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What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 255-263页

作者： Sarah P f Bonny graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-franois Hocquette School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat＇ are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time.

关键词： artificial meat in vitro meat meat industry consumer satisfaction sustainable production

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The Cretaceous Turn of Geological Evolution: Key Evidence from East Asia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2018年第5期92卷 1991-2003页

作者： Victor P.NECHAEV DAI Shifeng f.Lin SUTHERLAND Ian T.graham Eugenia V.NECHAEVA far East Geological Institute Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Engineering School Far Eastern Federal University State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology Geoscience Australian Museum PANGEA Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales

this work focuses on one of the critical points of Earth＇s history when the Solar System passed through the most distant point of its galactic orbit. During this event, Earth may have suffered from maximum extension, associated with its relative proximity to the Sun at that time, followed by long-term contraction related to its later distancing. This paper is based on generalized data on the Cretaceous evolution of the Earth as a whole and of East Asia in particular. The evidence suggests that major geological processes at this time may be interpreted as transitional changes in the state of Earth. A liquid nature of its core may have reacted to the gravitational and electromagnetic transformations. When the cosmic changes took place at 135-120 Ma, more turbulent flows in the outer core would have favoured the rise of voluminous magmatic plumes and associated fluid flows. These would substantially transform the mantle, crust, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. In particular, plume-related melting of overlying subducting slabs and lower continental crust could have initiated numerous adakitic melts that formed the East Asian Adakitic Province. These and associated juvenile events produced numerous metallic ore, coal, gas and oil deposits. The Cretaceous is one of the most significant resource-producing periods.

关键词： Cretaceous geological evolution galactic orbit super plume adakitic rocks coal ore and petroleum resources

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COMPARISON Of OPTICAL POLARIMETRY AND DIffUSION TENSOR MR IMAGING fOR ASSESSING MYOCARDIAL ANISOTROPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第2期3卷 109-121页

作者： MARIKA A.WALLENBURG MIHAELA POP MICHAEL f.G.WOOD NIRMALYA GHOSH graham A.WRIGHT I.ALEX VITKIN Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics610 University Avenue TorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9 Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center2075 Bayview Avenue TorontoONCanadaM5N 3M5 IISER Kolkata Mohanpur CampusP.O.BCKV Campus Main Office Mohanpur 741252West BengalIndia Ontario Cancer Institute Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging University Health Network and University of Toronto Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology 610 University AvenueTorontoOntarioCanada M5G 2M9

We have recently proposed an optical method for assessing heart structure that uses polarized light measurement of birefringence as an indicator of tissue *** highly aligned nature of healthy cardiac muscle tissue has a detectable effect on the polarization of light,resulting in a measurable phase shift(“retardance”).When this organized tissue structure is perturbed,for example after cardiac infarction(heart attack),scar tissue containing disorganized collagen is formed,causing a decrease in the measured retardance ***,these are dependent not only on tissue anisotropy,but also on the angle between the tissue’s optical anisotropy direction and the beam interrogating the *** remove this experimental ambiguity,we present a method that interrogates the sample at two different incident beam angles,thus yielding enough information to uniquely determine the true magnitude and orientation of the tissue optical *** use an infarcted porcine heart model to compare these polarimetryderived anisotropy metrics with those obtained with diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging(DT-MRI).The latter yields the anisotropy and the direction of tissue water diffusivity,providing an independent measure of tissue *** optical and MR results are thus directly compared in a common ex vivo biological model of interest,yielding reasonable agreement but also highlighting some technique-specific differences.

关键词： Birefringence Mueller matrix decomposition fractional anisotropy diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging myocardial infarction

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Snowball Earth is dead! Long live Snowball Earth!

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Episodes 2006年第4期29卷 287-288页

作者： graham A. Shields Institut für Geologie und Palaeontologie Westfaeilische-Wilhelms Universitaet Correnstr. 24 48149 Münster Germany

Ticino in southern Switzerland played host this summer to a most extraordinary meeting of minds. About eighty scientists from all over the world came together in the exquisite setting of Monte Verita to discuss possibly the coldest spell in our planet＇s long history： the Cryogenian Period. ‘Snowball Earth 2006＇ was organized by a research group at the ETH in Zurich under the leadership of Professor Philip Allen, now at Imperial College, London, and was the first conference to focus solely on this topic. The Cryogenian global freeze of about 7204535 million years ago closely preceded--some would say ominously so--the first fossil evidence for animal life on Earth, and as such has attracted the attention of natural scientists worldwide. Such a resurgence of interest in deep Earth history has not been witnessed since the great K/T boundary debate of the early 1980s. On the first day of the conference, on a hot and sultry evening during the hottest July on record, it was ice of a different kind that was being broken high above Lago Maggiore. The first hesitant introductions over chilled white wine made it clear that a tluly multidisciplinary throng had been invited for what promised to be a vigorous debate on the causes and effects of Neoproterozoic climate change. Gathered for the ＇snowball fight＇ were geologists, palaeobiologists, geochemists, geophysicists and climate modellers, all of whom would, one-by-one over the coming five days, borrow centre stage to offer their unique perspective on this most polarizing of topics.

关键词：瑞士雪球气候变化二氧化碳全球变暖环境气候问题

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SCHISTOX: An individual based model for the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 438-447页

作者： Matthew graham Diepreye Ayabina Tim CD.Lucas Benjamin S.Collyer graham f.Medley T.Deirdre Hollingsworth Jaspreet Toor Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Environment and Health Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics(J-IDEA)School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonW21PGUnited Kingdom

A stochastic individual based model,SCHISTOX,has been developed for the study of schistosome transmission dynamics and the impact of control by mass drug *** novel aspects that can be investigated include individual level adherence and access to treatment,multiple communities,human sex population dynamics,and implementation of a potential *** of the model parameters have been estimated within previous studies and have been shown to vary between communities,such as the age-specific contact rates governing the age profiles of ***,uncertainty remains as there are wide ranges for certain parameter values and a few remain relatively *** analyse the model dynamics by parameterizing it with published parameter *** also discuss the development of SCHISTOX in the form of a publicly available open-source GitHub *** next key development stage involves validating the model by calibrating to epidemiological data.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Individual based model Mass drug administration

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Update of Meat Standards Australia and the cuts based grading scheme for beef and sheepmeat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1641-1654页

作者： Sarah P.f.Bonny Rachel A.O'Reilly David W.Pethick graham E.Gardner Jean-francois Hocquette Liselotte Pannier School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia Clermont Université INRAVetAgro SupUMR1213Recherches sur les HerbivoresSaint-Genes Champanelle F-63122France

Changing markets and evolving consumer demand present new challenges for the beef and sheep industries. In response, the industry has been investing in innovations to deliver new products and management systems to consumers. One such innovation is the Meat Standards Australia（MSA） system. This system is a Total Quality Management System, aimed at delivering an eating quality guarantee to consumers, and through this adding value to the entire supply chain. At present, it is well developed for beef and still evolving for sheepmeat. MSA has identified Critical Control Points（CCPs） in the production, pre-slaughter, processing and value-adding aspects of the supply chain that impact on consumer palatability through the large-scale taste testing of meat by untrained consumers. These CCPs are used as either（1） mandatory criteria determining eligibility for grading, and（2） inputs in a model predicting the palatability of individual combinations of muscle and different cooking methods. Through the prediction of palatability, MSA increases consumer satisfaction and is used to provide assurance for branded products and new marketing innovations in Australia and internationally. This has added significant value to the Australian beef industry, with several retail examples demonstrating consumer willingness to pay more for premium quality beef and sheepmeat products based on the MSA grading scores. This price differential at retail allows the value of the carcass to be calculated based on the eating quality as well as the volume produced, thereby delivering a financial reward for farmers producing high quality carcasses. The continuous quality scale of MSA allows producers to realise the financial gain of incremental improvements in quality, as well as the precise economic weights associated with traits such as marbling, ossification score, or breed. The use of MSA in this fashion has underpinned a new and innovative supply chain where the pricing is transparent and allows produ

关键词： eating quality consumer beef sheep Meat Standards Australia international cut

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Relative fitness of susceptible and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on non-Bt diet and a diet containing a low concentration of two proteins

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Insect Science 2023年第2期30卷 398-410页

作者： Shucong Lin graham Head Paula Price Ying Niu fangneng Huang Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouriUSA

Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a destructive agricultural pest species that is targeted by both Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)maize and cotton in the United ***1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 are two Bt proteins expressed in a widely planted maize event MON *** this study,two tests(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)were conducted to evaluate the relative fitness of Bt-susceptible and-resistant *** on non-Bt diet(Test-Ⅰ and Test-Ⅱ)and a diet containing a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 at a low concentration(Test-Ⅱ only).Insect populations evaluated in Test-Ⅰ were two Bt-susceptible strains and three Bt-resistant strains(a single-protein Cry1A.105-,a single-protein Cry2Ab2-,and a dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant strains).Test-Ⅱ analyzed the same two susceptible strains,three backcrossed-and-reselected Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-single-/dual-protein-resistant strains,and three f1 heterozygous *** of life table parameters showed that neither the single-nor dual-protein Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 resistance in *** was associated with fitness costs under the test *** single Cry protein resistances at a concentration of a mix of Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 that resulted in a zero net reproductive rate for the two susceptible strains were functionally incomplete recessive or codominant,and the dual-protein resistance was completely *** lack of fitness costs could be a factor contributing to the rapid revolution of resistance to the Cry proteins in this *** generated from this study should aid our understanding of Cry protein resistance evolution and help in refining IRM programs for ***.

关键词： resistance management Cry1A.105 Cry2Ab2 fitness costs Helicoverpa zea low dose effect

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Extreme points, support points and the Loewner variation in several complex variables

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Science China Mathematics 2012年第7期55卷 1353-1366页

作者： graham Ian HAMADA Hidetaka KOHR Gabriela KOHR Mirela Department of Mathematics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada faculty of Engineering Kyushu Sangyo University 3-1 Matsukadai 2-Chome Higashi-ku Fukuoka 8138503 Japan faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Babe s-Bolyai University 1 M. Koga lniceanu Str. Cluj-Napoca 400084 Romania faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Babes-Bolyai University 1 M. Kogǎlniceanu Str. Cluj-Napoca 400084 Romania

In this paper we consider extreme points and support points for compact subclasses of normalized biholomorphic mappings of the Euclidean unit ball Bn in Cn. We consider the class So（Bn） of biholomorphic mappings on Bn which have parametric representation, i.e., they are the initial elements f（-, O） of a Loewner chain f（x,t） = etz ＋ ... such that {e-tf（.,t）}t≥o is a normal family on Bn. We show that if f（.,O） is an extreme point （respectively a support point） of So（Bn）, then e-t f（., t） is an extreme point of So（Bn） for t≥0 （respectively a support point of So（Bn） for t C [O, t0] and some to〉 0）. This is a generalization to the n-dimensional case of work due to Pell. Also, we prove analogous results for mappings which belong to So（Bn） and which are bounded in the norm by a fixed constant. We relate the study of this class to reachable sets in control theory generalizing work of Roth. finally we consider extreme points and support points for biholomorphic mappings of Bn generated by using extension operators that preserve Loewner chains.

关键词： biholomorphic mapping Loewner chain parametric representation reachable set starlike map-ping

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Quality of life:A critical outcome for all surgical treatmentsof gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1101-1113页

作者： Michael D McCall Peter J graham Oliver f Bathe Department of Surgery and the Division of Surgical Oncology University of CalgaryAlberta T2N 2T9Canada

Surgery represents the main curative therapeutic modality for gastric cancer, and it is occasionally considered for palliation as well as prophylaxis. Most frequently, surgical outcomes are conveyed in terms of oncological outcomes such as recurrence and ***, quality of life(Qo L) is also important and should be considered when making treatment decisions- including the extent of and approach to surgery. Measurement of Qo L usually involves the application of questionnaires. While there are multiple Qo L questionnaires validated for use in oncology patients, there are very few that have been validated for use in those with gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss and compare the current status of Qo L questionnaires in gastric cancer. More importantly, the impact of surgery for treatment, palliation and prophylaxis of gastric cancer on Qo L will be described. These data should inform the surgeon on the optimal approach to treating gastric cancer, taking into account oncological outcomes. Knowledge gaps are also identified, providing a roadmap for future studies.

关键词： Quality of life Gastric cancer Palliation Surgery Oncology

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LOCAL GOVERNMENT,ENTERPRISES AND INDIVIDUALS:ECONOMIC TRANSfORMATION IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA—A Case Study in Beijiao Township,Shunde City

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Chinese Geographical Science 2001年第3期11卷 20-31页

作者： De-sheng Xue Xiao-pei Yan graham Johnson Center for Urban and Regional Studies Zhongshan University Guangzhou P. R. China Center for Chinese Research University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

The Pearl River(Zhujiang)Delta(PRD)has been a focal point in reform era ac ademic circles not only for its dramatic industrial growth but a lso the simultaneous agricultural *** most of existing research on the PRDeconomic development and transformation fromthe whole region level,this paper explored this question f romthe perspec-tive of a township using Beijiao in Shunde City as a case *** the c onclusions of existing studies whic h attribute the regional economic transition to the macro factors,particularly the influence of external investment,t his research re-veals that at the level of township,t he local government,the town-villa ge owned enterprises and the individ uals have been playing remarkable roles in local economic *** the early stage since the economic reform,Beijiao township government,replacing the central a nd provincial governments before,b egan to manipulate the development o f town-village owned enterprises and lead the local economic transformation from agricultural to industrial *** the town-village owned enterprises grew during the later years,they gra dually acted as the main dominant pla yer leading the local agricultural and industrial *** the same time the individuals in Beijiao were playing more in dependent role to gain their most *** the local government changed to be t he real manager of local economies.S o the local economic transition was not entirely externally *** another word,the“driven from outsidemodel can not totally explain the economic fact in this specific region.

关键词： economic transformation local gov ernment enterprise individual

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