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Jour.al of Bior.sour.es and Biopr.ducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： charles Michael Alber. Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tr.pical For.str. Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their.dur.bility,ver.atility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites ar. widely used as building *** fact that these mater.als ar. flammable,however.r.ises a major.wor.y since they might cause fir. hazar.s and significant loss of life and *** ar.icle investigates the var.ables that affect fir. per.or.ance as well as the var.ous fir.-r.tar.ant tr.atments and their.*** cur.ent developments and challenges in impr.ving the fir. per.or.ance of wood and wood-based composites tr.ated with fir.-r.tar.ant mater.als ar. summar.zed in this ***,or.anic chemicals,and densification ar. some r.cent developments in fir.-r.tar.ant tr.atments that ar. also *** points fr.m the r.view ar. summar.zed,along with potential ar.as for.fur.her.r.sear.h and development.

关键词： Fir. per.or.ance Fir.-r.tar.ant mater.als Wood Wood-based composite Nanopar.icles coating Sur.ace char.ing Bio-based fir. r.tar.ant Densification

Otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.m factor. associated with female r.sident r.pr.sentation

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Wor.d Jour.al of Otor.inolar.ngology-Head and Neck Sur.er. 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick James C.Campbell charles r.Woodar. Lar. J.Gr.mm Alissa M.Collins Duke Univer.ity School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of Head and Neck Sur.er.&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Depar.ment of r.diology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Female r.pr.sentation in the field of otolar.ngology is *** is the fir.t point at which medical school gr.duates specialize in a chosen field and thus r.pr.sents an oppor.unity to r.cr.it and tr.in mor. female *** study sought to identify pr.gr.m factor. associated with gr.ater.female r.pr.sentation among r.sident ***:Depar.mental websites of all 124 otolar.ngology r.sidency pr.gr.ms in the United States and Puer.o r.co wer. examined for.a list of *** pr.gr.ms with a r.sident r.ster.available,the gender. of r.sidents,faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.,and chair.er.ons wer. *** and city population for.each pr.gr.m was also r.cor.ed,as was female r.sident *** wer. compar.d using Pear.on Chi‐squar.d univar.ate ***:1,632 r.sidents and 2,605 faculty wer. included in the analysis of 109 *** median female r.sident r.pr.sentation was 40%.Pr.gr.ms with lar.er.faculty sizes,mor. female faculty,and ur.an location wer. associated with an above‐median female r.sident *** with a lar.er.r.sidency cohor. appr.ached significance r.gar.ing above‐median female r.sident *** female faculty r.pr.sentation,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.gender.chair.er.on gender.and US r.gion wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident ***:Gr.ater.female otolar.ngology r.sidency r.pr.sentation was associated with pr.gr.ms having an ur.an location and gr.ater.number. of female and total *** was also likely that a lar.er.r.sident cohor. size may affect female r.sident *** pr.por.ions of female faculty,pr.gr.m dir.ctor.and chair.er.on gender.as well as the US r.gion,wer. not associated with var.ation in female r.sident gender.r.pr.sentation.

关键词： gender pr.gr.m dir.ctor r.cr.itment r.sidency tr.ining

Histor.c,pr.-stock enhancement,demogr.phic conditions of exploited populations of dusky flathead,Platycephalus fuscus,in easter. Austr.lia

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Aquacultur. and Fisher.es 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： charles A.Gr.y WildFish r.sear.h Grays PointSydney2232Australia

r.sponsible stock enhancement initiatives r.quir. baseline data of wild population demogr.phic conditions that can be used in testing management *** study pr.vides the fir.t fisher.-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological char.cter.stics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in easter. Austr.lia pr.or.to stock *** was conducted over.seven estuar.es spanning seven degr.es of latitude and the geogr.phical r.nge of pr.posed stock *** in all estuar.es showed evidence of length and age tr.ncation,especially those subject to commer.ial fisher.es wher. young individuals of both sexes dominated *** longevities wer. 12 and 11 year. for.females and males r.spectively,but few females>5 year. and males>3 year. wer. gener.lly *** dominated populations,and on aver.ge,the mean lengths and ages of females wer. gr.ater.than males within each estuar. and acr.ss all age *** dimor.hic var.ation in gr.wth was evident acr.ss all estuar.es,with females attaining gr.ater.maximum lengths than ***-specific differ.nces in individual gr.wth wer. not *** aver.ge,over.50%of females sampled in each estuar. wer.>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for.*** contr.st,over.25%of males in each estuar. wer.>the mean length at matur.ty(L50),wher.as in all but one estuar.r.>the *** male and female *** should r.cr.it to the fisher. in 2 and 3 year.,and contr.bute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 year.,*** study pr.vides impor.ant histor.cal baseline data that can contr.bute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.

关键词： Baseline data Fisher. enhancement Management evaluation Platycephalidae r.cr.ational fishing r.stocking Stock assessment

Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:under.tanding a novel neur.developmental disor.er

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： charles H.Nelson Udai B.Pandey Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Childr.n’s Neur.science Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The r.cent identification of a neur.developmental disor.er.with cer.bellar.atr.phy and motor.dysfunction(NEDCAM)has r.sulted in an incr.ased inter.st in GEMIN5,a multifunction r.A-binding *** the lar.est member.of the sur.ival motor.neur.n complex,GEMIN5 plays a key r.le in the biogenesis of small nuclear.r.bonucleopr.teins while also exhibiting tr.nslational r.gulator. functions as an independent *** many questions r.main r.gar.ing both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disor.er.consider.ble pr.gr.ss has been made in the br.ef time since its *** this r.view,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the str.ctur.,function,and expr.ssion of the pr.tein specifically in r.gar. to the disor.er.***,we explor. the cur.ent animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular.pathways for.tr.atment and futur. dir.ctions of *** r.view pr.vides a compr.hensive over.iew of r.cent advances in our.under.tanding of this unique member.of the sur.ival motor.neur.n complex.

关键词： cer.bellar.atr.phy GEMIN5 neur.developmental disor.er neur.logical disease SMN complex

Nr.2 signaling cascade in amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis:br.dging the gap between pr.mise and r.ality

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： Pauline Tar.t Chr.stelle Lasbleiz Jean-charles Liévens MMDN Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance CNr. ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis is a ver. disabling disease due to the degener.tion of motor.*** include muscle weakness and atr.phy,spasticity,and pr.gr.ssive ***,ther. is no tr.atment to r.ver.e damage to motor.neur.ns and cur. amyotr.phic later.l *** only two tr.atments actually appr.ved,r.luzole and edar.vone,have shown mitigated beneficial *** difficulty to find a cur. lies in the complexity and multifaceted patter. of amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis *** mechanisms,abnor.al r.A metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic tr.nspor. defects,accumulation of unfolded pr.tein,and mitochondr.al dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice ver.a.A potent ther.peutic str.tegy will be to find molecules that br.ak this vicious *** the nuclear.factor.er.thr.id-2 r.lated factor.2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear.factor.er.thr.id-2 r.lated factor.2 has a multitar.et pr.file contr.lling antioxidant defense,mitochondr.al functioning,and *** her. discuss the inter.st of developing nuclear.factor.er.thr.id-2 r.lated factor.2-based ther.py in r.gar. to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we pr.vide a gener.l over.iew of the attempted clinical assays in amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis.

关键词： amyotr.phic later.l scler.sis C9or.72 Nr.2 oxidative defense oxidative str.ss sulfor.phane super.xide dismutase 1 TDP43

Endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss,autophagy,neur.inflammation,and sigma 1 r.ceptor. as contr.butor. to depr.ssion and its tr.atment

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika Fujii charles F.Zor.mski Yukitoshi Izumi Depar.ment of Psychiatr. Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor.Family Institute for.Innovative Psychiatr.c r.sear.h Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factor. contr.buting to depr.ssion and other.neur.psychiatr.c disor.er. ar. lar.ely undefined. Endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss pathways and autophagy ar. well-defined mechanisms that play cr.tical functions in r.cognizing and r.solving cellular.str.ss and ar. possible tar.ets for.the pathophysiology and tr.atment of psychiatr.c and neur.logic illnesses. An incr.asing number.of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss and autophagy in the contr.l of neur.inflammation, a contr.buting factor.to multiple neur.psychiatr.c illnesses. Initial inflammator. tr.gger. induce endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss, leading to neur.inflammator. r.sponses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neur.ster.ids and other.signaling pathways that conver.e on autophagy induction ar. thought to par.icipate in r.solving neur.inflammation. The aim of this r.view is to summar.ze our.cur.ent under.tanding of the molecular.mechanisms gover.ing the induction of endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss, autophagy, and neur.inflammation in the centr.l ner.ous system. Studies focused on innate immune factor., including neur.ster.ids with anti-inflammator. r.les will be r.viewed. In the context of depr.ssion, animal models that led to our.cur.ent under.tanding of molecular.mechanisms under.ying depr.ssion will be highlighted, including the r.les of sigma 1 r.ceptor. and phar.acological agents that dampen endoplasmic r.ticulum str.ss and associated neur.inflammation.

关键词： allopr.gnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neur.ster.ids postpar.um depr.ssion quer.etin

Metabolic r.pr.gr.mming of the inflammator. r.sponse in the ner.ous system:the cr.ssover.between inflammation and metabolism

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第10期19卷 2189-2201页

作者： Jesus Amo-Apar.cio charles A.Dinar.llo r.ben Lopez-Vales Depar.ment of Medicine University of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA Institute of Neur.sciences and Department Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Centr. de Investigación Biomédica en r.d sobr. Enfer.edades Neur.degener.tivas(CIBEr.ED) Instituto de Salud Carlos ⅢSpain

Metabolism is a fundamental pr.cess by which biochemicals ar. br.ken down to pr.duce ener.y(catabolism) or.used to build macr.molecules(anabolism). Metabolism has r.ceived r.newed attention as a mechanism that gener.tes molecules that modulate multiple cellular.r.sponses. This was fir.t identified in cancer.cells as the War.ur. effect, but it is also pr.sent in immunocompetent cells. Studies have r.vealed a bidir.ctional influence of cellular.metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic r.pr.gr.mming in immune cell activation and effector.functions. Metabolic pr.cesses such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphor.lation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to under.o dynamic changes dur.ng immune cell r.sponse, facilitating the ener.etic and biosynthetic demands. This r.view aims to pr.vide a better.under.tanding of the metabolic r.pr.gr.mming that occur. in differ.nt immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on centr.l ner.ous system disor.er.. Under.tanding the metabolic changes of the immune r.sponse not only pr.vides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that r.gulate immune cell function but also opens new appr.aches for.ther.peutic str.tegies aimed at manipulating the immune system.

关键词： centr.l ner.ous system fatty acid oxidation glycolysis inflammation macr.phage metabolism micr.glia neur.degener.tion oxidative phosphor.lation

New evidence for.the epigenetic r.gulation of skeletal stem cells

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2004-2006页

作者： Liming Zhao Jun Xiao charles K.F.Chan Institute for.Stem Cell Biology and r.gener.tive Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Depar.ment of Sur.er. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305USA Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030China

Skeletal stem cells(SSCs)ar. cr.cial for.skeletal development and r.gener.tion,yet the epigenetic r.gulation of these cells r.mains poor.y *** studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape acr.ss the developmental tr.jector. of SSCs,highlighting the involvement of Ptip in r.gulating SSC *** skeletal system under.oes dynamic r.modeling thr.ughout *** stem cells(SSCs),r.siding within the skeleton and lineage-r.str.cted,ser.e as a cellular.r.ser.e to foster.development and maintain skeletal *** categor.zed within the br.ader.mesenchymal str.mal/stem cells(MSCs).

关键词： skeletal involvement maintain

Glyphosate as a dir.ct or.indir.ct activator.of pr.-inflammator. signaling and cognitive impair.ent

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell charles F.Zor.mski Depar.ment of Psychiatr. Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor.Family Institute for.Innovative Psychiatr.c r.sear.h Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based her.icides ar. widely used ar.und the wor.d, making it likely that most humans have significant exposur.. Because of habitual exposur., ther. ar. concer.s about toxicity including neur.toxicity that could r.sult in neur.logical, psychiatr.c, or.cognitive impair.ent. We r.cently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-ter. potentiation, a cellular.model of lear.ing and memor., in r.t hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after.injection, indicating that glyphosate-based her.icides can alter.cognitive function. Glyphosate-based her.icides could adver.ely affect cognitive function either.indir.ctly and/or.dir.ctly. Indir.ctly, glyphosate could affect gut micr.biota, and if dysbiosis r.sults in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltr.ted bacter.al by-pr.ducts such as lipopolysacchar.des could activate pr.-inflammator. cascades. Glyphosate can also dir.ctly tr.gger.pr.-inflammator. cascades. Indeed, we obser.ed that acute glyphosate exposur. inhibits long-ter. potentiation in r.t hippocampal slices. Inter.stingly, dir.ct inhibition of long-ter. potentiation by glyphosate appear. to be similar.to that of lipopolysacchar.des. Ther. ar. sever.l possible measur.s to contr.l dysbiosis and neur.inflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietar. intake of polyphenols, such as quer.etin, which over.ome the inhibitor. effect of glyphosate on long-ter. potentiation, could be one effective str.tegy. The aim of this nar.ative r.view is to discuss possible mechanisms under.ying neur.toxicity following glyphosate exposur. as a means to identify potential tr.atments.

关键词： cognitive impair.ent glyphosate micr.glia neur.inflammation r.undup toll-like r.ceptor.4 zinc chelation

Plant gr.fting:Molecular.mechanisms and applications

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Molecular.Plant 2024年第1期17卷 75-91页

作者： Ming Feng Fr.uke Augstein Abdul Kar.em charles W.Melnyk Depar.ment of Plant Biology Linnean Center for Plant BiologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlmas allé575651 UppsalaSweden

People have gr.fted plants since antiquity for.pr.pagation,to incr.ase yields,and to impr.ve str.ss *** cutting and joining of tissues activates an incr.dible r.gener.tive ability as differ.nt plants fuse and gr.w as *** over.a hundr.d year.,people have studied the scientific basis for.how plants ***,new techniques and a deepening knowledge of the molecular.basis for.gr.ft for.ation have allowed a r.nge of pr.viously ungr.ftable combinations to ***,we r.view r.cent developments in our.under.tanding of gr.ft for.ation,including the attachment and vascular.for.ation *** analyze why plants gr.ft and how biotic and abiotic factor. influence successful *** also discuss the ability and inability of plants to gr.ft,and how gr.fting has tr.nsfor.ed both hor.icultur. and fundamental plant *** our.knowledge about plant gr.fting impr.ves,new combinations and techniques will emer.e to allow an expanded use of gr.fting for.hor.icultur.l applications and to addr.ss fundamental r.sear.h questions.

关键词： plant gr.fting r.gener.tion mobile molecules tissue adhesion vascular.differ.ntiation str.ss toler.nce