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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： charles michael Albert Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite nanoparticles coating Surface charring Bio-based fire retardant Densification

Historic,pre-stock enhancement,demographic conditions of exploited populations of dusky flathead,Platycephalus fuscus,in eastern Australia

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： charles A.Gray WildFish Research Grays PointSydney2232Australia

Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management *** study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock *** was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock *** in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated *** longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally *** dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age *** dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than ***-specific differences in individual growth were not *** average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(mLL),but the opposite was evident for *** contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuarymales were>the *** male and female *** should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,*** study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.

关键词： Baseline data Fishery enhancement management evaluation Platycephalidae Recreational fishing Restocking Stock assessment

nRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： Pauline Tarot Christelle Lasbleiz Jean-charles Liévens mmDn Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance CnRS ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor *** include muscle weakness and atrophy,spasticity,and progressive ***,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral *** only two treatments actually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated beneficial *** difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** mechanisms,abnormal RnA metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic transport defects,accumulation of unfolded protein,and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa.A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious *** the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense,mitochondrial functioning,and *** here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C9orf72 nRF2 oxidative defense oxidative stress sulforaphane superoxide dismutase 1 TDP43

Endoplasmic reticulum stress,autophagy,neuroinflammation,and sigma 1 receptors as contributors to depression and its treatment

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2202-2211页

作者： Chika Fujii charles F.Zorumski Yukitoshi Izumi Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

The etiological factors contributing to depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders are largely undefined. Endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and autophagy are well-defined mechanisms that play critical functions in recognizing and resolving cellular stress and are possible targets for the pathophysiology and treatment of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses. An increasing number of studies indicate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy in the control of neuroinflammation, a contributing factor to multiple neuropsychiatric illnesses. Initial inflammatory triggers induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to neuroinflammatory responses. Subsequently, induction of autophagy by neurosteroids and other signaling pathways that converge on autophagy induction are thought to participate in resolving neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Studies focused on innate immune factors, including neurosteroids with anti-inflammatory roles will be reviewed. In the context of depression, animal models that led to our current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying depression will be highlighted, including the roles of sigma 1 receptors and pharmacological agents that dampen endoplasmic reticulum stress and associated neuroinflammation.

关键词： allopregnanolone fluvoxamine ketamine neurosteroids postpartum depression quercetin

Function and dysfunction of GEmIn5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： charles H.nelson Udai B.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(nEDCAm)has resulted in an increased interest in GEmIn5,a multifunction RnA-binding *** the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex,GEmIn5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its *** this review,we examine GEmIn5 within the context of nEDCAm,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of nEDCAm,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy GEmIn5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease Smn complex

Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： mahad m Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns charles F mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A maranho Eduardo n novais Young-Jo Kim Ata m Kiapour Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUnD The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pnificantly smaller femoral head size in older ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).COnCLUSIOn There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil hydraulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： Haowen Guo charles Wang Wai ng Qi Zhang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding the pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting shallow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly when dealing with different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,the hydrological response of vegetated slopes,especially three-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with shrubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires further *** address this issue,this study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating hydraulic interactions between the root system of the shrub and the surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate the influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h intense and 168-h mild rainfall)are considered to study the hydrological response of the *** computed results show that 17%higher transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,which remains even after a short,intense rainfall with a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for the short rainfall duration(4 h),while the delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are highly recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h).The presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with a short duration(4 h).For the long duration(168 h),the benefit of the plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Three-dimensional(3D)

metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system:the crossover between inflammation and metabolism

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2189-2201页

作者： Jesus Amo-Aparicio charles A.Dinarello Ruben Lopez-Vales Department of medicine University of ColoradoAuroraCOUSA Institute of neurosciences and Department Cell BiologyPhysiology and ImmunologyUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades neurodegenerativas(CIBERnED) Instituto de Salud Carlos ⅢSpain

metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy(catabolism) or used to build macromolecules(anabolism). metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.

关键词： central nervous system fatty acid oxidation glycolysis inflammation macrophage metabolism microglia neurodegeneration oxidative phosphorylation

Applying Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) to Aeromagnetic Data to Estimate Depth to magnetic Sources in the mamfe Sedimentary Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Eric n. ndikum charles T. Tabod Department of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Aeromagnetic data over the mamfe Basin have been processed. A regional magnetic gridded dataset was obtained from the Total magnetic Intensity (TmI) data grid using a 3 × 3 convolution (Hanning) filter to remove regional trends. major similarities in magnetic field orientation and intensities were observed at identical locations on both the regional and TmI data grids. From the regional and TmI gridded datasets, the residual dataset was generated which represents the very shallow geological features of the basin. Processing this residual data grid using the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) for magnetic depth suggests that the estimated depths to magnetic sources in the basin range from about 271 m to 3552 m. The highest depths are located in two main locations somewhere around the central portion of the study area which correspond to the area with positive magnetic susceptibilities, as well as the areas extending outwards across the eastern boundary of the study area. Shallow magnetic depths are prominent towards the nW portion of the basin and also correspond to areas of negative magnetic susceptibilities. The basin generally exhibits a variation in depth of magnetic sources with high, average and shallow depths. The presence of intrusive igneous rocks was also observed in this basin. This characteristic is a pointer to the existence of geologic resources of interest for exploration in the basin.

关键词： mamfe Basin Aeromagnetic Data Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) Depth to magnetic Sources

Glyphosate as a direct or indirect activator of pro-inflammatory signaling and cognitive impairment

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2212-2218页

作者： Yukitoshi Izumi Kazuko A.O'Dell charles F.Zorumski Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used around the world, making it likely that most humans have significant exposure. Because of habitual exposure, there are concerns about toxicity including neurotoxicity that could result in neurological, psychiatric, or cognitive impairment. We recently found that a single injection of glyphosate inhibits long-term potentiation, a cellular model of learning and memory, in rat hippocampal slices dissected 1 day after injection, indicating that glyphosate-based herbicides can alter cognitive function. Glyphosate-based herbicides could adversely affect cognitive function either indirectly and/or directly. Indirectly, glyphosate could affect gut microbiota, and if dysbiosis results in endotoxemia(leaky gut), infiltrated bacterial by-products such as lipopolysaccharides could activate pro-inflammatory cascades. Glyphosate can also directly trigger pro-inflammatory cascades. Indeed, we observed that acute glyphosate exposure inhibits long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Interestingly, direct inhibition of long-term potentiation by glyphosate appears to be similar to that of lipopolysaccharides. There are several possible measures to control dysbiosis and neuroinflammation caused by glyphosate. Dietary intake of polyphenols, such as quercetin, which overcome the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on long-term potentiation, could be one effective strategy. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss possible mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity following glyphosate exposure as a means to identify potential treatments.

关键词： cognitive impairment glyphosate microglia neuroinflammation roundup toll-like receptor 4 zinc chelation