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Emerging artificial intelligence applications in liver magnetic resonance imaging

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6825-6843页

作者： charles E Hill Luca Biasiolli Matthew d Robson Vicente Grau Michael Pavlides department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX37DQUnited Kingdom Radcliffe department of Medicine University of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom MR Physics Perspectum LtdOxford OX42LLUnited Kingdom department of Engineering University of OxfordOxford OX37DQUnited Kingdom Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Division of Cardiovascular MedicineRadcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Translational Gastroenterology Unit University of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom

Chronic liver diseases(CLds)are becoming increasingly more prevalent in modern *** use of imaging techniques for early detection,such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),is crucial in reducing the impact of these diseases on healthcare *** intelligence(AI)algorithms have been shown over the past decade to excel at image-based analysis tasks such as detection and *** applied to liver MRI,they have the potential to improve clinical decision making,and increase throughput by automating *** Liver diseases becoming more prevalent in society,the need to implement these techniques to utilize liver MRI to its full potential,is *** this review,we report on the current methods and applications of AI methods in liver MRI,with a focus on machine learning and deep learning *** assess four main themes of segmentation,classification,image synthesis and artefact detection,and their respective potential in liver MRI and the wider *** provide a brief explanation of some of the algorithms used and explore the current challenges affecting the *** there are many hurdles to overcome in implementing AI methods in the clinic,we conclude that AI methods have the potential to positively aid healthcare professionals for years to come.

关键词： Liver diseases Magnetic resonance imaging Machine learning deep learning Artificial intelligence Computer vision

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Eustachian tube : structure, function, role in otitis media /

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2005年

作者： Bluestone charles d.

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Fundamentals of Investments: Valuation and Management 2nd Edition

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丛书名： The Irwin/McGraw-Hill series in finance,insurance,and real estate

2002年

作者： charles J. Corrado Bradford d. Jordan

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Real-time flood forecast and flood alert map over the Huaihe River Basin in China using a coupled hydro-meteorological modeling system

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第7期51卷 1049-1063页

作者： LIN charles A. department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Global Environmental and Climate Change Centre McGill UniversityMontreal Canada H3A 2K6

A coupled hydro-meteorological modeling system is established for real-time flood forecast and flood alert over the Huaihe River Basin in China. The system consists of the mesoscale atmospheric model MC2 (Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community) that is one-way coupled to the Chinese Xinanjiang distributed hydrological model, a grid-based flow routing model, and a module for acquiring real-time gauge precipitation. The system had been successfully tested in a hindcast mode using 1998 and 2003 flood cases in the basin, and has been running daily in a real-time mode for the summers of 2005 and 2006 over the Wangjiaba sub-basin of the Huaihe River Basin. The MC2 precipitation combined with gauge values is used to drive the Xinanjiang model for hydrograph prediction and production of flood alert map. The performance of the system is illustrated through an examination of real-time flood forecasts for the severe flood case of July 4―15, 2005 over the sub-basin, which was the first and largest flood event encountered to date. The 96-h forecasts of MC2 precipitation are first evaluated using observations from 41 rain gauges over the sub-basin. The forecast hydrograph is then validated with observations at the Wangjiaba outlet of the sub-basin. MC2 precipitation generally compares well with gauge values. The flood peak was predicted well in both timing and intensity in the 96-hour forecast using the combined gauge-MC2 precipitation. The real-time flood alert map can spatially display the propagation of forecast floods over the sub-basin. Our forecast hydrograph was used as opera-tional guidance by the Bureau of Hydrograph, Ministry of Water Resources. Such guidance has been proven very useful for the Office of State Flood Control and drought Relief Headquarters in operational decision making for flood management. The encouraging results demonstrate the potential of using mesoscale atmospheric model precipitation for real-time flood forecast, which can result in a longer le

关键词： coupled hydro-meteorological modeling system flood forecast flood alert map MC2

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Shock standards Cu, Ag, Ir, and Pt in a wide pressure range

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第4期8卷 37-46页

作者： Leonid Burakovsky dean L.Preston Scott d.Ramsey charles E.Starrett Roy S.Baty Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Although they are polymorphic(multiphase)materials,both copper and silver are reliable Hugoniot standards,and thus it is necessary to establish an accurate analytic model of their principal *** we present analytic forms of their principal Hugoniots,as well as those of iridium and platinum,two“pusher”standards for shock-ramp experiments,over a wide range of *** are based on our new analytic model of the principal Hugoniot[Burakovsky et al.,***.132,215109(2022)].Comparison of the four Hugoniots with experimental and independent theoretical data(such data exist to very high pressures for both copper and silver)demonstrates excellent ***,the new model for copper and silver can be considered as providing the corresponding Hugoniot standards over a wide pressure *** also suggest an approach for calculating the Grüneisen parameter along the Hugoniot and apply it to copper as a prototype,and our results appear to be in good agreement with the available data.

关键词： silver copper analytic

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Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns charles F Mitchell Robert L Parisien daniel A Maranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUNd The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(Pdespite significantly smaller femoral head size in older ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2d measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences

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Contribution of different granulometric populations to powder reactivity

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Particuology 2009年第1期7卷 39-44页

作者： Jean-charles Benezet Ali Benhassaine Ecole des Mines d’Alès 6 Avenue de Clavieres 30319 ALES CedexFrance Ecole des Mines d’Alès 6 Avenue de Clavieres 30319 ALES CedexFrance

In this article, different population contributions of quartz powders to chemical reactivity in pozzolanic reaction were studied. deconvolution software was used to show the different particle populations of each product. Reaction of quartz powder with lime in the pozzolanic reaction at 20 ℃ shows that reactivity of each powder population depends on its particle size. Adsorbed fine particles on coarse particle surfaces have a significant role in the first term of the reaction. In a second term, the micropowders react. The mesopowders react only in the last reaction terms. Until now, the reactivity of adsorbed powder has been attributed to amorphization of the particle surface.

关键词： Quartz population Reaction rate Curve deconvolution Powder granulometry Specific surface area

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The roles of black phosphorus in performance enhancement of halide perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 672-683页

作者： damir Aidarkhanov charles Surya Annie Ng department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering and Digital SciencesNazarbayev UniversityKabanbay Batyr Ave.53Nur-Sultan 010000Kazakhstan Innovation and Technology Commission Central Government Offices2 Tin Mei AvenueHong Kong 999077China

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PSCs) are considered to be the most promising thirdgeneration photovoltaic(PV) technology with the most rapid rate of increase in the power conversion efficiency(PCE). To date, their PCE values are comparable to the established photovoltaic technologies such as crystalline silicon. Intensive research activities associated with PSCs have been being performed,since 2009, aiming to further boost the device performance in terms of efficiency and stability via different strategies in order to accelerate the progress of commercialization. The emerging 2 d black phosphorus(BP) is a novel class of semiconducting material owing to its unique characteristics, allowing them to become attractive materials for applications in a variety of optical and electronic devices, which have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. However, comprehensive reviews focusing on the application of BP in PSCs are scarce in the community. This review discusses the research works with the incorporation of BP as a functional material in PSCs. The methodology as well as the effects of employing BP in different regions of PSCs are summarized. Further challenges and potential research directions are also highlighted.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Black phosphorus Power conversion efficiency Stability Low dimensional materials

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data analytics using canonical correlation analysis and Monte Carlo simulation

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 234-239页

作者： Jeffrey M.Rickman Yan Wang Anthony d.Rollett Martin P.Harmer charles Compson department of Physics Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA department of Materials Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213USA Almatis Inc. LeetsdalePA 15056USA

A canonical correlation analysis is a generic parametric model used in the statistical analysis of data involving interrelated or interdependent input and output *** is especially useful in data analytics as a dimensional reduction strategy that simplifies a complex,multidimensional parameter space by identifying a relatively few combinations of variables that are maximally *** shortcoming of the canonical correlation analysis,however,is that it provides only a linear combination of variables that maximizes these *** this in mind,we describe here a versatile,Monte-Carlo based methodology that is useful in identifying non-linear functions of the variables that lead to strong input/output *** demonstrate that our approach leads to a substantial enhancement of correlations,as illustrated by two experimental applications of substantial interest to the materials science community,namely:(1)determining the interdependence of processing and microstructural variables associated with doped polycrystalline aluminas,and(2)relating microstructural decriptors to the electrical and optoelectronic properties of thin-film solar cells based on CuInSe_(2) ***,we describe how this approach facilitates experimental planning and process control.

关键词： canonical analytic absorber

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Combination of Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction and direct Analysis in Real Time-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Sensitive and Rapid Analysis of 15 Phthalate Plasticizers in Beverages

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中国化学:英文版 2015年第2期33卷 213-219页

作者： Mengxi Wu Haoyang Wang Guoqing dong Brian d.Musselman charles C.Liu Yinlong Guo Shanghai Mass Spectrometry Center Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China IonSense Inc.999 BroadwaySuite 404SaugusMA 01906USA ASPEC Technologies Limited Room 1506RunFengDeShang Bldg ANo.60 An Li LuChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China

A method for rapid identification and quantification of phthalate plasticizers in beverages was developed.A number of 15 phthalate plasticizers which covered all the phthalates concerned in the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act(CPSIA),European Union legislations and Chinese national standards(GB)were *** a combined solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry(dART-MS)approach,phthalates at sub-ng•mL^(−1)levels can be qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in a short *** use of ultrahigh-resolving power and the accurate mass measurement capacity naturally provided by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(FT-ICR-MS)minimizes the matrix interferences and thus enables the evaluation of phthalates in a complex matrix without extensive sample handlings or *** limits of quantification(LOQs)were estimated to be at 0.3-5.0 ng•mL^(−1),lower than the Maximum Residue Limit(MRL)regulated by the European Union legislations(2007/19/EC)in foods,beverages,food packaging and toys(0.3-30 ng•mL^(−1)).This rapid and easy-to-use SPME-dART-FT-ICR-MS method provided a relatively high-throughput and powerful analytical approach for quick testing and screening phthalates in beverages and water samples to ensure food safety.

关键词： solid-phase micro-extraction direct analysis in real time Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry phthalates

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