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Dynamics of low-speed streak evolution and interaction in laminar boundary layer

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2014年第5期30卷 636-645页

作者： Si-chao Deng Chong pan Jin-Jun Wang Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Beihang University

The present paper presents an experimental effort on the regeneration process of two low-speed laminar streaks in a zero-pressure-gradient laminar boundary layer. Two vertical thin wires separated by a spanwise distance of 30 mm are used to introduce disturbances of two rolls of transitional Karmain vortex street to the downstream boundary layer. Both hydrogen bubble visualization and particle image velocimetry （PIV） measurement show that two lowspeed streaks are induced through leading-edge receptivity process. As these streaks develop in the downstream, two additional low-speed streaks begin to appear outboard of the flank of the original two, together with complex dynamics of streak splitting and merging. A flow pattern of four streaks aligned along the spanwise direction occurs finally in the far downstream. It is found that besides the mechanisms of streak breakdown, the streak interaction is also an important factor characterizing the instability of low speed streaks and their regeneration process.

关键词： Low-speed streak - Boundary layer transition Streak reproduction

Biosynthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Dual-Antigen Nanoconjugate Vaccine Against Brucella melitensis

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 95-109页

作者： Jing Huang Yufei Wang Kangfeng Wang Shulei Li Peng Sun Yan Guo Jiankai Liu Ruifu Yang Ming Zeng Chao Pan Hengliang Wang Li Zhu State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100071China Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Beijing 102600China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100071China The Third Medical Center PLA General HospitalBeijing 100039China College of Life Science Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

Brucellosis,caused by Brucella,is one of the most common zoonosis.However,there is still no vaccine for human use.Although some live attenuated vaccines have been approved for animals,the protection effect is not ideal.In this study,we developed a dual-antigen nanoconjugate vaccine containing both polysaccharide and protein antigens against Brucella.First,the antigenic polysaccharide was covalently coupled to the outer membrane protein Omp19 using protein glycan coupling technology,and then it was successfully loaded on a nano-carrier through the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system.After confirming the efficient immune activation and safety performance of the dual-antigen nanoconjugate vaccine,the potent serum antibody response against the two antigens and remarkable protective effect in non-lethal and lethal Brucella infection models were further demonstrated through different routes of administration.These results indicated that the dual-antigen nanoconjugate vaccine enhanced both T helper 1 cell(Th1)and Th2 immune responses and protected mice from Brucella infection.Furthermore,we found that this protective effect was maintained for at least 18 weeks.To our knowledge,this is the first Brucella vaccine bearing diverse antigens,including a protein and polysaccharide,on a single nanoparticle.Thus,we also present an attractive technology for co-delivery of different types of antigens using a strategy applicable to other vaccines against infectious diseases.

关键词： Protein glycan coupling technology(PGCT) Dual-antigen Nanoconjugate vaccine Brucella melitensis

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日本静嘉堂文库藏宋本《钱塘集》考述

图书馆杂志 2021年第10期40卷 154-159,153页

作者：潘超山东大学儒学高等研究院山东济南250002

日本静嘉堂文库所藏宋刻本《钱塘韦先生文集》十四卷,是北宋士人韦骧的文集《钱塘集》现存唯一的宋刻本,并且为通行本的祖本,其中保存有多篇不见于通行本的佚诗、佚文以及韦骧自注,对研究北宋政治生态、文人交游活动有重要的文献价值。... 详细信息

日本静嘉堂文库所藏宋刻本《钱塘韦先生文集》十四卷,是北宋士人韦骧的文集《钱塘集》现存唯一的宋刻本,并且为通行本的祖本,其中保存有多篇不见于通行本的佚诗、佚文以及韦骧自注,对研究北宋政治生态、文人交游活动有重要的文献价值。一直以来,学界通行的《钱塘集》版本是光绪年间刻印的《武林往哲遗著》丛书本(以及依据该本整理的《全宋诗》《全宋文》),而该本实际与宋本《钱塘集》原貌相去甚远,并漏收诗文和大量韦骧的自注。考察静嘉堂本《钱塘集》,有助于我们重新审视这部宋代文集的文学和史料价值。

关键词：《钱塘集》韦骧《全宋诗》《全宋文》静嘉堂文库

Experimental study on the accumulative effect of multiple pulses on acceleration sensor

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第5期18卷 772-780页

作者： Jie Shen Yong He Xu-Chao Pan Zhong Fang Hong Chen Wan-li Zhang Yun-lei Shi School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China China Electronic Produce Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute Guangzhou510610China

Intentional electromagnetic interference is a serious threat to the safety of electronic devices. Multiple electromagnetic pulses will be coupled and transmitted to electronic devices through the cables.Accumulative effects are generated, which make it easier for damage to occur in the electronic devices. In this article, the working principle of micro-silicon acceleration sensors is introduced. The accumulative effects of multiple pulses on acceleration sensors is studied by a large number of injection experiments.The accumulation trends of multiple pulses with different pulse numbers and intervals are analyzed. The damaged structures inside abnormal sensor amplifiers were observed via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results show that the accumulative effect is strengthened with increased pulse number or decreased pulse interval, and the threshold voltage for multiple pulses on the acceleration sensor decreases. The threshold voltage for a single pulse is 321.57 V. When the pulse interval is 1 μs and the pulse number is 5, the threshold voltage for multiple pulses is 163.42 V,which is reduced by 49.12% compared with a single pulse. These results provide a reference for the damage design of electromagnetic pulse weapons.

关键词： Accumulative effect Multiple pulses Injection experiment Acceleration sensor Threshold voltage

Clathrin light chains regulate hypocotyl elongation by affecting the polarization of the auxin transporter PIN3 in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第11期63卷 1922-1936页

作者： Tianwei Hu Shoupeng Yin Jingbo Sun Yuting Linghu Jiaqi Ma Jianwei pan chao Wang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Chemistry and Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China College of Life Sciences Shaoxing UniversityShaoxing 312000China

PIN-FORMED(PIN)-dependent directional auxin transport is crucial for plant development. Although the redistribution of auxin mediated by the polarization of PIN3 plays key roles in modulating hypocotyl cell expansion, how PIN3 becomes repolarized to the proper sites within hypocotyl cells is poorly understood. We previously generated the clathrin light chain clc2-1 clc3-1 double mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that it has an elongated hypocotyl phenotype compared to the wild type. Here, we performed genetic, cell biology, and pharmacological analyses combined with live-cell imaging to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of clathrin light chains in hypocotyl elongation. Our analyses indicated that the defects of the double mutant enhanced auxin maxima in epidermal cells, thus, promoting hypocotyl elongation. PIN3 relocated to the lateral sides of hypocotyl endodermal cells in clc2-1 clc3-1 mutants to redirect auxin toward the epidermal cell layers.Moreover, the loss of function of PIN3 largely suppressed the long hypocotyl phenotype of the clc2-1 clc3-1 double mutant, as did treatment with auxin transport inhibitors. Based on these data, we propose that clathrin modulates PIN3 abundance and polarity to direct auxin flux and inhibit cell elongation in the hypocotyl, providing novel insights into the regulation of hypocotyl elongation.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin clathrin light chains hypocotyl elongation PIN3

POD analysis of the instability mode of a low-speed streak in a laminar boundary layer

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第6期33卷 981-991页

作者： Si-chao Deng Chong pan Jin-Jun Wang Akira Rinoshika Fluid Mechanics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Yamagata University

The instability of one single low-speed streak in a zero-pressure-gradient laminar boundary layer is investigated experimentally via both hydrogen bubble visualization and planar particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurement. A single low-speed streak is generated and destabilized by the wake of an interference wire positioned normal to the wall and in the upstream. The downstream development of the streak includes secondary instability and self-reproduction process, which leads to the generation of two additional streaks appearing on either side of the primary one. A proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) analysis of PIV measured velocity field is used to identify the components of the streak instability in the POD mode space: for a sinuous/varicose type of POD mode, its basis functions present anti-symmetric/symmetric distributions about the streak centerline in the streamwise component, and the symmetry condition reverses in the spanwise component. It is further shown that sinuous mode dominates the turbulent kinematic energy(TKE) through the whole streak evolution process, the TKE content first increases along the streamwise direction to a saturation value and then decays slowly. In contrast, varicose mode exhibits a sustained growth of the TKE content,suggesting an increasing competition of varicose instability against sinuous instability.

关键词： Low-speed streak Boundary layer transition Streak instability

Influences of harvester and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough rice

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第4期10卷 216-223页

作者： Ragab Khir Griffiths Atungulu Ding chao Zhongli pan Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureSuez Canal UniversityIsmailiaEgypt Department of Food Science University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomiesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit Western Regional Research CenterAgricultural Research ServiceU.S.Department of AgricultureAlbanyCA 94710USA

A better understanding of factors affecting field losses and milling quality during harvest is needed to improve the economic value of rice.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of harvester header,harvester type,and weather conditions on field loss and milling quality of rough rice.Four popular harvesters equipped with different headers:John Deere 9870 with header D60-S,John Deere 9860 with header D972-S,Hardy,and John Deere 9770 with stripper header were evaluated in this study.The header and total field losses of rice were evaluated for each harvester under regular,rainy and windy weather conditions.Tests were conducted in a rice field cultivated with medium grain rice,variety M206,at Grimes,CA.Total rice yield(TRY),head rice yield(HRY)and whiteness index(WI)were examined to evaluate the effect of weather conditions on milling quality.The obtained results revealed that the rice field loss was affected by harvester header and type,and weather conditions.Among the conventional headers,D60-S significantly reduced the rice loss compared to the D972-S and the Hardy.Harvesting with John Deere 9860 resulted in significant header and field loss compared to other tested harvesters.The average loss increased from 236.2 kg/hm^(2)and 445.2 kg/hm^(2)under regular condition to 711.1 kg/hm^(2)and 907.9 kg/hm^(2)under windy condition for John Deere 9870 and John Deere 9860,respectively.The corresponding loss percentages increased from 2.6%and 4.9%to 7.9%and 10.1%.HRY was significantly affected by weather condition at harvest time.However,the weather condition had no significant effect on TRY and WI.To minimize the rice field loss and obtain good milling quality,commercial rice harvesting during regular weather conditions is important.A proper combination of harvester type and header could be vital for reducing the rice loss.

关键词： rice harvesters field loss weather conditions milling quality harvester header

CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 modulates cognitive dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第2期135卷 205-215页

作者： Jiawei Xin chao Wang Xiaojuan Cheng Changfu Xie Qiuyang Zhang Yilang Ke Xuanyu Huang Xiaochun Chen Xiaodong pan Department of Neurology Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian 350001China Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350001China Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350001China School and Hospital of Stomatology Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350001China Department of Geriatrics Fujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian 350001China Fujian Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujian 350001China.

Background:Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation(SD).Here,the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1)in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning.In this study,we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD.Methods:Middle-aged wild-type(WT)C57BL/6 and CX3CR1^(−/−)mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep(S)for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night.After which,behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes.Results:CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments,unlike WT groups.Compared with the CX3CR1^(−/−)S group,the CX3CR1^(−/−)SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus(DG),decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors,whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted.Conclusions:These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD.The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates,which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.

关键词： Sleep deprivation Cognitive dysfunction Microglia CX3CR1 deficiency

Multifactorial role of HIV-Vpr in cell apoptosis revealed by a naturally truncated 54aa variant

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第7期134卷 845-847页

作者： Ling Du Cui-Song Wu Jun Sun Tong Yu pan-pan Lyu San-Feng Han chao Qiu Zhe-Feng Meng Key Laboratory of digestive cancer full cycle monitoring and precise intervention of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Minhang HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 201199China Department of infection the Third People’s Hospital of Zhenjiang CityZhenjiangJiangsu 212021China Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China.

Although antiretroviral therapy(ART)is effective at suppressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)replication,HIV-1 infection is still a global public health problem.HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein R(Vpr)is a multifunctional protein with a primary role in regulating cellular apoptosis.[1]The amino acid(aa)positions 52-96 in the C-terminus of Vpr were identified as the apoptosis-regulating domain.[2,3]In this study,we found a natural Vpr variant truncated at the 54 aa position(*54Vpr)from HIV patients in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)phase that mediated both pro-and antiapoptotic cellular effects by interacting with distinct adenine nucleotide translocator(ANT)isoforms.A novel apoptosis-regulating domain was further identified in the 23-37 aa position in the N-terminus of Vpr.

关键词： Vpr apoptosis HIV