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Passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and assessment of clinical outcomes

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第12期9卷 603-612页

作者： Michael C Hsu charles n weber S William Stavropoulos Timothy W Clark Scott O Trerotola Richard D Shlansky Goldberg Michael C Soulen Gregory J nadolski Department of Radiology Division of Interventional RadiologyMount Sinai Hospital Department of Radiology Division of Interventional RadiologyHospital of the University of Pennsylvania

AIM To assess for passive expansion of sub-maximally dilated transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts(TIPS) and compare outcomes with maximally dilated TIPS.METHODS Polytetrafluoroethylene covered TIPS(Viatorr) from July 2002 to December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed at two hospitals in a single institution. Two hundred and thirty patients had TIPS maximally dilated to 10 mm(m TIPS), while 43 patients who were at increased risk for hepatic encephalopathy(HE), based on clinical evaluation or low pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient(PSG), had 10 mm TIPS sub-maximally dilated to 8 mm(sm TIPS). Group characteristics(age, gender, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, post-TIPS PSG and clinical outcomes were compared between groups, including clinical success(ascites or varices), primary patency,primary assisted patency, and severe post-TIPS HE. A subset of fourteen patients with sm TIPS underwent follow-up computed tomography imaging after TIPS creation, and were grouped based on time of imaging(nd > 6 mo). Change in diameter and crosssectional area were measured with 3D imaging software to evaluate for passive expansion.RESULTS Patient characteristics were similar between the sm TIPS and m TIPS groups, except for pre-TIPS portosystemic gradient, which was lower in the sm TIPS group(19.4 mm Hg ± 6.8 vs 22.4 mm Hg ± 7.1, P = 0.01). Primary patency and primary assisted patency between sm TIPS and m TIPS was not significantly different(P = 0.64 and 0.55, respectively). Four of the 55 patients(7%) with sm TIPS required TIPS reduction for severe refractory HE, while this occurred in 6 of the 218 patients(3%) with m TIPS(P = 0.12). For the 14 patients with follow-up computed tomography(CT) imaging, the median imaging follow-up was 373 d. There was an increase in median TIPS diameter, median percent diameter change, median area, and median percent area change in patients with CT follow-up greater than 6 mo after TIPS placement compared to follow-up within 6 mo(8.45 mm, 5.58%, 56.04 mm^2, and 11.48%, respecti

关键词： Variceal 出血门高血压 Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic 分流腹水亚 maximal 膨胀 Underdilated 被动扩大肝的 encephalopathy

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Metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system:the crossover between inflammation and metabolism

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2189-2201页

作者： Jesus Amo-Aparicio charles A.Dinarello Ruben Lopez-Vales Department of Medicine University of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA Institute of neurosciences and Department Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas(CIBERnED) Instituto de Salud Carlos ⅢSpain

Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.

关键词： central nervous system fatty acid oxidation glycolysis inflammation macrophage metabolism microglia neurodegeneration oxidative phosphorylation

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Applying Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) to Aeromagnetic Data to Estimate Depth to Magnetic Sources in the Mamfe Sedimentary Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Eric n. ndikum charles T. Tabod Department of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Aeromagnetic data over the Mamfe Basin have been processed. A regional magnetic gridded dataset was obtained from the Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) data grid using a 3 × 3 convolution (Hanning) filter to remove regional trends. Major similarities in magnetic field orientation and intensities were observed at identical locations on both the regional and TMI data grids. From the regional and TMI gridded datasets, the residual dataset was generated which represents the very shallow geological features of the basin. Processing this residual data grid using the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) for magnetic depth suggests that the estimated depths to magnetic sources in the basin range from about 271 m to 3552 m. The highest depths are located in two main locations somewhere around the central portion of the study area which correspond to the area with positive magnetic susceptibilities, as well as the areas extending outwards across the eastern boundary of the study area. Shallow magnetic depths are prominent towards the nW portion of the basin and also correspond to areas of negative magnetic susceptibilities. The basin generally exhibits a variation in depth of magnetic sources with high, average and shallow depths. The presence of intrusive igneous rocks was also observed in this basin. This characteristic is a pointer to the existence of geologic resources of interest for exploration in the basin.

关键词： Mamfe Basin Aeromagnetic Data Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) Depth to Magnetic Sources

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Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 22-29页

作者： Tatiana charles nicolas Bloemers Bilal Kapanci Marc Jayankura Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology HUB-Hospital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium

BACKGROUnD Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates.Approaches to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single approach.AIM To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fractures.METHODS This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university hospital.Between March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the approach.Dislocation rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 mo.RESULTS Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient comorbidities.Surgical data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the groups.The 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep infection.The rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the groups.COnCLUSIOn These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures is assoc

关键词： Hemiarthroplasty Femoral neck fracture Direct anterior approach Posterior approach Dislocation Mortality

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Assessing Community Health Interventions in Reducing Infant and Child Mortality in the Southeastern Benin

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 17-28页

作者： charles Sossa Jerome Daouda Gbadamassi Lamidhi Salami Colette Azandjeme Clémence Metonnou Moussiliou n. Paraiso Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin national Medical and Sanitary Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Health Policy and Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Background: To reduce infant and child mortality in Benin, a package of high-impact interventions per healthcare level was implemented in 2009. This study aimed to assess the quality of community-based health interventions in reducing infant and child mortality within the municipality of Pobè in southeastern Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluative study carried out in november 2021 focused on children aged 0 - 59 months, their mothers, health workers, community facilitators, community health workers and the Town Hall health focal point. Mothers and their children were targeted by cluster sampling, and exhaustive selection was used to recruit all other participants. Predetermined scores based on rating criteria were used to assess the quality of community health interventions using the “input, process and outcome” of Donabedian approach. Results: Over 300 mother-child couples, 46 community health workers, 7 health agents, 1 community facilitator and 1 health focal point from Pobè town hall were surveyed. Intervention quality was judged as “average”, with a score of 73.80%. The “inputs” and “outcomes” components were the weakest links. Conclusion: Improving access to the inputs needed by community health workers can enhance the quality of PIHI interventions.

关键词： Community-Based Interventions Infant and Child Mortality Benin

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Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A Case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,California

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： Fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza charles K.Huyck Adam Rose Paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy F.Tiampo California State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA ImageCat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIn–Center for International Earth Science Information network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences(CIRES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the public.We investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience effects.We applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,California as a case study.We also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling context.We found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact results.The findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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An Interview with Peter Deadman—Acupuncture Pioneer and Founder of The Journal of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 19-28页

作者： Ioannis Solos charles Buck Peter Deadman Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom British Acupuncture Council London W129HQthe United Kingdom The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine London WC1N 3GSthe United Kingdom

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).

关键词： Acupuncture Medicine herbal

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

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natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li n. Stauch Laura M. Grossner Maya B. Zepeda James W. Grice charles I. Abramson Department of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Comparative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and memory in honey bees (Apis mellifera). The series of experiments outlined in this paper aimed to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experiments in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee performance and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experiment examined if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the amount of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a time. The second experiment explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experiments tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishment based on cap weight. These experiments contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis mellifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

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In-situ study of the microstructure evolution during tension of a Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloy processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation technique

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 2024-2040页

作者： Jen? Gubicza Kristián Máthis Péter nagy Péter Jenei Zoltán Heged?s Andrea Farkas Jozef Vesely Shin-ichi Inoue Daria Drozdenko Yoshihito Kawamura Department of Materials Physics Faculty of Science E?tv?s Loránd University Department of Physics of Materials Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Magnesium Research Center Kumamoto University

Mg-Y-Zn-Al alloys processed by rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation（RSRC） technique exhibit an exceptional mechanical performance indicating promising application potential. This material has a bimodal microstructure consisting of fine recrystallized and coarse non-recrystallized grains with solute-rich stacking faults forming cluster arranged layers（CALs） and nanoplates（CAnaPs）, or complete long period stacking ordered（LPSO） phase. In order to reveal the deformation mechanisms, in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction line profile analysis was employed for a detailed study of the dislocation arrangement created during tension in Mg-0.9% Zn-2.05% Y-0.15%Al（at%） alloy. For uncovering the effect of the initial microstructure on the mechanical performance, additional samples were obtained by annealing of the as-consolidated specimen at 300 and 400 ℃ for 2 h. The heat treatment at 300 ℃ had no significant effect on the initial microstructure, its evolution during tension and, thus, the overall deformation behavior under tensile loading. On the other hand,annealing at 400 ℃ resulted in a significant increase of the recrystallized grains fraction and a decrease of the dislocation density, leading to only minor degradation of the mechanical strength. The maximum dislocation density at the failure of the samples corresponding to the plastic strain of 10-25% was estimated to be about 16-20 × 1014m-2. The diffraction profile analysis indicated that most dislocations formed during tension were of non-basaland pyramidaltypes, what was also in agreement with the Schmid factor values revealed independently from orientation maps. It was also shown that the dislocation-induced Taylor hardening was much lower below the plastic strain of 3% than above this value, which was explained by a model of the interaction between prismatic dislocations and CAnaPs/LPSO plates.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y-Al alloy Long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase Cluster arranged nanoplates (CAnaPs) Annealing Tension Dislocation density Hardening

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Integrated Geological and Geophysical Mapping for Groundwater Potential Studies at Ekwegbe-Agu and Environs, Enugu State, nigeria

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第4期14卷 513-547页

作者： charles Chibueze Ugbor Ugochukwu Kingsley Ogbodo Osita Kelechi Eze Department of Geology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

The study integrates both the geological and geophysical mapping techniques for groundwater potential studies at Ekwegbe-Agu and the environs, Enugu state, nigeria for optimal citing of borehole. Located in the Anambra Basin between latitudes 6˚43'n and 6˚47'n and longitudes 7˚28'E and 7˚32'E, it is stratigraphycally underlain by, from bottom to top, the Enugu/nkporo, Mamu and Ajali Formation respectively, a complex geology that make citing of productive borehole in the area problematic leading to borehole failure and dry holes due to inadequate sampling. The study adopted a field and analytic sampling approach, integrating field geological, electrical resistivity and self-potential methods. The software, SedLog v3.1, InterpexIx1Dv.3, and Surfer v10 were employed for the data integration and interpretation. The result of the geological field and borehole data shows 11 sedimentary facies consisting of sandstone, shales and heterolith of sandstone/shale, with the aquifer zone mostly prevalent in the more porous sand-dominated horizons. Mostly the AK and HK were the dominant curve types. An average of 6 geo-electric layers were delineated across all transects with resistivity values ranging from 25.42 - 105.85 Ωm, 186.38 - 3383.3 Ωm, and 2992 - 6286.4 Ωm in the Enugu, Mamu and Ajali Formations respectively. The resistivity of the main aquifer layer ranges from 1 to 500 Ωm. The aquifer thickness within the study area varies between 95 and 140 m. The western and northwestern part of the study area which is underlain mainly by the Ajali Formation showed the highest groundwater potential in the area and suitable for citing productive boreholes.

关键词： Seismic Ekwegbe-Agu Groundwater Resistivity Field Mapping Borehole Logging

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