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Locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) for water disinfection

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第5期14卷 25-36页

作者： Jianfeng Zhou Ting Wang cecilia Yu Xing Xie School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA

Water disinfection is a critical step in water and wastewater treatment.The most widely used chlorination suffers from the formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products(DBPs)while alternative methods(e.g.,UV,O3,and membrane filtration)are limited by microbial regrowth,no residual disinfectant,and high operation cost.Here,a nanowire-enabled disinfection method,locally enhanced electric field treatment(LEEFT),is introduced with advantages of no chemical addition,no DBP formation,low energy consumption,and efficient microbial inactivation.Attributed to the lightning rod effect,the electric field near the tip area of the nanowires on the electrode is significantly enhanced to inactivate microbes,even though a small external voltage(usually<5 V)is applied.In this review,after emphasizing the significance of water disinfection,the theory of the LEEFT is explained.Subsequently,the recent development of the LEEFT technology on electrode materials and device configurations are summarized.The disinfection performance is analyzed,with respect to the operating parameters,universality against different microorganisms,electrode durability,and energy consumption.The studies on the inactivation mechanisms during the LEEFT are also reviewed.Lastly,the challenges and future research of LEEFT disinfection are discussed.

关键词： Water treatment Nanotechnology Pathogen inactivation Electroporation Nanowire Chemical-free

The influence of bacteria on multitrophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogen

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 961-974页

作者： cecilia Tamborindeguy Ordom Brian Huot Freddy Ibanez Julien Levy Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Department of Horticultural Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA

The recent emergence ofseveralplant diseases caused by psyllid-borne bacterial pathogens worldwide （Candidatus Liberibaeter spp.） has created renewed interest on the interaction between psyllids and bacteria. In spite of these efforts to understand psyllid association with bacteria, many aspects of their interactions remain poorly understood. As more organisms are studied, subtleties on the molecular interactions as well as on the effects of the bacteria on the psyllid host are being uncovered. Additionally, psyllid-borne bacterial phytopathogens can also affect the host plant, which in turn can impact psyllid physiology and behavior. Here, we review the current literature on different aspects of the influence of bacteria on multitrophic interactions among plants, psyllids, and pathogens. We then highlight gaps that need to be addressed to advance this field, which can have significant implications for controlling these newly emergent and other plant diseases.

关键词： bacteria interaction Liberibacter microbiome phytoplasma psyllid

Lung fluid during postnatal transition

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第20期123卷 2919-2923页

作者： Sture Andersson Olli Pitkanen cecilia Janer Otto Helve Hospital for Children and Adolescents Helsinki University Central Hospital Helsinki Finland

Successful postnatal pulmonary adaptation is dependent on cessation of fetal fluid secretion into the luminal space of the lung and a switch to fluid absorption during the perinatal period. Most infants undergo this t... 详细信息

关键词： epithelial sodium channel sodium transport lung fluid

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of Public Health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

Mitochondrial Sulfide Detoxification Requires a Functional Isoform O-Acetylserine（thiol）lyase C in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1217-1226页

作者： Consolacien Alvarez Irene Garcia Luis C Romero cecilia Gotor Instituto de Bioquimica Vegetal y Fotosintesis Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas y Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Am~rico Vespucio 49 41092Sevilla Spain

In non-cyanogenic species, the main source of cyanide derives from ethylene and camalexin biosyntheses. In mitochondria, cyanide is a potent inhibitor of the cytochrome c oxidase and is metabolized by the β-cyanoalanine synthase CYS-C1, catalyzing the conversion of cysteine and cyanide to hydrogen sulfide and β-cyanoalanine. The hydrogen sulfide released also inhibits the cytochrome c oxidase and needs to be detoxified by the O-acetylserine（thiol）lyase mitochondrial isoform, OAS-C, which catalyzes the incorporation of sulfide to O-acetylserine to produce cysteine, thus generating a cyclic pathway in the mitochondria. The loss of functional OAS-C isoforms causes phenotypic characteristics very similar to the loss of the CYS-C1 enzyme, showing defects in root hair formation. Genetic complementation with the OAS-Cgene rescues the impairment of root hair elongation, restoring the wild-type phenotype. The mitochondria compromise their capacity to properly detoxify cyanide and the resulting sulfide because the latter cannot re-assimilate into cysteine in the oas-c null mutant. Consequently, we observe an accumulation of sulfide and cyanide and of the alternative oxidase, which is unable to prevent the production of reactive oxygen species probably due to the accumulation of both toxic molecules. Our results allow us to suggest that the significance of OAS-C is related to its role in the proper sulfide and cyanide detoxification in mitochondria.

关键词： alternative oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine cyanide β-cyanoalanine synthase O-acetylserine（thiol）-lyase reactive oxygen species root hair sulfide.

An epidemiological study of collagenous colitis in southern Sweden from 2001-2010

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2821-2826页

作者： Lina Vigren Martin Olesen cecilia Benoni Klas Sjberg Division of Gastroenterology Department of Clinical Sciences Skne University Hospital Lund University SE-205 02 Malm Sweden University and Regional Laboratories Region Sk ne Department of Pathology Skne University Hospital SE-205 02 Malm Sweden

AIM: To estimate the incidence of collagenous colitis (CC) in southern Sweden during 2001-2010. METHODS: Cases were identified by searching for CC in the diagnostic registers at the Pathology Departments in the county of Sk ne. The catchment area comprised the south-west part of the county (394 307 inhabitants in 2010) and is a mixed urban and rural type with limited migration. CC patients that had under- gone colonoscopy during the defined period and were living in this area were included in the study regardless of where in Sk ne they had been diagnosed. Medical records were scrutinized and uncertain cases were reassessed to ensure that only newly diagnosed CC cases were included. The diagnosis of CC was based on both clinical and histopathological criteria. The clinical criterion was non-bloody watery diarrhoea. The histopathological criteria were a chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria, a thickened subepithelial collagen layer ≥ 10 micrometers ( m) and epithelial damage such as flattening and detachment. RESULTS: During the ten year period from 2001-2010, 198 CC patients in the south-west part of the county of Sk ne in southern Sweden were newly diagnosed. Of these, 146 were women and 52 were men, i.e., a female: male ratio of 2.8:1. The median age at diagnosis was 71 years (range 28-95/inter-quartile range 59-81); for women median age was 71 (range 28-95) years and was 73 (range 48-92) years for men. The mean annual incidence was 5.4/105 inhabitants. During the time periods 2001-2005 and 2006-2010, the mean annual incidence rates were 5.4/105 for both periods [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3-6.5 in 2001-2005 and 4.4-6.4 in 2006-2010, respectively, and 4.7-6.2 for the whole period]. Although the incidence varied over the years (minimum 3.7 to maximum 6.7/105) no increase or decrease in the incidence could be identified. The odds ratio (OR) for CC in women compared to men was estimated to be 2.8 (95% CI: 2.0-3.7). The OR for women 65 years of age or above compared to below 65 years of age was

关键词：瑞典南部结肠炎流行病学胶原平均年龄组织病理学慢性炎症发病率

Turbocharging introgression breeding of perennial fruit crops:a case study on apple

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2040-2046页

作者： Satish Kumar Elena Hilario cecilia HDeng Claire Molloy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Hawkes Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Mount Albert Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand

The allelic diversity of primitive germplasm of fruit crops provides a useful resource for introgressing novel genes to meet consumer preferences and environmental challenges.Pre-breeding facilitates the identification of novel genetic variation in the primitive germplasm and expedite its utilisation in cultivar breeding programmes.Several generations of pre-breeding could be required to minimise linkage drag from the donor parent and to maximise the genomic content of the recipient parent.In this study we investigated the potential of genomic selection(GS)as a tool for rapid background selection of parents for the successive generation.A diverse set of 274 accessions was genotyped using random-tag genotyping-by-sequencing,and phenotyped for eight fruit quality traits.The relationship between‘own phenotypes’of 274 accessions and their general combining ability(GCA)was also examined.Trait heritability influenced the strength of correspondence between own phenotype and the GCA.The average(across eight traits)accuracy of predicting own phenotype was 0.70,and the correlations between genomic-predicted own phenotype and GCA were similar to the observed correlations.Our results suggest that genome-assisted parental selection(GAPS)is a credible alternative to phenotypic parental selection,so could help reduce the generation interval to allow faster accumulation of favourable alleles from donor and recipient parents.

关键词： breeding crops donor

Are flight paths of nocturnal songbird migrants influenced by local coastlines at a peninsula？

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 660-669页

作者： cecilia NILSSON Johan BACKMAN Thomas ALERSTAM Department of Biology Lund University SE-223 62 Lund Sweden

By recording nocturnally migrating passerines with tracking radar we have investigated how coastlines affect the migrants’ flight paths. Birds could use coastlines as an orientation aid or as a reference cue to compensate for wind drift while migrating. However, on the small scale of Falsterbo Peninsula in southern Sweden, we found very little effect of coastlines on migrants flight paths, irrespective of altitude. We tracked 2 930 migrants in three autumn and two spring seasons, at altitudes from 60 up to 3 000 meters. We compared tracks of migrants flying in three different areas, which correspond to the three main coastlines, and can demonstrate that the orientation of the tracks did not differ in a way consistent with the coastlines between the areas in autumn, and showed only a slight effect in spring. This is in accordance with earlier infrared device monitoring in Fals-terbo, but contrary to earlier visual observations. It supports the view of nocturnally migrating passerines as mainly broad-front migrants. Even though the coastlines on the scale of the peninsula affected the flight paths very little, it is possible that the coastline has an effect on a larger regional scale, by migrants avoiding long sea crossings and thereby being funneled towards the peninsula, but this remains to be investigated.

关键词：飞行路线海岸线移民路径鸣禽跟踪雷达瑞典南部设备监视

CD4 and CD8 T cells mediate distinct lethal meningoencephalitis in mice challenged with Tacaribe arenavirus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 90-106页

作者： Derek DC Ireland cecilia Tami Joao Pedras-Vasconcelos Daniela Verthelyi Division of Biologics Review and Research-III Office of Biotechnology Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD 20993 USA

Neonates are at increased risk of viral encephalopathies that can result in neurological dysfunction, seizures, permanent disability and even death. The neurological damage results from the combined effect of the virus and the immune response it elicits, thus finding tools to facilitate viral clearance from central nervous system （CNS） while minimizing neuron damage remains a critical challenge. Neonatal mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Tacaribe virus （TCRV） develop seizures, hindlimb paralysis and death within 15 days of inoculation. TCRV localizes to the CNS within days of challenge, primarily infecting astrocytes in the cerebellum and brain stem. We show that infection leads to inflammation, T cell and monocyte infiltration into the cerebellar parenchyma, apoptosis of astrocytes, neuronal degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells. Infiltrating antigen-specific T cells fail to clear the virus but drive the disease, as T-cell-deficient CD3ε KO mice survive TCRV infection with minimal inflammation or clinical manifestations despite no difference in CNS viral loads in comparison with T-cell sufficient mice. CD8＋ T cells drive the pathology, which even in the absence of CD4＋ T-cell help, infiltrate the parenchyma and mediate the apoptotic loss of cerebellar astrocytes, neurodegeneration and loss of Purkinje cells resulting in loss of balance, paralysis and death. CD4＋ T cells are also pathogenic inducing gliosis and inflammation in the cerebellum and cerebrum that are associated with wasting and death several weeks after CD4＋ T-cell transfer. These data demonstrate distinct pathogenic effects of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cells and identify them as possible therapeutic targets.

关键词： Astrocytes CD4 T cells CD8 T cells encephalitis Purkinje cells virus