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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jacob BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng charles c.davis Hang Sun cAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI computational Biology center Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA cAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest china comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate *** high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors,and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation,finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic *** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations,spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme *** identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more recent diversification(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic *** factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

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Pervasive hybridization during evolutionary radiation of Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes in mountains of southwest china

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 50-60页

作者： Yazhen Ma Xingxing Mao Ji Wang Lei Zhang Yuanzhong Jiang Yuying Geng Tao Ma Liming cai Shuangquan Huang Pete Hollingsworth Kangshan Mao Minghui Kang Yiling Li Wenlu Yang Haolin Wu Yang chen charles c.davis Nawal Shrestha Richard H.Ree Zhenxiang Xi Quanjun Hu Richard I.Milne Jianquan Liu Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan University State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou University Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria Harvard University Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal University Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Negaunee Integrative Research center Field Museum Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences The University of Edinburgh

Radiations are especially important for generating species biodiversity in mountainous *** contribution of hybridization to such radiations has rarely been ***,we use extensive genomic data to test whether hybridization was involved in evolutionary radiation within Rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes,whose members show strong geographic isolation in the mountains of southwest *** sequenced genomes for 143 species of this subgenus and 93 species of four other subgenera,and found that Hymenanthes was monophyletic and radiated during the late Oligocene to middle *** hybridization events were inferred within and between the identified clades and *** suggests that hybridization occurred both early and late during diversification of subgenus Hymenan thes,although the extent to which hybridization,speciation through mixing-isolation-mixing or hybrid speciation,accelerated the diversification needs further *** of isolation and contact in such and other montane ecosystems may have together promoted species radiation through hybridization between diverging populations and *** radiation processes may apply to other montane floras in this region and elsewhere.

关键词： evolutionary radiation hybridization rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes montane flora

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DNA origami mediated electrically connected metal–semiconductor junctions

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1419-1426页

作者： Basu R.Aryal Dulashani R.Ranasinghe Tyler R.Westover Diana G.calvopia Robert c.davis John N.Harb Adam T.Woolley Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Department of chemical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

DNA-based nanofabrication of inorganic nanostructures has potential application in electronics,catalysis,and *** DNA metallization has generated conductive DNA-assembled nanostructures;however,the use of semiconductors and the development of well-connected nanoscale metal-semiconductor junctions on DNA nanostructures are still at an early ***,we report the first fabrication of multiple electrically connected metal-semiconductor junctions on individual DNA origami by location-specific binding of gold and tellurium *** attachment to DNA origami was via DNA hybridization for Au and by electrostatic interaction for *** gold plating was used to create nanoscale metal-semiconductor interfaces by filling the gaps between Au and Te ***-point electrical characterization indicated that the Au-Te-Au junctions were electrically connected,with current-voltage properties consistent with a Schottky ***-based nanofabrication of metal-semiconductor junctions opens up potential opportunities in nanoelectronics,demonstrating the power of this bottom-up approach.

关键词： current-voltage measurement DNA nanofabrication electroless plating gold nanorods nanoelectronics tellurium nanorods

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美国护理文化在中国的适应性研究

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中华护理杂志 2003年第12期38卷 951-953页

作者：徐照珉徐俞 Debra c.davis 郑州大学第二附属医院内科 450003 美国南阿拉巴马大学护理学院

目的 :探讨美国本科护理教育课程纲要在中国的文化适用性。探索建立适用于全球的本科护理教育课程模式的可能性。方法 :对中国 11所护理学院进行问卷调查。结果 :由于中美两国国情、道德观念及文化传统等方面的差异 ,导致双方在护理教... 详细信息

目的 :探讨美国本科护理教育课程纲要在中国的文化适用性。探索建立适用于全球的本科护理教育课程模式的可能性。方法 :对中国 11所护理学院进行问卷调查。结果 :由于中美两国国情、道德观念及文化传统等方面的差异 ,导致双方在护理教育体制上既具有一致性又具有差异性。结论 :在把美国的护理课程纲要引入和实施到中国的护理教育过程中 ,要注重学习和借鉴 ,同时要结合中国的国情 ,使之适合本国文化的要求。

关键词：美国护理文化中国适应性课程

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On deaf ears, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in pathogenesis crohn's and other diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第48期21卷 13411-13417页

作者： William c.davis Department Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State University

The historic suggestion that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(Map) might be a zoonotic pathogen was based on the apparent similarity of lesions in the intestine of patients with crohn's disease(cD) with those present in cattle infected with Map, the etiological agent of Johne's disease. Reluctance to fully explore this possibility has been attributed to the difficulty in demonstrating the presence of Map in tissues from patients with cD. Advances in technology have resolved this problem and revealed the presence of Map in a significant proportion of patients with cD and other diseases. The seminal finding from recent investigations, however, is the detection of Map in healthy individuals with no clinical signs of disease. The latter observation indicates all humans are susceptible to infection with Map and lends support to the thesis that Map is zoonotic, with a latent stage of infection similar to tuberculosis, where infection leads to the development of an immune response that controls but does not eliminate the pathogen. This clarifies one of the reasons why it has been so difficult to document that Map is zoonotic and associated with the pathogenesis of cD and other diseases. As discussed in the present review, a better understanding of the immune response to Map is needed to determine how infection is usually kept under immune control during the latent stage of infection and elucidate the triggering events that lead to disease progression in the natural host and pathogenesis of cD and immune related diseases in humans.

关键词： crohn's disease Johne's disease Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis Animal model Monoclonalantibodies Flow cytometry cytokines

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Glass transition: from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses along the path of reaching the final equilibrium

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Science china chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 46-53页

作者： Guangcui Yuan charles c.Han center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology USA Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

Glass transition involves a many-body interaction and relaxation process. The splk of relaxation spectrum and the extremely slow dynamics bring into considerations of non-linearity and non-equilibrium. Some of our recent findings in two measurable colloidal systems are reviewed, one with a simple attractive interparticle potential and the other with a competitive （repulsive vs. attractive） inter-particle interaction. With an approach from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses, along the path of reaching the final equilibrium, we illustrate some interesting physics in glass formation process. Also, some reviews on the popular glass transition theories are made to remind readers to avoid artifacts and misinterpretations.

关键词： glass transition slow dynamics polymer colloid

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Effect of TiN Particles and Grain Size on the charpy Impact Transition Temperature in Steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第10期28卷 878-888页

作者： J.Du M.Strangwood c.L.davis School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham

The toughness of ferritic steels is influenced by the grain size distribution, second phase, precipitates and coarse inclusions. In this work an examination of the effect of coarse TiN particles （〉0.5 μm） and ferrite grain size on the charpy impact transition temperature in high strength low alloyed steels has been carried out. Steels with high Ti content （up to 0.045 wt%）, have been heat-treated and furnace cooled to obtain a ferrite-pearlite microstructure with different ferrite grain sizes. coarse TiN particle size and ferrite grain size distributions have been measured and charpy impact testing has been carried out. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analysis has been used to measure the grain boundary carbide thickness and to determine if the coarse TiN particles are acting as cleavage initiation sites by fractographic analysis. The charpy ductile-brittle transition temperatures （DBTT） have been predicted using standard literature equations, and compared to the measured values. The relationship between the ferrite grain size and coarse TiN particle size and number density in terms of whether the coarse TiN particles act as effective cleavage initiation sites is discussed in this paper.

关键词： TiN particles Grain size charpy impact test Ductile-brittle transitiontemperatures (DBTT) Steels

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Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第10期9卷 1000-1002页

作者： charles c.Lee Department of comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University

For the mammalian brain to process and decipher the rich panoply of sounds that abound in the world, nature has evolved an elegant collection of neural circuits dedicated to this task. Indeed, the complexity, variety and number of neural pathways devoted to computing auditory information is unique among sensory modalities （Kaas, 2008）. After the initial sensorineural encoding of sound at the level of the cochlea, auditory information is processed in several lower brainstem centers and eventually converges in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus （Wenstrup, 2005）, Subsequently, auditory information is transferred through the thalamus, the medial geniculate body, and then the auditory cortex （Winer et al., 2005; Razak and Fuzessery, 2010; Hackett, 2011; Lee and Sherman, 2011; Lee and Winer, 2011;

关键词： Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways body Figure

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利用人工智能技术降低运载火箭的操作费用

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国外导弹与航天运载器 1991年第7期 33-40页

作者： Tom c.davis 龙永毅

由于受到目前和将来的预算限制,运载火箭的高额地面操作费用正逐渐影响着国家航宇局(NASA)和国防部承担空间飞行任务的能力。在过去的四年中,肯尼迪航天中心(KSc)一直致力于研究利用人工智能技术降低运载火箭的地面操作费用以及提高操... 详细信息

由于受到目前和将来的预算限制,运载火箭的高额地面操作费用正逐渐影响着国家航宇局(NASA)和国防部承担空间飞行任务的能力。在过去的四年中,肯尼迪航天中心(KSc)一直致力于研究利用人工智能技术降低运载火箭的地面操作费用以及提高操作的可靠性与安全性。本文将介绍有关研究成果,包括对一些系统的描述和节省成本评估。这些系统涉及到运载火箭发射控制室软件和硬件的实时诊断与配置控制、发射操作系统的实时自动诊断与控制、智能发射决策、智能天气预报以及其它一些应用。肯尼迪航天中心的开发工作与NASA民用服务人员及辅助承包商所控制的三个人工智能实验室有关,其中包括现代化的符号处理软硬件及工业界与学术界签订的一些合同。目前,研究内容包括15个开发项目,投资额为250万美元,为了支持美国空军新型运载火箭的研究计划,投资额可能增加到350万美元。

关键词：人工智能计算机运载火箭费用

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Multiplication factor for open ground storey buildings–a reliability based evaluation

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第2期15卷 283-295页

作者： Haran Pragalath D.c Avadhoot Bhosale Robin davis P Pradip Sarkar Department of civil Engineering NIT Rourkela

Open Ground Storey（OGS） framed buildings where the ground storey is kept open without infill walls, mainly to facilitate parking, is increasing commonly in urban areas. However, vulnerability of this type of buildings has been exposed in past earthquakes. OGS buildings are conventionally designed by a bare frame analysis that ignores the stiffness of the infill walls present in the upper storeys, but doing so underestimates the inter-storey drift（ISD） and thereby the force demand in the ground storey columns. Therefore, a multiplication factor（MF） is introduced in various international codes to estimate the design forces（bending moments and shear forces） in the ground storey columns. This study focuses on the seismic performance of typical OGS buildings designed by means of MFs. The probabilistic seismic demand models, fragility curves, reliability and cost indices for various frame models including bare frames and fully infilled frames are developed. It is found that the MF scheme suggested by the Israel code is better than other international codes in terms of reliability and cost.

关键词： frames probabilistic vulnerability facilitate details Probability codes multiplication drift columns

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