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New materials of the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus trogontherii, with discussion on the origin and evolutionary patterns of mammoths

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 956-963页

作者： WEI GuangBiao HU SongMei YU KeFu HOU YaMei LI Xin jin changzhu WANG Yuan ZHAO JianXin WANG WenHua Chongqing Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology China Three Gorges MuseumChongqing 400015China Chongqing Three Gorges Culture and Social Development Research Institute Chongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 400047China Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology Xi’an 710054China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Chongqing Natural History Museum Chongqing 400013China Radiogenic Isotope Laboratory Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis(CMM)The University of QueenslandQld 4072Australia Production&Technology Department Strip MineZalainuoer Coal Industry Co.Ltd.Manzhouli 021412China

Recently found materials indicate that the steppe mammoth, Mammuthus trogontherii, survived in northern China into the late Pleistocene. East Asia is the key area of mammoth evolution after the initial radiation of early forms out of Africa and into Eurasia at the beginning of the late Pliocene (c. 3.5–3.0 Ma). M. rumanus, M. meridionalis, M. trogontherii, and M. primige- nius probably formed a continuous and transitional evolutionary lineage within the pan-Eurasian mammoth radiation in East Asia. Each speciation event of the Eurasian mammoths was followed by a rapid and large-scale dispersal event: out of East Asia. Allopatric speciation is the main speciation pattern of Mammuthus. The climatic vacillation was severe and frequent in East Asia from the early part of early Pleistocene (c. 2.6 Ma) onward, which probably brought about successive speciation in East Asia and the subsequent dispersal of the mammoths.

关键词： Mammuthus trogontherii Mammuthus sungari MSE allopatric speciation out of East Asia climate

A newly discovered Gigantopithecus fauna from Sanhe Cave, Chongzuo, Guangxi, South China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第5期54卷 788-797页

作者： jin changzhu QIN DaGong PAN WenShi TANG ZhiLu LIU jinYi WANG Yuan DENG ChengLong ZHANG YingQi DONG Wei TONG HaoWen Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Paleomagnetism and Geochronology Laboratory Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029. China

Among the most important faunas in the Late Cenozoic, the Gigantopithecus faunas have received a good deal of attention. The Gigantopithecus fauna recently discovered in Sanhe Cave consists of more than 80 mammal species, including cf. Hominidae, Pongo sp., Hylobates sp., Sinomastodon yangzien-sis, Stegodon preorientalis, Cervavitus fenqii, Dicoryphochoerus ultimus and Sus xiaozhu. It is the southernmost Gigantopithecus fauna found so far in China. Its geological age is estimated to be Early Pleistocene based on the fauna and stratigraphic correlation. The significant increase in the estimated body sizes of Ailuropoda, Gigantopithecus and Tapirus shows that the Sanhe fauna is middle Early Pleistocene, later than those from Wushan and Liucheng (early Early Pleistocene). Paleomagnetic dating of the fossil-bearing strata in Sanhe Cave gives an age of approximately 1.2 Ma. The fauna is characterized by tropical-subtropical forest types, including Pongo sp., Tupaia sp., Ia sp., Typhlomys intermedius, etc., and it lacks Palaearctic types. It is a typical tropical forest fauna, suggesting an en-vironment with a lush forest and a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the Sanhe Gigantopith-ecus fauna is significant for establishing the chronological stages of the Gigantopithecus faunas in China, and for discussing their origin, evolution and dynamics.

关键词：崇左市洞穴巨猿动物群化石

Correction to: LILRB4 ITIMs mediate the T cell suppression and infiltration of acute myeloid leukemia cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第3期17卷 302-304页

作者： Zunling Li Mi Deng Fangfang Huang changzhu jin Shuang Sun Heyu Chen Xiaoye Liu Licai He Ali H.Sadek Cheng Cheng Zhang Basic Medicine School Binzhou Medical UniversityYantaiShandong 264003China Department of Physiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5323 Harry Hines BoulevardDallasTX 75390USA Department of Hematology Zhongshan HospitalXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian 361000China Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Ministry of EducationSchool of Laboratory Medical and Life ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China

In this article,published online on 7 November 2019,there was an unintended error during image processing of Fig.1a and Fig.6c leading to wrong pictures to *** pictures have now been replaced with the appropriate pictures that were generated for this *** corrected Fig.1 and Fig.6 are shown *** conclusion made from the experiments remains *** inconvenience caused by this error is deeply regretted.

关键词： myeloid conclusion media

THE EVOLUTION OF QUATERNARY LARGE HERBIVORES FROM NORTH -EAST CHINA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PALEOCLIMATICAL VARIATION

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1996年第1期 68-70页

作者： Dong Wei Xu Qinqi jin changzhu Li Yi(Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044)

Quaternary mammal fossils from north-east China (former Manchuria) have been collected and studied since the beginning of the century. But almost every previous study was based on the fossils from a certain site. There had no general study on the Quaternary mammal fossils found in the north-east China as a whole. The present paper is a part of the programme, led by Prof. Xu Qinqi,"The evolution of Quaternary mammal and its relationship with paleoclimatical variation". The plants are sensitive to climatical changes, their evolution has greatinfluence on that of the herbivores. So the programme began with the large herbivorous mammals, the Proboscidea, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla (including omnivorous suids which are large consummers of plants). They can be summarized as follows (the extinct species are marked with an asterisk):

关键词： North-east China Quaternary Proboscidea Perissodactyla Artiodactyla Paleoclimatology

The Homo sapiens Cave hominin site of Mulan Mountain,Jiangzhou District,Chongzuo,Guangxi with emphasis on its age

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第21期54卷 3848-3856页

作者： jin changzhu PAN WenShi ZHANG YingQi CAI YanJun XU QinQi TANG ZhiLu WANG Wei WANG Yuan LIU jinYi QIN DaGong R. Lawrence Edwards CHENG Hai Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China Natural History Museum of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530012 China Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

One of the most hotly debated and frontal issues in paleoanthropology focuses on the origins of modern humans. Recently, an incomplete hominin mandible with a distinctly weaker mental protuberance than modern human and a great variety of coexisting fossil mammals were unearthed from the Homo sapiens Cave of Mulan Mountain, Chongzuo, Guangxi. The mammalian fauna from the Homo sapiens Cave characterized by the combination of Elephas kiangnanensis, first occurring Elephas maixmus, and Megatapirus augustus, and strikingly different from the Early Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna and the Middle Pleistocene Ailuropoda-Stogodon fauna of South China could be regarded as an early representive of the typical Asian elephant fauna. Faunal analysis, biostratigraphic correlation, and, most importantly, U-series dating all consistently support an estimate of ca. 110 ka for the age of the fossil Homo sapiens and coexisting mammalian fauna, that is, the early Late Pleistocene. The fauna is mainly made up of tropical-subtropical elements, but grassland elements have a much greater variety than forest elements, which probably indicates a drier climate at that time. This discovery of early Homo sapiens at the Mulan Mountain will play a significant role in the study of the origin and its environmental background of modern humans.

关键词：早期智人木兰人族广西年龄现代人类起源哺乳动物化石哺乳动物群

穴位局部沉默对训练大鼠IL-2功能影响的研究

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中华中医药学刊 2017年第1期35卷 13-15页

作者：李琳金昌洙滨州医学院解剖教研室山东滨州256603 滨州医学院基础学院山东滨州256603

目的:研究阻断足三里穴对训练大鼠IL-2功能的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为质粒组、阴性对照组、生理盐水组和空白组4组,并建立运动模型,对于质粒组大鼠足三里穴加压注射干扰质粒,20μg,阴性对照组大鼠足三里穴注射阴性对照质粒,每穴20... 详细信息

目的:研究阻断足三里穴对训练大鼠IL-2功能的影响。方法:将60只大鼠随机分为质粒组、阴性对照组、生理盐水组和空白组4组,并建立运动模型,对于质粒组大鼠足三里穴加压注射干扰质粒,20μg,阴性对照组大鼠足三里穴注射阴性对照质粒,每穴20μg;生理盐水组大鼠足三里穴注射生理盐水20μL;1天2次,连续注射14 d,并检测其淋巴细胞增值反应、IL-2的浓度等免疫学指标。结果:质粒组大鼠的淋巴细胞反应明显降低,质粒组(0.409±0.031)与阴性对照组(0.578±0.054)、生理盐水组(0.538±0.023)、空白组(0.552±0.042)相比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。质粒组大鼠的IL-2浓度明显减少,质粒组(424.12±85.36)与阴性对照组(594.12±74.17)、生理盐水组(589.30±77.15)、空白组(578.30±87.25)相比较,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:经穴阻断可以降低训练大鼠的免疫功能,Cx43基因是经络活动的关键因素之一。

关键词： Cx43 免疫功能经穴阻断

3D virtual reconstruction of the Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tangshan, Nanjing, China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 74-79页

作者： DONG Wei, HOU Xinwen, LIU jinyi, FANG Yingsan, jin changzhu and ZHU Qizhi ( Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China State Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Nanjing Provincial Museum, Nanjing 210016, China Radiology Department, Renmin Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China) Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Nanjing Provincial Museum Nanjing 210016 China Radiology Department Renmin Hospital Peking University Beijing 100044 China

The development of computer tomography and image processing has made it possible to establish virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens. We used these methods to reconstruct a virtual 3D skull of a Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tuozi cave, Tangshan, Nanjing, and virtually dissected it for anatomic studies, and measured the volumes of different parts of the endocranium. The endocranium of the cheetah skull has showed that its frontal sinus is beehive-like, the frontal lobe of cerebra is relatively large but the temporal lobe is relatively small, its cerebral sulcus and gyrus are more complicated than those of the domestic cat, similar to those of the domestic dog, but simpler than those of giant panda, pig, cattle and horse. The technology of virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens can extend the morphological study from the exterior to the interior, and it can also help to study fragile specimens and virtually backup rare and precious specimens.

关键词： CT imaging 3D reconstruction cheetah skull early Pleistocene Tangshan Nanjing.

Quaternary herbivore fauna in northeastern China: Evolution under climatic change

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S1期44卷 129-132页

作者： DONG Wei XU Qinqi jin changzhu LIU jinyi Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleothropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100044

Large herbivorous mammals from 10 representative Quaternary localities in northeasternChina were studied. The evolution of these animals confirms Pei’s law and Bergmann’s rule. Of thethree global cold periods in the Quaternary, the first and second are not well recorded in the *** temperate period between these is well recorded. Records show that there was a sub-coldperiod (around 280 000 yr) during this temperate period. It remains to be confirmed whether thissub-cold period was limited to northeastern China. The third cold period is well recorded in theregion. The fauna in this third period were composed mostly of temperate forms, as well as typicalcold and pro-cold forms.

关键词： Northeastern China Quaternary Herbivore Paleoclimate

广西崇左木榄山智人洞遗址的亚洲象化石：兼论华南第四纪长鼻类演化

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第四纪研究 2017年第4期37卷 853-859页

作者：王元秦大公金昌柱中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室、中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所北京100044 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所、现代古生物学和地层学国家重点实验室南京210008 北京大学生命科学学院北京100871

最近在广西崇左木榄山智人洞发现了距今约11万年的早期现代人下颌骨及大量伴生的哺乳动物化石，这是迄今在东亚地区发现的时代最早的早期现代人。本文系统记述了该动物群中的长鼻类化石——较原始的江南象（Elephas kiangnanensis）与... 详细信息

最近在广西崇左木榄山智人洞发现了距今约11万年的早期现代人下颌骨及大量伴生的哺乳动物化石，这是迄今在东亚地区发现的时代最早的早期现代人。本文系统记述了该动物群中的长鼻类化石——较原始的江南象（Elephas kiangnanensis）与初现位的亚洲象（Elephas maximus）。智人洞的长鼻类缺失我国南方更新世的典型种类中华乳齿象（Sinomastodon）和剑齿象（Stegodon）；智人洞的动物群性质截然不同于华南早更新世的巨猿-中华乳齿象动物群（Gigantopithecus-Sinomastodon fauna）和中更新世的大熊猫-剑齿象动物群（Ailuropoda-Stegodon fauna），是晚更新世亚洲象动物群（Asian elephant fauna）的早期代表。智人洞动物群中缺失大熊猫、剑齿象和竹鼠等华南常见的森林型动物，很可能反映了江南象向亚洲象的一个过渡事件，该事件与早期现代人的起源很可能有一定的耦合关系；此外，动物群中林灌和草地型动物所占比例明显增加，又反映当时可能是森林退缩、林灌和草地扩大的生态环境，对应于相对干旱的气候。

关键词：广西崇左木榄山智人洞亚洲象晚更新世早期长鼻类演化