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Interactions between maternal parity and feed additives drive the composition of pig gut microbiomes in the post‑weaning period

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law eduardo Rosa Medina Garcia chad Hastad Deborah Murray Pedro e.Urriola Andres Gomez Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Pork 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare *** challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous *** is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic *** weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(Perences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu *** Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance

关键词： Aspergillus prebiotic Copper Feed additives Maternal Nursery pig microbiome Parity Swine microbiome Trace minerals Zinc

Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez chad B.Paulk Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(Ne)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(Ge),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(Aee),and the concentration of Ne were greater(Pelleted diets than in meal *** of diet form,the ATTD of Ge,N,and Aee,and the concentration of Ne were increased(linear;Peducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and Ne,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

Mediator Complex Dependent Regulation of Cardiac Development and Disease

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第3期11卷 151-157页

作者： chad e. Grueter Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The risk factors for CVD include environmental and genetic components. Human mutations in genes involved in most aspects of cardiovascular function have been identified, many of which are involved in transcriptional regulation. The Mediator complex serves as a pivotal transcriptional reg- ulator that functions to integrate diverse cellular signals by multiple mechanisms including recruit- ing RNA polymerase II, chromatin modifying proteins and non-coding RNAs to promoters in a context dependent manner. This review discusses components of the Mediator complex and the contribution of the Mediator complex to normal and pathological cardiac development and func- tion. enhanced understanding of the role of this core transcriptional regulatory complex in the heart will help us gain further insights into CVD.

关键词： Mediator complexCardiac disease Transcription Development

Covering Your Bases： Inheritance of DNA Methylation in Plant Genomes

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Molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 472-480页

作者： chad e. Niederhuth Robert J. Schmitz Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Cytosine methylation is an important base modification that is inherited across mitotic and meiotic cell divisions in plant genomes. Heritable methylation variants can contribute to within-species phenotypic variation. Few methylation variants were known until recently, making it possible to begin to address major unanswered questions： the extent of natural methylation variation within plant genomes, its effects on phenotypic variation, its degree of depend- ence on genotype, and how it fits into an evolutionary context. Techniques like whole-genome bisulfite sequencing （WGBS） make it possible to determine cytosine methylation states at single-base resolution across entire genomes and populations. Application of this method to natural and novel experimental populations is revealing answers to these long-standing questions about the role of DNA methylation in plant genomes.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics epiallele whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

Assessing the academic achievement of United States orthopaedic departments

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第2期13卷 201-211页

作者： Rishi Trikha Thomas e Olson Ameen Chaudry chad R Ishmael Cristina Villalpando Clark J Chen Kellyn R Hori Nicholas M Bernthal Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90404United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095United States

BACKGROUND Assessing academic productivity allows academic departments to identify the strengths of their scholarly contribution and provides an opportunity to evaluate areas for *** To provide objective benchmarks for departments seeking to enhance academic productivity and identify those with significant improvement in recent *** Our study retrospectively analyzed a cohort of orthopaedic faculty at United States-based academic orthopaedic programs.5502 full-time orthopaedic faculty representing 178 programs were included in *** included for analysis were National Institutes of Health funding(2014-2018),leadership positions in orthopaedic societies(2018),editorial board positions of top orthopaedic journals(2018),total number of publications and Hirsch-index.A weighted algorithm was used to calculate a cumulative score for each academic *** study was performed at a large,United States medical *** All 178 programs included in analysis were evaluated using the comprehensive weighted *** five institutions with the highest cumulative score,in decreasing order,were:Washington University in ***,the Hospital for Special Surgery,Sidney Kimmel Medical College(SKMC)at Thomas Jefferson University,the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF)and Massachusetts General Hospital(MGH)/Brigham and Women’s/*** five institutions with the highest score per capita,in decreasing order,were:Mayo Clinic(Rochester),Washington University in ***,Rush University,Virginia Commonwealth University(VCU)and MGH/Brigham and Women’s/*** five academic programs that had the largest improvement in cumulative score from 2013 to 2018,in decreasing order,were:VCU,SKMC at Thomas Jefferson University,UCSF,MGH/Brigham and Women’s/Harvard,and Brown *** This algorithm can provide orthopaedic departments a means to assess academic productivity,monitor progress,and identify areas for improvement as th

关键词： Bibliometrics Academic achievement Number of publications National Institutes of Health funding Hirsch-index

A preliminary evaluation of throughfall sampling techniques in a mature coniferous forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 407-413页

作者： Darryl. e. Carlyle-Moses chad. e. Lishman Adam. J. McKee Department of Geography & environmental Studies Thompson Rivers University Graduate Program in environmental Science Thompson Rivers University

Rainfall, throughfall and stemflow were measured and canopy interception loss was derived for 14 rainfall events from June 22 to August 30, 2008 within a mature declining hybrid white spruce （Picea glauca （Moench） Voss x p engelmannii Parry ex engelm.） - subalpine fir （Abies lasiocarpa （Hook.） Nutt.） - lodgepole pine （Pinus contorta vat. latifolia Dougl. ex Loud.） stand in south-central British Columbia, Can- ada. Stemflow was negligible during the study period, while, respectively throughfall and canopy interception loss accounted for approximately 59.4% and 40.6% of the 50.1 mm of cumulative rainfall. Throughfall variability was assessed with three approaches involving roving and stationary wedge-type gauges, and stationary trough gauges. Throughfall exhibited large spatial variability with the coefficient of variability of study period throughfall sampled using 16 stationary trough gauges being 30.3%, while it was 38.0% and 28.7% for 32 stationary and 32 roving wedge gauges, respectively. Our analysis suggests that a roving gauge method is better than a stationary approach since the errors associated with event mean throughfalls are summed quadratically and a greater portion of the canopy area is sampled. Trough gauges were more efficient than wedge gauges; however, this efficiency was less than expected given their much larger sampling areas, suggesting that spatial autocorrelation lengths of throughfall may be longer than the trough systems. The spatial distribution of throughfall showed a high degree of temporal persistence throughout the study suggesting the existence of stable ＂wet＂ and ＂dry＂ inputs to the floors of these coniferous forests.

关键词： throughfall canopy interception loss stemflow spatial variability temporal persistence

Letting Go is Never easy:Abscission and Receptor- Like Protein Kinases

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第12期55卷 1251-1263页

作者： chad e.Niederhuth Sung Ki Cho Kati Seitz John C.Walker Department of Genetics University of Georgia Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Interdisciplinary Plant Group University of Missouri Department of Horticulture Iowa State University

Abscission is the process by which plants discard organs in response to environmental cues/stressors, or as part of their normal development. Abscission has been studied throughout the history of the plant sciences and in numerous species. Although long studied at the anatomical and physiological levels, abscission has only been elucidated at the molecular and genetic levels within the last two decades, primarily with the use of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved at all steps of abscission, including key pathways involving receptor-like protein kinases （RLKs）. This review covers the current knowledge of abscission research, highlighting the role of RLKs.

关键词： Abscission abscission zone cell separation cell wall remodeling receptor-like protein kinase.

Changing the paradigm：the potential for targeted therapy in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 87-100页

作者： Megan L.Ludwig Andrew C.Birkeland Rebecca Hoesli Paul Swiecicki Matthew e.Spector J.chad Brenner Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of MichiqanAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Hematology Oncology University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC) remains a highly morbid and fatal disease. Historically, it has been a model example for organ preservation and treatment stratification paradigms. Unfortunately, survival for LSCC has stagnated over the past few decades. As the era of next-generation sequencing and personalized treatment for cancer approaches, LSCC may be an ideal disease for consideration of further treatment stratification and personalization. Here, we will discuss the important history of LSCC as a model system for organ preservation, unique and potentially targetable genetic signatures of LSCC, and methods for bringing stratified, personalized treatment strategies to the 21^(st) century.

关键词：鳞状细胞癌靶向治疗个性化癌症治疗模型系统疾病历史保存

Approximate solutions of Klein-Gordon equation with improved Manning-Rosen potential in D-dimensions using SUSYQM

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第12期23卷 38-43页

作者： A.N.Ikot H.Hassanabadi H.P.Obong Y.e.chad Umoren C.N.Isonguyo B.H.Yazarloo Department of Physics University of Port HarcourtChoba P M B5323 Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of Basic Sciences Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad UniversityShahrood Iran Theoretical Physics Group Department of Physics University of Uyo-NigeriaNigeria

In this paper, we present solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation for the improved Manning–Rosen potential for arbitrary l state in d-dimensions using the supersymmetric shape invariance method. We obtained the energy levels and the corresponding wave functions expressed in terms of Jacobi polynomial in a closed form for arbitrary l state. We also calculate the oscillator strength for the potential.

关键词： Klein–Gordon equation improved Manning–Rosen potential supersymmetric quantum mechanics(SUSYQM)