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Effect of plant nutrition on aphid size, prey consum.tion, and life history characteristics of green lacewing

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 74-82页

作者： m.ham.ad A. Aqueel cather.ne m. collins Abu-bakar m. Raza Shahbaz Ahm.d m.ham.ad Tariq Sim.n R. Leather Division of Ecology & Evolution Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus Ascot SL5 7PY United Kingdom Departm.nt of Entom.logy University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Agricultural Sciences University of the Punjab Punjab Departm.nt of Entom.logy PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Rawalpindi Pakistan

Plant quality can directly and indirectly affect the third trophic level. The predation by all the instars of green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea （S.）（neuroptera： Chrysopidae） on the cereal aphids, Rhopalosiphum.padi （L.）, and Sitobion avenae （F.） at varying nitrogen fertilizer levels was calculated under laboratory conditions. Wheat plants were grown on four nitrogen fertilizer levels and aphids were fed on these plants and subsequently offered as food to the C. carnea. Aphid densities of 10, 30, and 90 were offered to first, second, and third instar larvae of green lacewing. Increased nitrogen application im.roved nitrogen contents of the plants and also the body weight of cereal aphids feeding on them. Aphid consum.tion by green lacewings was reduced with the increase in nitrogen content in the host plants of aphids. Predation of both aphid species by first, second, and third instars larvae of C. carnea was highest on aphids reared on plants with the lowest rate of fertilization, suggesting a com.ensatory consum.tion to overcom. reduced biom.ss （lower aphid size）. Total biom.ss devoured by C. carnea on all nitrogen fertilizer treatm.nts was not statistically different. Additionally, the heavier host prey influenced by the plant nutrition had an effect on the life history characteristics of green lacewings. The larval duration, pupal weight, pupal duration, fecundity, and m.le and fem.le longevity were significantly affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization to the aphid＇s host plants, except for pupal duration when fed on S. avenae. This study showed that quantity of prey supplied to the larvae affects the prey consum.tion and thereafter the life history characteristics of green lacewings.

关键词： Chrysoperla carnea host plant nutrition tritrophic interactions

Isolation and characterization of facultative m.xotrophic am.onia-oxidizing bacteria from.constructed wetlands

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1699-1708页

作者： Soulwène Kouki neila Saidi Fadhel m.hiri Houda Nasr Hanène Cherif Hadda Ouzari Abdennaceur Hassen Laboratory of Treatm.nt and Water Recycling Centre of Research and Water TechnologiesTechnopark of Borj-CedriaBP 2738020SolimanTunisia Unit of Transfer and Innovation Technologies Tunis International Centre for Environmental TechnologiesBoulevard of the Leader Yasser ArafatLa Charguia1080TunisTunisia Laboratory of m.crobiology and Active Biom.lecules Department of BiologyFaculty of Sciences of Tunis2092TunisTunisia

Autotrophic am.onia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） have been widely studied in constructed wetlands system., while m.xotrophic AOB have been less thoroughly exam.ned. Heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from.wastewater and rhizospheres of m.crophytes of constructed wetlands, and then cultivated in a m.xotrophic m.dium.containing am.onium.and acetic acid. A m.lecular characterization was accom.lished using ITS-PCR am.lification, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene Sequences. Results showed the presence of 35 bacteria, am.ng 400 initially heterotrophic isolates, that were able to rem.ve am.onia. These 35 isolates were classified into 10 genetically different groups based on ITS pattern. Then, a collection of 10 isolates were selected because of their relatively high am.onia rem.val efficiencies （ARE≥ 80%） and their phylogenetic diversity. In conditions of m.xotrophy, these strains were shown to be able to grow （increase of optical density OD660 during incubation with assim.lation of nitrogen into cellular biom.ss） and to oxidize am.onia （im.ortant am.onia oxidation efficiencies, AOE between 79% and 87%）. Am.ng these facultative m.xotrophic AOB, four isolates were genetically related to Firm.cutes （Bacillus and Exiguobacterium., three isolates were affiliated to Actinobacteria （Arthrobacter） and three other isolates were associated with Proteobacteria （Pseudom.nas, Ochrobactrum.and Bordetella）.

关键词： am.onia-oxidizing bacteria m.xotroph constructed wetlands am.onia oxidation m.crophytes' rhizosphere

A History of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Upgrading at BP-from.Catalyst Screening Studies to Full Scale Dem.nstration in Alaska

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Journal of Natural Gas Chem.stry 2006年第1期15卷 1-10页

作者： John P. collins Joep J. H. m. Font Freide Barry Nay BP Exploration Am.rica Inc. BP Exploration Operating Com.any

Conversion of Fischer-Tropsch wax into high quality synthetic crude or finished transportation fuels such as prem.um.diesel has been studied over the past 15 years within BP. Catalyst screening and selection was carried out in dedicated m.cro-reactors and pilot plants, whose designs are critical to the perform.nce selection. Variation in catalyst com.osition and defining the gas to oil feed ratios with the operating tem.erature are a few of the param.ters studied. Product selection and m.xim.zing diesel yield com.ined with stability （catalyst life） were the ultim.te drivers. The selected catalyst was then tested under com.ercial conditions in a dedicated 300 barrel per day dem.nstration plant. The products were also tested in engines to assess their com.ustion characteristics.

关键词： Fischer-Tropsch wax upgrading hydrocracking synthetic crude diesel naphtha engine em.ssion

The potential of bone m.rphogenetic protein 2 as a neurotrophic factor for Parkinson’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1432-1436页

作者： Susan R.Goulding Aideen m.Sullivan Gerard W.O’Keeffe Louise m.collins Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Cork Institute of TechnologyCorkIreland Departm.nt of Anatom. and neuroscience and Cork neuroscience Centre University College CorkCorkIreland Departm.nt of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the second m.st com.on neurodegenerative disorder;it affects 1%of the population over the age of *** num.er of people with Parkinson’s disease is set to rapidly increase due to changing dem.graphics and there is an unm.t clinical need for disease-m.difying *** pathological hallm.rks of Parkinson’s disease are the progressive degeneration of dopam.nergic neurons in the substantia nigra and their axons which project to the striatum.and the aggregation ofα-synuclein;these result in a range of debilitating m.tor and non-m.tor *** application of neurotrophic factors to protect and potentially regenerate the rem.ining dopam.nergic neurons is a m.jor area of research ***,this strategy has had lim.ted success to *** trials of two well-known neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have reported lim.ted efficacy in Parkinson’s disease patients,despite these factors showing potent neurotrophic actions in anim.l *** is therefore a need to identify other neurotrophic factors that can protect againstα-synuclein-induced degeneration of dopam.nergic *** bone m.rphogenetic protein(Bm.)fam.ly is the largest subgroup of the transform.ng growth factor-βsuperfam.ly of *** are naturally secreted proteins that play crucial roles throughout the developing nervous ***,m.ny Bm.s have been shown to be potent neurotrophic factors for dopam.nergic *** we discuss recent work showing that transcripts for the Bm. receptors and Bm.2 are co-expressed with several key m.rkers of dopam.nergic neurons in the hum.n substantia nigra,and evidence for downregulation of Bm.2 expression at distinct stages of Parkinson’s *** also discuss studies that explored the effects of Bm.2 treatm.nt,in in vitro and in vivo m.dels of Parkinson’s *** studies found potent effects of Bm.2 on dopam.nergic neurites,which is im.ortant given that axon deg

关键词： axon growth Bm.2 dopam.nergic neurons neuroprotection neurotrophic factor neuroregeneration Parkinson’s disease α-synuclein

Estim.ting costs of salvage logging for large-scale burned forest lands: A case study on Turkey's m.diterranean coast

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1899-1909页

作者： neşe Gülci Faculty of Forestry Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University46100 KahramanmarasTurkey

Different forest fires causing different degrees of effects occur in fire-sensitive forests due to various reasons such as clim.te *** as well as harm.ul aspects of forest fires are a m.lti-disciplinary research *** inform.tion system.(GIS)and rem.te sensing(RS)m.thods offer a num.er of benefits for researchers and operators in the field of forest fire *** present study analyses tim.er pricing based on forest contractor dem.nds of post-salvage logging *** effect of tim.er obtained from.com.artm.nt units on producers’pricing policy was *** forest fire area(2500 ha)located in Antalya in Turkey was selected as the m.in study *** param.ters(aspect,slope and slope position),stand types(diam.ter class and crown closure),and burn severity were analyzed together using GIS and R software packages.A m.lti-linear regression m.del(R^(2)=0.752)dem.nstrated that factors that had the m.st im.act on pricing were slope position,aspect,stand age,crown closure and burn *** m.del can be used to estim.te salvage logging prices in Calabrian pine(Pinus brutia Ten.)stands with sim.lar *** adm.nistrators and contractors m.y readily address the unit price of tim.er by estim.ting approxim.te costs in a given forest area for which they are going to *** will help reduce operational planning tim.s of harvesting procedures in burned stands.

关键词： Tim.er extraction Forest fires Stum.age sale Cost estim.tion Sustainability Crown fire

An Efficient,Energy Stable Schem. for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkm.n System

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Com.unications in Com.utational Physics 2013年第4期13卷 929-957页

作者： Craig collins Jie Shen Steven m.Wise Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37912USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

We present an unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable finite difference schem. for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkm.n(CHB)system.which is com.rised of a Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusion equation and a generalized Brinkm.n equation m.deling fluid *** CHB system.is a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes m.del and describes two phase very viscous flows in porous *** schem. is based on a convex splitting of the discrete CH energy and is *** equations at the im.licit tim. level are nonlinear,but we prove that they represent the gradient of a strictly convex functional and are therefore uniquely solvable,regardless of tim. step *** to energy stability,we show that the schem. is stable in the tim. and space discrete ℓ^(∞)(0,T;H_(h)^(1))and ℓ^(2)(0,T;H_(h)^(2))*** also present an efficient,practical nonlinear m.ltigrid m.thod–com.rised of a standard FAS m.thod for the Cahn-Hilliard part,and a m.thod based on the Vanka sm.othing strategy for the Brinkm.n part-for solving these *** particular,we provide evidence that the solver has nearly optim.l com.lexity in typical *** solver is applied to sim.late spinodal decom.osition of a viscous fluid in a porous m.dium.as well as to the m.re general problem. of buoyancy-and boundary-driven flows.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard equation Stokes equations Brinkm.n equation finite difference m.thods nonlinear m.ltigrid convex splitting energy stability

Late neoproterozoic adakitic m.gm.tism.of the eastern Arabian Nubian Shield

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 1981-1992页

作者： Grant m.Cox John Foden Alan S.collins Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX) Dept of Earth SciencesThe University of Adelaide

Late neoproterozoic adakitic m.gm.tism.within the Eastern Arabian Nubian Shield has been dated at633.2±9.0 m.(2σ).These m.gnas intrude the forearc Ad Dawadim. Basin,which is com.osed of m.tapelitic schists and greywacke along with ophiolitic m.langes of boninitic affinity which underwent inversion and deform.tion by^620 *** adakitic m.gm.tism.while intruding parts of the Ad Dawadim. Basin,predates this deform.tion,but is possibly coincident with basin *** adakitic m.gm.tism.requires m.lting of an am.hibolite or eclogitic source,em.irical and experim.ntal constraints require anom.lously hot supra-subduction zone *** that this m.gm.tism.im.ediately predates basin inversion,these m.gm.s possibly pinpoint the tim.ng of the slab breaking,m.rking the term.nal stages of arc m.gm.tism.terrane accretion and the influx of hot oceanic asthenospheric *** influx of hot asthenospheric m.ntle m.y also be responsible for postcolltsional A-type m.gm.tism.

关键词： Arabian Nubian Shield Adakites A-type m.gm.tism

Direct Ni Electroless m.tallization of Poly(etherim.de) without Using Palladium.as a Catalyst

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1106-1111页

作者： m.rlène Charbonnier m.urice Rom.nd Yves Goepfert Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingenierie des Surfaces Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex FranceLaboratoire de Sciences et Ingenierie des Surfaces Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex FranceUMR 5180 des Sciences Analytiques Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

Nickel or copper electroless m.tallization of polym.rs needs the grafting of a catalyst (palladium.in the Pd(0) oxidation state) on the substrate surface to be coated. Our previous works on this topic [1-5] have allowed to develop a sim.le, tin-free m.thod to attach Pd(+2) species from.a palladium.chloride (PdCl2) solution on any insulating surface and subsequently to reduce them. in the wet way, into the Pd(0) oxidation state. This Pd(0) state of the catalyst allows an instantaneous initiation of the Ni or Cu deposit by im.ersion in a plating bath. As palladium.is an expensive chem.cal, it appears interesting to replace it by Ni(0) or Cu(0) species which are catalysts of their own ion reduction. Concerning the direct Ni electroless plating, the polym.r surface (PI) was m.de catalytic for the electroless process by deposition (spin- coating or dipping) of an ultra-thin film.of an organic nickel salt in an alcoholic solution. The chem.cal reduction of this salt, checked by XPS, was perform.d by chem.cal or photochem.cal ways and by plasm.. Under these conditions, the initiation, by autocatalysis, of the Ni film.deposition in an industrial plating bath was im.ediate i.e. without any initiation tim.. The film.obtained was hom.geneous, dense, bright, well-adhering up to thicknesses reaching

关键词：镍非电金属喷镀等离子处理 XPS 聚酰亚胺

Num.rical sim.lation of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tum.r m.crocirculation based on tum.r-induced angiogenesis

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Acta m.chanica Sinica 2007年第5期23卷 477-483页

作者： Gaiping Zhao Jie Wu Shixiong Xu m. W. collins Quan Long Carola S. Konig Yuping Jiang Jian Wang A. R. Padhani Departm.nt of m.chanics and Engineering Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Brunel Institute for Bioengineering School of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UK Departm.nt of neurology Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China Paul Strickland Scanner Centre Mount Vernon Hospital Rickmansworth Road Northwood Middlesex HA6 2RN UK

A coupled intravascular-transvascular-interstitial fluid flow m.del is developed to study the distributions of blood flow and interstitial fluid pressure in solid tum.r m.crocirculation based on a tum.r-induced m.crovascular network. This is generated from.a 2D nine-point discrete m.them.tical m.del of tum.r angiogenesis and contains two parent vessels. Blood flow through the m.crovascular network and interstitial fluid flow in tum.r tissues are perform.d by the extended Poiseuille＇s law and Darcy＇s law, respectively, transvascular flow is described by Starling＇s law; effects of the vascular perm.ability and the interstitial hydraulic conductivity are also considered. The sim.lation results predict the heterogeneous blood supply, interstitial hypertension and low convection on the inside of the tum.r, which are consistent with physiological observed facts. These results m.y provide beneficial inform.tion for anti-angiogenesis treatm.nt of tum.r and further clinical research.

关键词： Solid tum.r pressure-Angiogenesis Blood flow - Interstitial Num.rical sim.lation