer. constr.cted in completely decomposed gr.nitic *** of them wer. amended,r.spectively,with 5%and 10%biochar.contents(m3/m3)for.gr.ss gr.wth,while the thir. was without biochar.*** the thr.eyear.monitor.ng,plant char.cter.stics,satur.ted water.per.eability(ks)of gr.ssed soil and soil suction wer. *** monitor.d r.sults show that the gr.ss leaf ar.a index(LAI)and r.ot length density(r.D)with biochar.amendment wer. impr.ved by 38%and 200%,*** the gr.ssed plot without biochar.a thr.shold r.D existed with a value of 1.7 cm/cm3,beyond which ks r.ised *** thr.shold r.D incr.ased by 52%when biochar.content incr.ased fr.m 0%to 10%.This implies that biochar.may r.str.ct the incr.ase in ks of gr.ssed soil due to the r.se in the thr.shold *** pr.sence of biochar.and gr.ss can r.tain over.100%higher.suction after.heavy r.infalls,while 54%lower.peak suction under.evapotr.nspir.tion(ET)compar.d with the non-amended *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydr.ulic pr.per.ies caused by plant gr.wth and r.duce ET-induced excessive water.loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar.content is r.commended for.the long-ter. management of vegetated ear.hen infr.str.ctur.s.

关键词： Soil-gr.ss inter.ction Biochar long-ter. Water.infiltr.tion Soil dr.ing

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long-ter. monitor.ng of cycles in Clethr.onomys r.tilus in the Yukon bor.al for.st

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： charles J.Kr.BS Alice J.KENNEY B.Scott GILBEr. r.dy BOONSTr. Depar.ment of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada r.newable r.sour.es Management Pr.gr.m Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Depar.ment of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small r.dent populations in undistur.ed ecosystems ar. *** r.por. her. 50 year. of mon-itor.ng and exper.mentation in Yukon of a dominant r.dent species in the Nor.h Amer.can bor.al for.st,the r.d-backed vole Clethr.onomys *** voles br.ed in summer.weigh 20–25 g,and r.ach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per.*** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year.cycles for.the last 50 year. with the only change being that peak densities aver.ged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 year.,we have measur.d food r.sour.es,pr.dator.number.,and winter.weather.and for.1-year.social inter.ctions,to estimate their.contr.bution to changes in the r.te of summer.incr.ase and the r.te of over.inter.*** these potential limiting factor. could contr.bute to changes in density,and we measur.d their.r.lative contr.butions statistically with multiple *** r.te of winter.decline in density was r.lated to both food supply and winter.*** r.te of summer.incr.ase was r.lated to summer.ber.y cr.ps and white spr.ce cone *** measur. of pr.dator.number. was r.lated to winter.or.summer.changes in vole *** was a lar.e signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer.population gr.wth and only a weak one in winter.population *** of our.r.sults pr.vide a clear.under.tanding of what gener.tes 3–4-year.cycles in these voles,and the major.missing piece may be an under.tanding of social inter.ctions at high density.

关键词： bor.al for.st climate change density dependence population cycles pr.dation winter.sever.ty

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Applying Ear.h Obser.ation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,Califor.ia

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Disaster.r.sk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： Fynnwin Pr.ger.Mar.na T.Mendoza charles K.Huyck Adam r.se Paul Amyx Gr.gor. Yetman Kr.sty F.Tiampo Califor.ia State Univer.ity Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA Univer.ity of Souther. Califor.ia Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center.for.Inter.ational Ear.h Science Infor.ation Networ. Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooper.tive Institute for.r.sear.h in Envir.nmental Sciences(CIr.S) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Ear.h obser.ation(EO) technologies,such as ver. high-r.solution optical satellite data available fr.m Maxar.can enhance economic consequence modeling of disaster. by captur.ng the fine-gr.ined and r.al-time behavior.l r.sponses of businesses and the *** investigated this unique appr.ach to economic consequence modeling to deter.ine whether.cr.wd-sour.ed inter.r.tations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavior.l r.sponses that could be used for.computable gener.l equilibr.um modeling of supply chain r.per.ussions and r.silience *** applied our.methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic exper.ence in Los Angeles County,Califor.ia as a case *** also pr.posed a dynamic adjustment appr.ach to account for.the changing char.cter.of EO thr.ugh longer.ter. disaster. in the economic modeling *** found that despite limitations,EO data can incr.ase sector.l and tempor.l r.solution,which leads to significant differ.nces fr.m other.data sour.es in ter.s of dir.ct and total impact *** findings fr.m this analytical appr.ach have impor.ant implications for.economic consequence modeling of disaster.,as well as pr.viding useful infor.ation to policymaker. and emer.ency manager.,whose goal is to r.duce disaster.costs and to impr.ve economic r.silience.

关键词： Computable gener.l equilibr.um models COVID-19 Disaster.economic impacts Ear.h obser.ation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cr.ptic speciation of Steller. chamaejasme *** a major.biodiver.ity hotspot

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Jour.al of Integr.tive Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar.r.na Hum Kala r.na Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng charles C.Davis Hang Sun CAS Key Labor.tor. for.Plant Diver.ity and Biogeogr.phy of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Ar.ansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integr.tive Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA CAS Key Labor.tor. of Plant Ger.plasm Enhancement and Specialty Agr.cultur. Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Depar.ment of Or.anismic and Evolutionar. Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest China compr.se a significant lar.e mountain r.nge and biodiver.ity hotspot imper.led by global climate *** high species diver.ity in this mountain system has long been attr.buted to a complex set of factor.,and r.cent lar.e-scale macr.evolutionar. investigations have placed a br.ad timeline on plant diver.ification that str.tches fr.m 10 million year. ago(Mya)to the *** our.incr.asing under.tanding of the tempor.l mode of speciation,finer.scale populationlevel investigations ar. lacking to better.r.fine these tempor.l tr.nds and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cr.ptic *** is lar.ely due to the dear.h of or.anismal sampling among closely r.lated species and populations,spanning the incr.dible size and topological heter.geneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionar. dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomor.hological data of Steller. chamaejasme *** identified four.pr.viously unr.cognized cr.ptic species having indistinct mor.hological tr.its and lar.e metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a mor. r.cent diver.ification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),lar.ely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factor. likely influenced allopatr.c speciation and advocated cyclical war.ing–cooling episodes along elevational gr.dients dur.ng the *** study r.fines the evolutionar. timeline to be much younger.than pr.viously implicated and r.ises the concer. that pr.jected futur. war.ing may influence the alpine species diver.ity,necessitating incr.ased conser.ation effor.s.

关键词： cr.ptic speciation glacial-inter.lacial Hengduan Mountains nor.h-south migr.tion Steller. chamaejasme

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植物重力感受:从淀粉体沉降到蛋白极性再定位

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科学通报 2024年第1期69卷 12-14页

作者：乐捷龙英强中国科学院植物研究所植物分子生理重点实验室北京100093 中国科学院大学北京100049

1880年charles Dar.in在The Power.of Movement in Plants一书中曾详细记载对植物向性生长的观察结果,包括向重性、向光性、向水性等^([1]).重力是地球表面无时无刻不存在的一种环境因子,植物向重性生长是经过长期适应重力环境并演化形... 详细信息

1880年charles Dar.in在The Power.of Movement in Plants一书中曾详细记载对植物向性生长的观察结果,包括向重性、向光性、向水性等^([1]).重力是地球表面无时无刻不存在的一种环境因子,植物向重性生长是经过长期适应重力环境并演化形成的植物生长和发育特性.

关键词：向光性向性重力感受地球表面环境因子向重性生长和发育

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