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Augmenting freshwater availability in mountain headwater streams:Assessing the sustainability under baseline and future climate change scenarios

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 293-307页

作者： Bisrat Ayalew Yifru Il-Moon Chung Min-Gyu Kim Sun woo chang Department of Land Water and Environment ResearchKorea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building TechnologyGoyang10223South Korea Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon34113South Korea

Mountain headwater streams are important freshwater sources,but they are mostly intermittent and highly susceptible to climate *** paper examines the sustainability of augmented freshwater availability in mountain headwater streams for water supply under baseline and future climate change scenarios using an integrated modeling *** climate change data in the 2040s(2030e2059),under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios,were downscaled for the impact *** the region,climate change raises the average precipitation by 5e7%and the temperature by 13e15%in the *** model,integrating Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT2012)and finite-difference Modular Groundwater Flow(MODFLOW)models in a single package,was used to assess the water *** show that extracting a minimum of 16.2 m^(3)/day from the sand storage and 30 m^(3)/day from the aquifer was possible without affecting the groundwater table and water *** average annual catchment recharge was 6%of the precipitation under the baseline *** change is projected to reduce the average water yield and groundwater recharge by 26%and 19%,***,the water supply-demand is significantly small compared to the exploitable rate of water in the *** study was based on limited data,and therefore the findings need to be interpreted with caution,though the model output was validated using satellite *** of a series of sand dams is suggested to maximize the benefit under the potential climate change and water supply-demand increase.

关键词： Headwater stream Sand dam Korea SWATeMODFLOW Water conservation Climate change

Endoscopic management of occluded metal biliary stents:Metal versus 10F plastic stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第42期16卷 5347-5352页

作者： Won Jae Yoon Ji Kon ryu Jung Won Lee Dong-Won Ahn Yong-Tae Kim Yong Bum Yoon Sang Myung woo woo Jin Lee Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineSeoul National University College of Medicine101 Daehang-roJongno-guSeoul110-744South Korea Center for Liver Cancer National Cancer Center323 Ilsan-roIlsandong-guGoyang-siGyeonggi-do410-769South Korea

AIM:To compare the efficacy of self-expandable metal stents(SEMSs) with 10F plastic stents(PSs) in the endoscopic management of occluded ***:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 patients who underwent SEMS insertion for palliation of unresectable malignant biliary obstruction between 2000 and 2007 and subsequent endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage(ERBD) with SEMS or PS for initial SEMS occlusion between 2000 and ***:Subsequent ERBD with SEMS was performed in 29 patients and with PS in *** median time to stent occlusion after subsequent ERBD was 186 d in the SEMS group and 101 d in the PS group(P= 0.118).Overall median stent patency was 79 d for the SEMS group and 66 d for the PS group(P = 0.379).The mean number of additional biliary drainage procedures after subsequent ERBD in patients that died(n = 50) during the study period was 2.54 ± 4.12 for the SEMS group and 1.85 ± 1.95 for the PS group(P = 0.457).The mean total cost of additional biliary drainage procedures after the occlusion of subsequent SEMS or PS was $410.04 ± 692.60 for the SEMS group and $630.16 ± 671.63 for the PS group(P = 0.260).Tumor ingrowth as the cause of initial SEMS occlusion was the only factor associated with a shorter time to subsequent stent occlusion(101 d for patients with tumor ingrowth vs 268 d for patients without tumor ingrowth,P = 0.008).CONCLUSION:Subsequent ERBD with PSs offered similar patency and number of additional biliary drainage procedures compared to SEMSs in the management of occluded SEMS.

关键词： Stents Biliary tract neoplasms Obstructive jaundice Endoscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Heteroatom substitution-induced asymmetric A–D–A type non-fullerene acceptor for efficient organic solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第1期29卷 144-150,I0006页

作者： Chao Lia Jiali Song Yunhao Cai Guangchao Han Wenyu Zheng Yuanping Yi Hwa Sook ryu Han Young woo Yanming Sun School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKorea UniversitySeoul 136-713Republic of Korea

Research on asymmetric A–D–A structured non-fullerene acceptors has lagged far behind the development of symmetric *** this contribution,by simply replacing one sulfur atom in indacenodithiophene unit with a selenium atom,an asymmetric building block Se PT and a corresponding asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor Se PT-IN have been *** Se PT-IN achieved a high efficiency of 10.20% in organic solar cells when blended with PBT1-C,much higher than that of symmetric TPT-IN counterpart(8.91%).Our results demonstrated an effective heteroatom substitution strategy to develop asymmetric A–D–A structured non-fullerene acceptors.

关键词： Asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors Heteroatom substitution Organic solar cells Power conversion efficiency

Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate B-cell-mediated immune responses and increase IL-10-expressing regulatory B cells in an EBI3-dependent manner

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第11期14卷 895-908页

作者： Kyung-Ah Cho Jun-Kyu Lee Yu-Hee Kim Minhwa Park So-Youn woo Kyung-Ha ryu Department of Microbiology School of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul 07985Republic of Korea Department of Pediatrics School of MedicineEwha Womans UniversitySeoul 07985Republic of Korea

Effector B cells are central contributors to the development of autoimmune disease by activating autoreactive T cells,producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and organizing ectopic lymphoid ***,IL-10-producing regulatory B(Breg)cells have pivotal roles in maintaining immunological tolerance and restraining excessive inflammation in autoinflammatory ***,regulating the equilibrium between antibody-producing effector B cells and Breg cells is critical for the treatment of autoimmune *** this study,we investigated the effect of human palatine tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells(T-MSCs)on estradiol(E2)-induced B-cell responses in vivo and in *** of T-MSC into E2-treated mice alleviated B-cell-mediated immune responses and increased the population of IL-10-producing Breg cells.T-MSCs regulated the B-cell populations by producing Epstein–Barr virus(EBV)-induced 3(EBI3),one of the two subunits of IL-35 that is the well-known inducer of Breg *** demonstrate a critical role of EBI3(IL-35)in vitro by depleting EBI3 in T-MSCs and by adding exogenous IL-35 to the culture *** together,our data suggest that IL-35-secreting MSCs may become an attractive therapeutic to treat B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases via expanding Breg cells.

关键词： autoimmune disease B cells IL-35 mesenchymal stem cells

Characteristic evaluation of Al_2O_3/CNTs hybrid materials for micro-electrical discharge machining

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第A1期21卷 28-32页

作者： Hyun-Seok TAK chang-Seung HA Ho-Jun LEE Hyung-woo LEE Young-Keun JEONG Myung-chang KANG National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University Department of Electrical Engineering Pusan National University

The characteristic evaluation of aluminum oxide （A1203）/carbon nanotubes （CNTs） hybrid composites for micro-electrical discharge machining （EDM） was described. Alumina matrix composites reinforced with CNTs were fabricated by a catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. A1203 composites with different CNT concentrations were synthesized. The electrical characteristic of A1203/CNTs composites was examined. These composites were machined by the EDM process according to the various EDM parameters, and the characteristics of machining were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope （FESEM）. The electrical conductivity has a increasing tendency as the CNTs content is increased and has a critical point at 5% A1203 （volume fraction）. In the machining accuracy, many tangles of CNT in A1203/CNTs composites cause violent spark. Thus, it causes the poor dimensional accuracy and circularity. The results show that conductivity of the materials and homogeneous distribution of CNTs in the matrix are important factors for micro-EDM of A1203/CNTs hybrid composites.

关键词： A1203/CNTs hybrid materials micro-electrical discharge machining micro-hole electrical conductivity

Organic solar cells based on chlorine functionalized benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione copolymer with efficiency exceeding 13%

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Science China Chemistry 2020年第4期63卷 483-489页

作者： Linglong Ye Xueshan Li Yunhao Cai Hwa Sook ryu Guangkai Lu Donghui Wei Xiaobo Sun Han Young woo Songting Tan Yanming Sun School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKorea UniversityAnam-ro 145Seongbuk-guSeoul 136-713Republic of Korea The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education College of ChemistryXiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(BDT) has been widely used to construct donor-acceptor(D-A) copolymers in organic solar cells(OSCs). However, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran(BDF), an analogue of BDT, has received less attention than BDT. The photovoltaic performance of BDF copolymers has lagged behind that of BDT copolymers. Here, we designed and synthesized two BDF copolymers, PBF1-C and PBF1-C-2Cl. PBF1-C-2Cl, which is composed of BDF and benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione connected by a chlorinated thiophene π-bridge, displays a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level,which helps in yielding a high open-circuit voltage(Voc) in OSCs. As a result, when blended with Y6, PBF1-C-2Cl-based devices showed a high Voc of 0.83 V and a power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 13.10%. To the best of our knowledge, the PCE of 13.10% is among the highest efficiency values for OSCs based on BDF copolymers.

关键词： organic solar cells benzo[1,2-b,5-b′]difuran benzo[1,2-c,5-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione chlorinated thiophene π-bridge

Proteomic identification of cryostress in epididymal spermatozoa

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 478-489页

作者： Sung Jae Yoon Md Saidur Rahman woo Sung Kwon Do Yeal ryu Yoo Jin Park Myung Geol Pang Department of Animal Science&Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseongGyeonggi-Do 456-756Republic of Korea

Background： Cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa is important in cases in which it is not possible to collect semen using normal methods, as the sudden death of an animal or a catastrophic injury. However, the freezing and thawing processes cause stress to spermatozoa, including cold shock, osmotic damage, and ice crystal formation,thereby reducing sperm quality. We assessed the motility（%）, motion kinematics, capacitation status, and viability of spermatozoa using computer-assisted sperm analysis and Hoechst 33258/chlortetracycline fluorescence ***, we identified proteins associated with cryostress using a proteomic approach and performed western blotting to validate two-dimensional electrophoresis（2-DE） results using two commercial ***： Cryopreservation reduced viability（%）, motility（%）, straight-line velocity（VSL）, average path velocity（VAP）, amplitude of lateral head displacement（ALH）, and capacitated spermatozoa, whereas straightness（STR）and the acrosome reaction increased after cryopreservation（P 3 fold, P ＆lt; 0.05） before and after cryopreservation. The proteins differentially expressed following cryopreservation are putatively related to several signaling pathways, including the ephrinR-actin pathway, the ROS metabolism pathway, actin cytoskeleton assembly, actin cytoskeleton regulation,and the guanylate cyclase ***： The results of the current study provide information on epididymal sperm proteome dynamics and possible protein markers of cryo-stress during cryopreservation. This information will further the basic understanding of cryopreservation and aid future studies aiming to identify the mechanism of cryostress responses.

关键词： Cryopreservation Cryostress Protein Spermatozoa

Reduction of chromium ore by recycled silicon cutting sludge waste with carbon addition

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第8期26卷 806-817页

作者： woo-gwang Jung Sakib Tanvir Hossain Fatima Tuz Johra Jong-ho Kim Young-chul chang School of Materials Science and Engineering Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Graduate School of Kookmin University Seoul 02707 Korea Advanced Metals Research Group Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST) Pohang City 37673 Korea Department of Mechatronics Engineering Korea University of Technology and Education Cheonan-si 31253 Korea

A basic study on the feasibility of producing ferrochrome (silicon) alloys using Si sludge waste collected from the silicon ingot cutting process was carried out, and the effects of the addition of carbon components, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the silicothermic reduction of chromium ore by Si sludge were studied. The cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) phase was generated in the slag, and the Fe-Cr(-Si)-C alloy was formed by the silicothermic reduction. Moreover, the addition of carbon powder lowered the reduction initiating temperature, and the reduction ratio based on the oxygen content was evaluated at around 68-88% at 1573 K, which increased with an increase in carbon. However, it was difficult to find a significant difference in the reduction behavior in response to increasing the holding time. The reduced fer-rochrome (Fe-Cr) metal alloy droplets coalesced more intensively with an increase in reduction temperature, and for manufacturing the Fe-Cr alloy, it is estimated that a temperature of 1773 K or higher is required for good separation of the slag and the metal. Furthermore, the metallization ratio was defined, and higher values are evaluated for Fe than for Cr.

关键词： Chromium ore Ferrochrome alloy Silicon sludge waste Silicothermic reduction Reduction ratio Metallization ratio

Dielectrophoretic assembly of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube transistor

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2011年第A1期21卷 126-129页

作者： Se-Hun KWON Young-Keun JEONG Soongeun KWON Myung-chang KANG Hyung-woo LEE National Core Research Center for Hybrid Materials Solution Pusan National University Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 305-701 Korea

A novel burning technique for making a semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） transistor assembled by the dielectrophoretic force was suggested. The fabrication process consisted of two steps. First, to align and attach a bundle of SWNTs between the source and drain, the alternating （AC） voltage was applied to the electrodes. When a bundle of SWNTs was connected between two electrodes, some of metallic nanotubes and semi-conducing nanotubes existed together. The second step is to burn the metallic SWNTS by applying the voltage between two electrodes. With increasing the voltage, more current flowed through the metallic SWNTs, thus, the metallic SWNTs burnt earlier than the semiconducting one. This technique enables to obtain only semi-conducting SWNTs connection in the transistor. Through the 1--V characteristic graph, the moment of metallic SWNTs burning and the characteristic of semi-conducing nanotubes were verified.

关键词： single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) semi-conducting carbon nanotube burning technique dielectrophoresis