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Aldehyde oxidase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

Science China Chemistry 2024年第6期67卷 2079-2091页

作者： Liwei xu Xinxin xu Hua Kuang Chuanlai xu Xiaoling Wu State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China Collaborative Innovation center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi214122China

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health *** this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically ***,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde oxidase(AOX)and neurotransmitters,was *** DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of ***,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX,resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and ***,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,oxidized triglyceride(OxTG)and oxidized sphingomyelin(OxSM).This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

关键词： neonicotinoid dinotefuran enantiomer aldehyde oxidase metabolomics health risk

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Granting strength to aerogel fibers through encapsulation

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Science China Materials 2024年第4期67卷 1365-1366页

作者： Wenhui xu Department of Basic Chemistry School of PharmacyJiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China

Aerogel fibers, distinguished by their lightweight nature, pronounced porosity, large surface area, and superior thermal insulation properties, have diversified applications in thermal management, energy devices, and environmental remediation[1]. However, compared with monolithic ones, these fibershaped aerogels exhibit limited mechanical strength and resilience due to their one-dimensional small size.

关键词： strength fibers thermal

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冷涡背景下华北平原一次弓形回波致灾大风过程分析

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气象学报 2023年第1期81卷 40-57页

作者：许长义章丽娜肖现王彦天津市滨海新区气象局天津300457 天津市海洋气象重点实验室天津300074 中国气象局气象干部培训学院北京100081 中国气象局北京城市气象研究所北京100089 天津市人工影响天气办公室天津300074

为了提高对弓形回波致灾大风环境演变和致灾机理的认识,综合利用多源观测和ERA5再分析资料,研究了2020年6月25日华北平原夜间弓形回波的风暴环境演变特征及地面致灾大风的成因机制。结果表明:此次过程发生在高空冷涡背景下,华北平原处... 详细信息

为了提高对弓形回波致灾大风环境演变和致灾机理的认识,综合利用多源观测和ERA5再分析资料,研究了2020年6月25日华北平原夜间弓形回波的风暴环境演变特征及地面致灾大风的成因机制。结果表明:此次过程发生在高空冷涡背景下,华北平原处于中层干冷气流与低层西南暖湿气流叠加区域,因此有利于强对流天气的发生;对流风暴演变可归结为“超级单体-弓形回波-逗点回波”三个阶段,风暴环境逐渐从中等强度的对流有效位能和深层风垂直切变向弱的对流有效位能和强的风垂直切变演变;超级单体阶段,探空曲线呈“X”型分布,负浮力效应为地面大风的产生做主要贡献,动量下传和冷池密度流的作用为辅;弓形回波阶段,由于低层暖平流和地面辐射降温的共同作用,近地面出现较强逆温,850—500 hPa垂直温度直减率增大,负浮力、动量下传和冷池密度流作用均较前一阶段明显加强,导致地面13级致灾大风的形成;逗点回波阶段,850—700 hPa的干层减弱,负浮力作用与超级单体阶段相当,动量下传和冷池密度流作用与弓形回波阶段相当,造成地面大风的形成。最后给出本次弓形回波环境演变和致灾机理的物理模型。

关键词：致灾大风弓形回波冷池风暴环境演变

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Skeletal interoception in osteoarthritis

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 241-254页

作者： Dinglong Yang Jiawen xu Ke xu Peng xu Department of Joint Surgery Honghui HospitalXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054China Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

The interoception maintains proper physiological conditions and metabolic homeostasis by releasing regulatory signals after perceving changes in the internal state of the *** its various forms,skeletal interoception specifically regulates the metabolic homeostasis of ***(OA)is a complex joint disorder involving cartilage,subchondral bone,and *** subchondral bone undergoes continuous remodeling to adapt to dynamic joint *** findings highlight that skeletal interoception mediated by aberrant mechanical loads contributes to pathological remodeling of the subchondral bone,resulting in subchondral bone sclerosis in *** skeletal interoception is also a potential mechanism for chronic synovial inflammation in *** this review,we offer a general overview of interoception,specifically skeletal interoception,subchondral bone microenviroment and the aberrant subchondral *** also discuss the role of skeletal interoception in abnormal subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation in OA,as well as the potential prospects and challenges in exploring novel OA therapies that target skeletal interoception.

关键词： homeostasis inflammation releasing

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Surface Polarization Effects on Collapse Transition of Polyelectrolyte Brushes

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第9期42卷 1313-1320,I0006页

作者： Xiao-Fei xu State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237China

Polyelectrolyte brushes(PEBs)are commonly used to modify surface that have attracted great research *** dielectric permittivity of the grafted surface is typically significantly different from that of solution,which results in surface polarization(SP)effect with a jump of electric *** is thus important to study how SP alters the PEB’s structure and *** this work,the SP effects on PEB structure was studied using a statistical thermodynamic *** free energy functional to describe SP effect was constructed by using the image-charge ***,the electrostatic potential was solved from a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation taking the ion solvation effect into *** the absence of SP,the thickness of PEB exhibited a continuous collapse transition when decreasing the solvent *** the presence of SP,the collapse became a jump-like *** energy analysis showed that the long-range Coulombic interaction dominated the transition because of the enhanced counterion condensation in the presence of *** theory provides an effective tool to study SP effect on PEBs,and the results explain the underlying physics in PEB collapse transition.

关键词： Surface polarization Polyelectrolyte brush Image charge Ion solvation Polyelectrolyte collapse transition

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Malware Evasion Attacks Against IoT and Other Devices: An Empirical Study

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 127-142页

作者： Yan xu Deqiang Li Qianmu Li Shouhuai xu School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Colorado SpringsColorado SpringsCO 80918USA

The Internet of Things(loT)has grown rapidly due to artificial intelligence driven edge *** enabling many new functions,edge computing devices expand the vulnerability surface and have become the target of malware ***,attackers have used advanced techniques to evade defenses by transforming their malware into functionality-preserving *** systematically analyze such evasion attacks and conduct a large-scale empirical study in this paper to evaluate their impact on *** specifically,we focus on two forms of evasion attacks:obfuscation and adversarial *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first to investigate and contrast the two families of evasion attacks *** apply 10 obfuscation attacks and 9 adversarial attacks to 2870 malware *** obtained findings are as follows.(1)Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS)malware detectors are vulnerable to evasion attacks.(2)Adversarial attacks affect COTS malware detectors slightly more effectively than obfuscated malware examples.(3)Code similarity detection approaches can be affected by obfuscated examples and are barely affected by adversarial attacks.(4)These attacks can preserve the functionality of original malware examples.

关键词： Android malware obfuscation adversarial examples

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Experimental study on performance of spring damping support structure system for large deformation tunnel in soft rock

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Underground Space 2024年第2期15卷 221-243页

作者： Jinfeng xu Xiongyao Xie Zhou Shi Wuqiang Cai Dinglun xu Chen xu Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Zhaotong City Zhaolu Expressway Investment and Development Co. ZhaotongYunnan Province 657000China Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingboZhejiang 315211China

According to the convergence confinement theory,it is an effective measure to control the large deformation of high ground stress in fractured soft rock tunnels by using yielding *** yielding support can be classified as either radial or circumferential yielding *** yielding support is achieved by transforming radial displacement into circumferential tangential closure without compromising the support capacity of the primary lining support *** on this,and inspired by the design principle of dampers,a yielding support structure system with spring damping elements as its core was developed,based on the connection characteristics of steel arches in highway tunnel,which can provide increasing support resistance in the yielding deformation *** the mechanical properties of spring damping elements were obtained through indoor axial pressure and flexural *** addition,according to these results with numerical calculations,the yielding support structure system with embedded spring damping elements can reduce the internal force of the support structure by approximately 10%and increase the area of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock by 11.23%,which can fully utilize the self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock and verify the effectiveness of circumferential yielding ***,the spring damping support structure system was designed with reference to the construction process of the tunnel excavated by drilling and blasting method,and the transformation of the spring damping element to spring damping support structure was *** on field test results,surrounding ground pressure for the yielding support optimization scheme was reduced by 40%and more evenly distributed,resulting in the successful application and a reduction in the construction cost of large deformation tunnels in soft rock.

关键词： Soft rock Highway tunnel Convergence confinement method Circumferential yielding support with spring damping element Numerical calculations Field test

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多种观测资料在一次弱降水雷暴大风分析中的综合应用

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气象科技 2017年第2期45卷 355-363页

作者：许长义易笑园段丽瑶徐灵芝天津市滨海新区气象局天津300457 天津市气象台天津300074

利用多普勒天气雷达、宝坻和西青两部风廓线雷达、天津250m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、探空资料、地面加密自动站和自动站分钟资料,对2014年6月8日发生在天津地区的一次弱降水雷暴大风过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程属... 详细信息

利用多普勒天气雷达、宝坻和西青两部风廓线雷达、天津250m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、探空资料、地面加密自动站和自动站分钟资料,对2014年6月8日发生在天津地区的一次弱降水雷暴大风过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次过程属于西北气流型雷暴大风,低层强垂直风切变和较大的温度直减率为雷暴大风的出现提供有利环境条件;(2)此过程共经历弓形回波复合体、阵风锋和单体弓形回波3个阶段,雷暴大风的强度与强回波核伸展高度以及下落时间有关,回波核伸展高度越高,下落时间越短,雷暴大风强度越强;(3)强冷池的快速移动是弓形回波复合体阶段雷暴大风的直接原因,冷空气首先从2.3km高度入侵,10min后地面出现雷暴大风。天津南部具有不稳定能量高值中心,配合地面中尺度辐合线的触发作用导致单体弓形回波阶段雷暴大风;(4)阵风锋阶段上升与下沉气流共存,下沉速度峰值的下传特征较地面雷暴大风的出现提前20min,2km以上的对流层中低层为上升运动。

关键词：弱降水雷暴大风弓形回波阵风锋风廓线

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一次西北气流型冰雹过程分析中加密观测资料的综合应用

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气象科技 2017年第4期45卷 698-709页

作者：许长义易笑园段丽瑶徐灵芝天津市滨海新区气象局天津300457 天津市气象台天津300074

利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料、风廓线雷达、天津255m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、北京和乐亭两个探空站、5min间隔自动站观测资料和自动站J文件,对2014年6月22日天津地区一次漏报冰雹过程对流系统的演变特征进行精细化分析。... 详细信息

利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料、风廓线雷达、天津255m气象铁塔观测资料,结合NCEP再分析资料、北京和乐亭两个探空站、5min间隔自动站观测资料和自动站J文件,对2014年6月22日天津地区一次漏报冰雹过程对流系统的演变特征进行精细化分析。结果表明:(1)这次西北气流型冰雹天气是在低能量环境场发生的,冰雹入侵路径是少见的东北路径;(2)雹暴单体发展于地面"人"字形辐合线"捺"部顶端,配合干线的共同作用造成雹暴单体加强发展,形成阶段近地层强东风入流加强地面风速辐合和干线的强度。成熟阶段气象要素的骤变(降温、升压、增湿)远强于形成和发展阶段的变化;(3)雹暴后侧入流区东北气流的维持及其下传对雹暴单体的增强起到重要作用。前侧入流区东北气流则自地面向边界层伸展,且临近降雹时塔层气象要素均有短时间的反向变化;(4)风暴追踪信息显示雹暴单体质心高度在3~4km,回波顶高远超过-20℃高度,最大反射率因子高度存在3次明显下落,发展阶段垂直液体含水量达最大55kg·m^(-2)。

关键词：雹暴单体加密观测资料西北气流型东北路径

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How to build a habitable planet:an interview with Charles H. Langmuir

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 76-80页

作者： Yi-Gang xu the Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Earth is the only known habitable planet in the solar system. Understanding how Earth developed its unique habitability has been the frontier of Earth sciences and has become one of the main themes of current deep-space explorations. What are the decisive factors that led to a habitable planet? What is the role of solid Earth processes in the origin of life and in modulating the surface environment? Are Earth’s habitability studies relevant to current challenges that human beings face? These questions have attracted the interest of both scientists and the public alike.

关键词： Earth (planet)

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