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Development and validation of a nomogram to predict allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 239-249页

作者： Guang-Xiang Gu Shu-Ting Pan Yi-chen Fan chen chen Qiang Xia Department of Liver Surgery Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineNo.160 Pujian RoadPudong New DistrictShanghai 200128China Department of Liver Transplantation Sun Yet-Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityNo.107 Yanjiang West RoadGuangzhou 510080China Clinical Center for Investigation Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Anesthesiology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina

Background Liver transplantation is the main treatment for cholestatic liver disease and some metabolic liver diseases in ***,no accurate prediction model to determine the survival probability of grafts prior to surgery *** study aimed to develop an effective prognostic model for allograft survival after pediatric liver *** This retrospective cohort study included 2032 patients who underwent pediatric liver transplantation between January 1,2006,and January 1,2020.A nomogram was developed using Cox regression and validated based on bootstrap *** and discriminatory accuracies were determined using the concordance index and visualized using calibration curves;net benefits were calculated for model *** online Shiny application was developed for easy access to the *** Multivariable analysis demonstrated that preoperative diagnosis,recipient age,body weight,graft type,preoperative total bilirubin,interleukin-1β,portal venous blood flow direction,spleen thickness,and the presence of heart disease and cholangitis were independent factors for survival,all of which were selected in the *** of the nomogram indicated that the 1-,3-,and 5-year predicted survival rates agreed with the actual survival *** concordance indices for graft survival at 1,3,and 5 years were 0.776,0.757,and 0.753,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scoring *** allograft dysfunction risk of a recipient could be easily predicted using the following URL:https://***/ASPELT/l Conclusion The allograft survival after pediatric liver transplantation(ASPELT)score model can effectively predict the graft survival rate after liver transplantation in children,providing a simple and convenient evaluation method for clinicians and patients.

关键词： Allograft survival Nomogram Pediatric liver transplantation

Research progresses and prospects of multi-sphere compound extremes from the Earth System perspective

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 343-374页

作者： Zengchao HAO Yang chen College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing100081China

Compound extremes,whose socioeconomic and ecological impacts are severer than that caused by each event occurring in isolation,have evolved into a hot topic in Earth Science in the past *** the context of climate change,many compound extremes have exhibited increasing frequency and intensity,and shown novel fashions of combinations,posing more pressing demands and tougher challenges to scientific research and disaster prevention and *** article,via a perspective of multi-sphere interactions within the Earth System,systematically reviews the status quo,new scientific understanding,and deficiencies regarding the definition,mechanism,change,attribution,and projection of compound *** study also sorts out existing challenges and outlines a potential roadmap in advancing the study on compound extremes with respect to data requirement,mechanistic diagnosis,numerical modeling,attribution and projection,risk assessment,and adaptive *** directions of compound extremes studies and key research topics that warrant multi-disciplinary and multisectoral coordinated efforts are also *** that climate change has reshaped the type of extremes,a transformation from the traditional single-event perspective to a compound-event perspective is needed for scientific research,disaster prevention and mitigation,and climate change adaptation,calling for bottom-up innovation in research objects,ideas,and *** article will add value to promoting the research on compound extremes and interdisciplinary cooperations.

关键词： Extremes Compound extremes Climate change and risk Multi-sphere interactions

A Secure Mutual Authentication Protocol Based on Visual Cryptography Technique for IoT-Cloud

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第1期33卷 43-57页

作者： Brou Bernard Ehui chen chen Shirui WANG Hua GUO Jianwei LIU School of Cyber Sciences and Technology Beihang University State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Sino-French Engineering School Beihang University Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang

Because of the increasing number of threats in the IoT cloud, an advanced security mechanism is needed to guard data against hacking or attacks. A user authentication mechanism is also required to authenticate the user accessing the cloud services. The conventional cryptographic algorithms used to provide security mechanisms in cloud networks are often vulnerable to various cyber-attacks and inefficient against new attacks. Therefore,developing new solutions based on different mechanisms from traditional cryptography methods is required to protect data and users’ privacy from attacks. Different from the conventional cryptography method, we suggest a secure mutual authentication protocol based on the visual cryptography technique in this paper. We use visual cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the secret images. The mutual authentication is based on two secret images and *** user requests the ticket from the authentication server(AS) to obtain the permission for accessing the cloud services. Three shared secret keys are used for encrypting and decrypting the authentication process. We analyze the protocol using the Barrows-Abadi-Needham(BAN)-logic method and the results show that the protocol is robust and can protect the user against various attacks. Also, it can provide a secure mutual authentication mechanism.

关键词： Visualization Cloud computing Data privacy Protocols Biometrics (access control) Authentication Resists

Toward Artificial Peptide Nanocapsules

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第10期16卷 240-243页

作者： Yuan Wang Bing chen Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Department of AnesthesiologyDivision of Critical Care MedicineBoston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Flexible Electronics(Future Technology) Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023People's Republic of China

HIGHLIGHTS The formation of peptide nanocapsules is facilitated by a gradient interface,where the differential solvent concentration drives the peptides to preferentially localize and *** peptide nanocapsules,characterized by their hollow structures,demonstrated potential as carriers for targeted drug delivery.1 Introduction Peptide nanocapsules are a type of nanoscale delivery system that encapsulates active substances within a shell composed of peptides,leveraging the unique properties of peptides such as biocompatibility and biodegradability[1].Historically,the development of peptide nanocapsules was inspired primordially by the natural biological processes.

关键词： Peptide nanocapsules Self-assembly Drug delivery Nanomedicine

Near-field wideband beam training for ELAA with uniform circular array

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 370-383页

作者： Yuhao chen Linglong DAI Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)

Extremely large-scale antenna array(ELAA) at millimeter wave(mmWave) and Terahertz(THz)band has been considered a key technology for combating high attenuation in high-frequency bands in future6G communications. Uniform circular arrays(UCAs) have attracted much attention because of their ability to provide flat beamforming gain at all angles. To realize efficient beamforming, beam training is widely used to acquire channel state information. However, with a large antenna number, the beam training overhead in ELAA systems becomes overwhelming. Moreover, with a large bandwidth, the beam defocus effect severely degrades beam training accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a frequency-dependent focusing(FDF)-based beam training scheme to realize effective beam training in near-field wideband ELAA systems with UCA. Specifically, we first analyze the FDF property of UCA, where signals at different subcarriers can simultaneously focus on different distances. Then, by exploiting the FDF property to search different distances using different subcarriers simultaneously, we design a hierarchical codebook and propose an FDFbased beam training scheme. To reveal the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, we compare its necessary beam training overhead with that of existing schemes. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve accurate beam training in near-field wideband UCA systems with a low beam training overhead.

关键词： extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) uniform circular array (UCA) near-field wideband beam training

Kerr black hole shadows cast by extraordinary light rays with Weyl corrections

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 18-26页

作者： Songbai chen Jiliang Jing Department of Physics Institute of Interdisciplinary StudiesKey Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationSynergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Center for Gravitation and Cosmology College of Physical Science and TechnologyYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

We investigate the equation of motion for photons with Weyl corrections in a Kerr black hole spacetime in a small coupling *** results show that Weyl corrections yield phenomena of *** light rays propagating in the spacetime are separated into the ordinary rays and the extraordinary rays,and the propagation of the latter depends on the *** probe the effects of Weyl corrections on the Kerr black hole shadows casted by the extraordinary rays and find that such corrections result in a weak stretching or squeezing in the vertical direction for the black hole ***,we also study the change of the length of the Near-Horizon Extremal Kerr line(NHEK line)with Weyl *** features could help us to understand the electrodynamics with Weyl corrections from black hole shadows.

关键词： correction light stretching

Minimum mass-entransy dissipation profile for one-way isothermal diffusive mass-transfer process with mass-resistance and massleakage

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2427-2435页

作者： chen LinGen XIA ShaoJun Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Mechanical Electrical EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Power Engineering Naval University of EngineeringWuhan 430033China

As a new concept,mass-entransy is one of the twins in the core of entransy *** can describe mass-transfer ability for masstransfer processes(MTPes),just as thermal-entransy for describing heat-transfer ***,mass-entransy dissipation can be utilized to evaluate the loss of mass-transfer *** mass-entransy dissipation(MMED) is utilized to optimize one-way isothermal diffusive MTPes with mass-leakage and mass-transfer law(g ∝ Δ(c),where c means concentration).For a given net amount of mass-transferred key components at the low-concentration side,optimality-condition for the MMED of isothermal diffusive MTPes is obtained by using the *** of the amount of mass-transferred and mass-leakage on optimal results are analyzed,and the obtained optimization profiles are compared with those for MTP profiles of constant-concentration-difference(c_1-c_2=const) and constant-concentration-ratio(c_1/c_2=const).The product of square of key-component-concentration(KCC) difference between high-and low-concentration sides and inert component concentration at high-concentration side for the MMED of the MTP with no mass-leakage is a constant,and the optimal relationship of the KCCs between high-and low-concentration sides with mass-leakage is significantly different from the *** mass-leakage is relatively small,the MTP with c_1-c_2=const strategy is superior to that with c_1/c_2=const strategy,and the latter is superior to the former with an increase in mass-leakage.A combination of mass-entransy concept,finite-time thermodynamics,and averaged-optimization-method is a meaningful tool for optimizing MTPes.

关键词： diffusive mass-transfer-law mass-leakage one-way isothermal mass-transfer minimum mass-entransy dissipation finite-time thermodynamics averaged-optimization-method

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Balancing Exploration–Exploitation of Multi-verse Optimizer for Parameter Extraction on Photovoltaic Models

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 1022-1054页

作者： Yan Han Weibin chen Ali Asghar Heidari Huiling chen Xin Zhang College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehranIran School of Biomedical Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and OptometryEye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China Key Lab of Biohealth Materials and Chemistry of Wenzhou Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina Key Laboratory of Intelligent Informatics for Safety&Emergency of Zhejiang Province Wenzhou UniversityWenzhouChina

Extracting photovoltaic(PV)model parameters based on the measured voltage and current information is crucial in the simulation and management of PV *** accurately and reliably extract the unknown parameters of different PV models,this paper proposes an improved multi-verse optimizer that integrates an iterative chaos map and the Nelder–Mead simplex method,*** experiments verified that the proposed INMVO fueled by both mechanisms has more affluent populations and a more reasonable balance between exploration and ***,to verify the feasibility and competitiveness of the proposal,this paper employed INMVO to extract the unknown parameters on single-diode,double-diode,three-diode,and PV module four well-known PV models,and the high-performance techniques are selected for *** addition,the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests were employed to test the experimental results *** evaluation metrics,such as root means square error,relative error,absolute error,and statistical test,demonstrate that the proposed INMVO works effectively and accurately to extract the unknown parameters on different PV models compared to other *** addition,the capability of INMVO to stably and accurately extract unknown parameters was also verified on three commercial PV modules under different irradiance and *** conclusion,the proposal in this paper can be implemented as an advanced and reliable tool for extracting the unknown parameters of different PV *** that the source code of INMVO is available at https://***/woniuzuioupao/INMVO.

关键词： Photovoltaic models Multi-verse optimizer Nelder-Mead simplex Iterative chaos map

Fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 289-303页

作者： Huanqing chen Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChinaChina

The latest researches reveal that studies on unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in China generally lag far behind those in other countries in respect of content and *** study presents the definition and classification of unconventional oil reservoirs and analyzes the problems in the fine description of unconventional oil *** key content of the fine description of unconventional oil reservoirs is summarized from four aspects:fine fracture characterization based on fine structure interpretation,reservoir architecture characterization based on sedimentary facies,characteristics of nanoscale microscopic pore structure of reservoir,and evaluation of source rock and“sweet spot zone”.Finally,this study suggests that development of fine description of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs in the future should focus on rock brittleness analysis and fracture modeling,geophysical characterization of unconventional clastic oil reservoirs,fluid description of tight reservoirs,and physical/numerical simulation experiments of unconventional oil reservoirs.

关键词： Unconventional clastic reservoir Fine reservoir description Oil sand Tight oilShale oil Fracture characterization Nanoscale microscopic pore structure Sweet spot