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狄考文与晚清时期心理学的传播——从心灵学课程最早开设的学校谈起

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心理学报 2024年第11期56卷 1651-1660页

作者：阎书昌河北师范大学心理学系石家庄050024

史学界对晚清传教士狄考文在西方心理学传入中的贡献存在着疏漏,甚至误读,例如登州文会馆首开心灵(理)学课程问题。通过对登州文会馆早期历史资料的甄辨,发现登州文会馆并不是1876年开设心灵学的课程,而且截至1891年之前都没有开设该课... 详细信息

史学界对晚清传教士狄考文在西方心理学传入中的贡献存在着疏漏,甚至误读,例如登州文会馆首开心灵(理)学课程问题。通过对登州文会馆早期历史资料的甄辨,发现登州文会馆并不是1876年开设心灵学的课程,而且截至1891年之前都没有开设该课程的记录,依据1891年印制的课程表判断,可能是在1896或1897年之后才开设心灵(理)学课程。登州文会馆开设心灵学课程要晚于颜永京、谢卫楼开设时间。登州文会馆首任馆长狄考文在1877年就表现出有一定的心理学知识,并对psychology做出尝试汉译,这是在他为中国编写教科书而写的文章中提到的。他参加了教科书委员会工作,熟悉丁韪良编写Mental Philosophy教科书的计划,并于1899年为丁韪良著《性学举隅》写一篇书评。他1891年任术语委员会主席。到1896年成立科技术语委员会,狄考文任主席。由他主编的《术语词汇》(包含心理学学科)到1904年出版。在晚清心理学传播过程中,狄考文较早关注到心理学,推动了心理学教学及心理学术语统一工作,并使心理学教学成为登州文会馆的传统。通过狄考文在对psychology一词早期翻译,及后来他对丁韪良出版《性学举隅》的评述,可以看出他在心理学汉语术语创制上注重从中国传统文化中汲取营养。

关键词：狄考文登州文会馆心灵学课程科技术语委员会丁韪良

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Clinical efficacy of Gamma Knife® combined with transarterial chemoembolization and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1601-1608页

作者： Guo-Feng Wang chang-Xin shu Xiao-Dong Cai Hong-Bo Wang Jian-Hong Xu Yu-Qing Jia Department of General Surgery Yangzhou Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)and immunotherapy in the treatment of primary liver *** To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted therapy in the treatment of primary liver *** Clinical data from 51 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and October 2022 were retrospectively *** patients underwent Gamma Knife®treatment combined with TACE and *** clinical efficacy,changes in liver function,overall survival(OS),and progression-free survival(PFS)of patients with different treatment responses were evaluated,and adverse reactions were *** The last follow-up for this study was conducted on October 31,*** evaluation of the 51 patients with primary liver cancer revealed a partial response(PR)in 27 patients,accounting for 52.94%(27/51);stable disease(SD)in 16 patients,accounting for 31.37%(16/51);and progressive disease(PD)in 8 patients,accounting for 15.69%(8/51).The objective response rate was 52.94%,and the disease control rate was 84.31%.Alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase,and alpha-fetoprotein isoform levels decreased after treatment compared with pretreatment(all P=0.000).The median OS was 26 months[95%confidence interval(95%CI):19.946-32.054]in the PR group and 19 months(95%CI:14.156-23.125)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.015).The median PFS was 20 months(95%CI:18.441-34.559)in the PR group and 12 months(95%CI:8.745-13.425)in the SD+PD group,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.002).Common adverse reactions during treatment included nausea and vomiting(39.22%),thrombocytopenia(27.45%),and leukopenia(25.49%),with no treatment-related deaths *** Gamma Knife®combined with TACE and immune-targeted th

关键词： Gamma Knife® Transarterial chemoembolization Immunotherapy Primary liver cancer Liver function

Gravity Wave Activity and Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange During Typhoon Molave(2020)

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2024年第3期30卷 306-326页

作者： HUANG Dong WAN Ling-feng WAN Yi-shun chang shu-jie MA Xin ZHAO Kai-jing College of Ocean and Meteorology/South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology/Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction/Key Laboratory of Climate Resources and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep Sea(LCRE)/Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and ApplicationMinistry of Natural ResourcesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088 China Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(DOMES) Institute for Advanced Ocean Study(IAOS)Ocean University of ChinaQingdaoShandong 266100 China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeeds LS29JT UK Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030 China

To investigate the stratosphere-troposphere exchange(STE)process induced by the gravity waves(GWs)caused by Typhoon Molave(2020)in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere,we analyzed the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and the CMA Tropical Cyclone Best Track *** also adopted the mesoscale forecast model Weather Research and Forecasting model V4.3 for numerical *** of the previous studies were about typhoon-induced STE and typhoon-induced GWs,while our research focused on the STE caused by typhoon-induced gravity *** analysis shows that most of the time,the gravity wave signal of Typhoon Molave appeared below the *** was stronger on the east side of the typhoon center(10°-20°N,110°-120°E)than on the west side,suggesting an eastward tilted structure with height *** the GWs in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region on the west side of the typhoon center broke up,it produced strong turbulence,resulting in stratosphere-troposphere *** this time,the average potential vorticity vertical flux increased with the average ozone mass mixing *** gravity wave events and STE process simulated by the WRF model were basically consistent with the results of ERA5 reanalysis data,but the time of gravity wave breaking was *** study indicates that after the breaking of the GWs induced by typhoons,turbulent mixing will also be generated,and thus the STE.

关键词： gravity wave typhoon stratosphere-troposphere exchange STE upper troposphere and lower stratosphere UTLS

Molecular mechanism of hypoxia and alpha-ketoglutaric acid on collagen expression in scleral fibroblasts

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第10期17卷 1780-1790页

作者： Yun Sun Zhuo-Zheng Li Jing Yang Ya-Ru Sha Xin-Yu Hou Hong Fu Jia-Yin Li shu-chang Bai Yong-Fang Xie Guo-Hui Wang School of Life Science and Technology Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifang 261053Shandong ProvinceChina

AIM:To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of hypoxia and alpha-ketoglutaric acid(α-KG)on scleral collagen ***:Meta-analysis and clinical statistics were used to prove the changes in choroidal thickness(ChT)during *** establishment of a hypoxic myopia model(HYP)for rabbit scleral fibroblasts through hypoxic culture and the effects of hypoxia andα-KG on collagen expression were demonstrated by Sirius red *** analysis was used to verify the genes and pathways that hypoxia andα-KG affect collagen ***,real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used for reverse ***:Meta-analysis results aligned with clinical statistics,revealing a thinning of ChT,leading to scleral *** red staining indicated lower collagen expression in the HYP group and higher collagen expression in the HYP+α-KG group,showed that hypoxia reduced collagen expression in scleral fibroblasts,whileα-KG can elevated collagen expression under HYP *** analysis unveiled the related genes and signaling pathways of hypoxia andα-KG affect scleral collagen expression and the results were verified by ***:The potential molecular mechanisms through which hypoxia andα-KG influencing myopia is unraveled and three novel genes TLCD4,TBC1D4,and EPHX3 are *** findings provide a new perspective on the prevention and treatment of myopia via regulating collagen expression.

关键词： sclera scleral collagen expression hypoxia alpha-ketoglutaric acid myopia

油菜翻压与生物炭施用对新建温室土壤性状影响研究

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土壤通报 2024年第3期55卷 677-685页

作者：王威卢树昌天津农学院农学与资源环境学院天津300392

【目的】为合理高效培肥新建温室土壤提供技术支持。【方法】以稻壳生物炭和绿肥油菜为供试材料,设计无生物炭加绿肥(0+22.5 t hm^(-2),GM)、生物炭和绿肥配施(22.5+22.5 t hm^(-2),BC+GM)、无生物炭无绿肥(0+0 kg hm^(-2),CK)3个处理,... 详细信息

【目的】为合理高效培肥新建温室土壤提供技术支持。【方法】以稻壳生物炭和绿肥油菜为供试材料,设计无生物炭加绿肥(0+22.5 t hm^(-2),GM)、生物炭和绿肥配施(22.5+22.5 t hm^(-2),BC+GM)、无生物炭无绿肥(0+0 kg hm^(-2),CK)3个处理,进行小区玉米栽培试验,研究油菜翻压与生物炭施用对土壤性状影响。【结果】在整个翻压培肥在过程中,BC+GM处理土壤团粒结构R0.25值最高,土壤容重最低、田间持水量最高,土壤有机质、可溶性有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和CEC均为最高,28 d时分别为4.86%、1.45 g cm-3、24.08%、17.82 g kg^(-1)、115.33 mg kg^(-1)、0.91 g kg^(-1)、1.31 mg kg^(-1)、45.16 mg kg^(-1)、428.93 mg kg^(-1)和18.09 cmol (+) kg^(-1),均显著高于CK处理(p <0.05)。GM处理效果次之,但该处理的土壤硝态氮含量最高、pH值最低,28d时分别为232.56 mg kg^(-1)和7.87,均显著高于CK处理(p <0.05)。土壤脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、微生物量碳氮含量以BC+GM处理为最高,28 d时分别为0.690 mg (g d)^(-1)、0.2628 mg×10^(-1)(g d)^(-1)、151.81 mg kg^(-1)、5.71 mg kg^(-1);GM处理效果次之,CK处理最低,CK处理与BC+GM处理间差异显著(P <0.05)。另外,BC+GM处理的玉米籽粒产量、干物质量亦最高。【结论】BC+GM处理(22.5+22.5 t hm^(-2))对土壤性状改善效果最好,可优先用于当地新建温室土壤培肥。

关键词：油菜翻压生物炭新建温室土壤性状

儿童结缔组织病相关间质性肺病临床特点及治疗转归分析

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临床儿科杂志 2024年第6期42卷 503-508页

作者：龚玲舒畅冉海波重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科、国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心、儿童发育疾病研究教育部重点实验室、儿科学重庆市重点实验室重庆400014

目的分析儿童结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)临床资料,提高对儿童CTD-ILD的认识。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2021年12月53例CTD-ILD住院患儿临床资料,包括临床表现、胸部HRCT、肺功能、治疗及转归等。结果 53例CTD-ILD患儿中,23... 详细信息

目的分析儿童结缔组织病相关间质性肺病(CTD-ILD)临床资料,提高对儿童CTD-ILD的认识。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2021年12月53例CTD-ILD住院患儿临床资料,包括临床表现、胸部HRCT、肺功能、治疗及转归等。结果 53例CTD-ILD患儿中,23例诊断CTD的同时经HRCT评估诊断为ILD,4例以ILD起病,26例CTD诊断ILD的时间跨度为15天~7年余。呼吸系统常见的症状为咳嗽(47.2%)、气促(28.3%)和啰音(26.4%),但有21例患儿无呼吸道症状,依据HRCT诊断ILD。胸部HRCT显示斑片影(64.2%)、条絮/条片影(55.6%)、条索影(37.7%)、网格/蜂窝影(24.5%)、囊状低密度影(24.5%)、磨玻璃影(22.6%)等。肺功能异常以弥散功能下降(46.5%)、限制性通气功能障碍(39.5%)和小气道功能障碍(32.6%)为主。经糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂、生物制剂治疗后,48例患儿临床症状有好转。胸部HRCT:20例有好转,21例无明显变化,6例进展;肺功能:17例有好转,11例无明显变化,3例进展,8例正常。结论儿童CTD-ILD临床症状缺乏特异性,胸部HRCT及肺功能检查有助于早期发现肺部病变,需积极完善检查并定期随访;治疗方案主要是糖皮质激素联合免疫抑制剂和/或生物制剂,但生物制剂在儿童中的应用需进一步研究。

关键词：结缔组织病间质性肺病临床特征胸部高分辨率CT 儿童

锂内盐两性离子聚合物电解质的制备与电化学性能研究

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高分子学报 2024年第3期55卷 296-308页

作者：刘书畅吴海莹张灵志中国科学院可再生能源重点实验室、广东省新能源和可再生能源研究开发与应用重点实验室、中国科学院广州能源研究所广州510640 中国科学技术大学合肥230026

与有机电解液相比,聚合物电解质可以有效提高电池的安全性和能量密度,但离子电导率低、电化学窗口较窄和对锂金属不稳定等问题限制了其实际应用.本文工作通过自由基共聚制备了一种复合锂内盐两性离子聚合物(P(AMPSLi-IL)).通过静电纺丝... 详细信息

与有机电解液相比,聚合物电解质可以有效提高电池的安全性和能量密度,但离子电导率低、电化学窗口较窄和对锂金属不稳定等问题限制了其实际应用.本文工作通过自由基共聚制备了一种复合锂内盐两性离子聚合物(P(AMPSLi-IL)).通过静电纺丝技术将不同质量比的P(AMPSLi-IL)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)制备为一系列的纳米纤维膜(PVA-P(AMPSLi-IL)),其热分解温度为280℃,其中PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)1的拉伸强度最大为13.8 MPa.将双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)溶于碳酸乙烯酯(EC)中,配制1 mol·L^(-1)的溶液作为基础电解液.纤维膜在基础电解液中,以二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)作为交联剂原位凝胶化得到电解质膜.优化后的PVA9-P(AMPSLi-IL)_(1)基电解质室温离子电导率高达2.87×10^(-3) S·cm^(-1),锂离子迁移数高达0.85.而且该电解质的氧化电位为4.34 V(versus Li/Li^(+)),优于基础电解液的3.92 V(versus Li/Li^(+)).在锂锂对称电池中该电解质能保持超过1800 h的稳定循环,展示了对锂金属极佳的界面稳定性.将该电解质应用于磷酸铁锂半电池,0.5 C下其初始放电比容量为145.7 mAh·g^(-1),200圈后的容量保持率达79.0%.

关键词：锂金属电池聚合物电解质两性离子聚合物聚乙烯醇