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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2021年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： Matthew D.Moore cassandra Suther Yanjiao Zhou Department of Food Science University of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA Department of Medicine University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCTUSA.

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic and its severe societal burden have underscored the importance of understanding eukaryotic viral infection and its relationship to both acute and secondary health effects.1,2 Many viruses,including SARS-CoV-2 in some instances,replicate in the enteric tract or have an indirect relationship with it.A growing area of focus has been to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and viral infection,as some evidence suggests that certain bacteria or bacterial compositions can promote3–8 or inhibit7,9,10 viral *** gut microbiota has been implicated in affecting pathophysiology of local gut and many remote organs such as the lungs,liver,and brain.7 Although the interaction between viral replication and bacteria in the gut is an exciting growing area of focus,gaps still exist in understanding the effect enteric replication of some viruses has on the gut microbiome and if there are other health consequences of any of those changes.

关键词： acute organs consequences

Dietary substitution of soybean oil with coconut oil in the absence of dietary antibiotics supports growth performance and immune function in nursery and grower pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 480-492页

作者： Andrea G.Braundmeier-Fleming cassandra S.Skenandore Lesly Gil Victoria Jacobsen Melissa Cregger Taylor Badger Mallory Karr Guoyao Wu Stephen B.Smith Annie E.Newell-Fugate Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversitySpringfieldIL 62702USA Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M University4466 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:We hypothesized that supplementation of nursery and grower pig diets with coconut oil in the absence of antibiotics would yield maintenance of glucose homeostasis,growth performance,and immune function similar to what is achieved with nursery and grower pig diets containing *** received the same base treatment diets from d24(weaning)to d71 of age and had blood and fecal samples collected on d24,d31,d45 and d71 for measurement of whole blood glucose,serum insulin,cortisol and cytokines,and fecal *** had weekly weights and daily feed consumption measured throughout the *** were euthanized at d71 and subcutaneous fat and ileal contents were collected for assessment for fatty acids and microbiome,*** treatments consisted of 2%soybean oil plus antibiotics(ABX;n=22),2%soybean oil without antibiotics(NABX;n=22),and 2%coconut oil without antibiotics(COC;n=22).Statistical analysis examined the effect of diet within each timepoint using a repeated measures ***:Pigs fed COC diet had decreased serum insulin levels,maintained feed intake,feed conversion and weight gain,and,based on serum cytokines and fecal microbiome,were immunologically similar to ABX-fed ***,NABX-fed pigs performed similarly to the ABX-fed pigs in all parameters except for serum ***,there was no difference in the incidence of diarrhea between any of the diet ***:This study demonstrates that dietary antibiotics are not necessary to maintain growth performance in nursery and grower ***,dietary antibiotics appear to modulate circulating cytokine *** coconut oil is neither harmful nor helpful to growth performance or immune function in nursery and grower pigs but does modulate serum insulin ***,while coconut oil fed at 2%by weight is a suitable substitute for dietary antibiotics,this study suggests that no substitute for dietary antibiotics is needed at all.

关键词： Alternatives Antibiotic supplementation Grower pigs Medium chain fatty acids Nursery pigs Oil

Predicting disruptions to drug pharmacokinetics and the risk of adverse drug reactions in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： Solène Marie Kayla L.Frost Raymond K.Hau Lucy Martinez-Guerrero Jailyn M.Izu cassandra M.Myers Stephen H.Wright Nathan J.Cherrington College of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology&ToxicologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA College of Medicine Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

The liver plays a central role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs through drug metabolizing enzymes and ***-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)causes disease-specific alterations to the absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)processes,including a decrease in protein expression of basolateral uptake transporters,an increase in efflux transporters,and modifications to enzyme *** can result in increased drug exposure and adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Our goal was to predict drugs that pose increased risks for ADRs in NASH *** research identified 71 drugs with reported ADRs in patients with liver disease,mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),54 of which are known substrates of transporters and/or metabolizing *** NASH is the progressive form of NAFLD but is most frequently undiagnosed,we identified other drugs at risk based on NASH-specific alterations to ADME ***,we present another list of 71 drugs at risk of pharmacokinetic disruption in NASH,based on their transport and/or metabolism *** encompasses drugs from various pharmacological classes for which ADRs may occur when used in NASH patients,especially when eliminated through multiple pathways altered by the ***,these results may inform clinicians regarding the selection of drugs for use in NASH patients.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic elimination Transporter Enzyme Pharmacokinetics Drug-drug interaction Liver Adverse drug reaction

Impact of obesity treatment on gastroesophageal refluxdisease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1627-1638页

作者： Abraham Khan Aram Kim cassandra Sanossian Fritz Francois Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States Department of Medicine New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016United States New York University School of Medicine New YorkNY 10016United States

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) is a frequently encountered disorder. Obesity is an important risk factor for GERD, and there are several pathophysiologic mechanisms linking the two conditions. For obese patients with GERD, much of the treatment effort is focused on weight loss and its consistent benefit to symptoms, while there is a relative lack of evidence regarding outcomes after novel or even standard medical therapy is offered to this population. Physicians are hesitant to recommend operative anti-reflux therapy to obese patients due to the potentially higher risks and decreased efficacy, and these patients instead are often considered for bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgical approaches are broadening, and each technique has emerging evidence regarding its effect on both the risk and outcome of GERD. Furthermore, combined antireflux and bariatric options are now being offered to obese patients with GERD. However, currently Rouxen-Y gastric bypass remains the most effective surgical treatment option in this population, due to its consistent benefits in both weight loss and GERD itself. This article aims to review the impact of both conservative and aggressive approaches of obesity treatment on GERD.

关键词： Obesity Gastroesophageal reflux disease Fundoplication Sleeve gastrectomy Gastric banding Gastric bypass

Expression of Six Chloroplast Genes in <i>Jatropha curcas</i>Callus under Light and Dark Conditions

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第5期2卷 650-656页

作者： Wilson Thau Lym Yong cassandra Sze Yii Chew Kenneth Francis Rodrigues 不详

The induction of genes encoded in the open reading frames (ORFs) of chloroplast genomes have been posited to be influenced by ambient light condition. The current study focused on determining which of the six ORFs, encoding the genes ycf 1, ycf 2, psbD (photosystem II), rbcl (Rubisco), matK (Maturase K) and rpoC1 (RNA polymerase) were influenced by light. Characterization of gene expression at the whole plant level and callus stage facilitates the identification of transcripts which are differentially regulated under these environmental conditions. Specificity of these primers was tested against genomic DNA and total RNA. Transcripts of six targeted genes were detected in all three replicates of the green and white callus under light and dark conditions, except for ycf 2 gene in green callus under light. The result showed that a partial transcript of the gene ycf 2 located on the J. curcas chloroplast genome was not detectable using reverse transcription PCR. This finding was then validated using quantitative real-time PCR. The gene was suspected to be post-transcriptionally modified. The transcripts of the remaining five ORFs could be detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Specific transcripts can be identified for application as biomarkers for selection of callus for plantlet regeneration.

关键词： Chloroplast DNA Gene Expression Jatropha curcas Post-Transcriptional Modification

Vaginal Cellular Angiofibroma with Heavy Bleeding: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1609-1615页

作者： Anh Q. Nguyen cassandra L. Presti Graham Nelsen Francine McLeod Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church VA USA Department Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of Virginia Inova Campus Falls Church VA USA

Cellular angiofibroma is a rare mesenchymal tumor that most commonly presents as an asymptomatic well-circumscribed mass in the vulva. Very few cases have been found in the vagina and even fewer presented with vaginal bleeding. A 54-year-old female presented to the emergency department with five months of vaginal bleeding and symptomatic anemia requiring blood transfusion. Upon physical examination, she was found to have a firm 4 cm posterior vaginal mass, distinctly distal to the cervix. The mass was resected and diagnosed as a vaginal cellular angiofibroma on pathologic evaluation. The patient did well post-operatively with recommended follow-up every six months. The common differential diagnosis for a bleeding vaginal mass includes leiomyoma, angiofibroblastoma, aggressive angiomyxoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. In this case, cellular angiofibroma presented as a vaginal mass with heavy bleeding leading to severe anemia. Early involvement of gynecologic oncology can help to optimize patients’ evaluation and management.

关键词： Vaginal Cellular Angiofibroma Vaginal Tumor Vaginal Bleeding

Inhibiting WNT secretion reduces high bone mass caused by Sost loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in Lrp5

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骨研究:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 595-606页

作者： cassandra R.Diegel Ina Kramer Charles Moes Gabrielle E.Foxa Mitchell J.McDonald Zachary B.Madaj Sabine Guth Jun Liu Jennifer L.Harris Michaela Kneissel Bart O.Williams Department of Cell Biology Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Van Andel Institute333 Bostwick Ave.NEGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Oncology Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchSan DiegoCA 92121USA

Proper regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for normal bone development and *** in several Wnt signaling components,which increase the activity of the pathway in the skeleton,cause high bone mass in human subjects and mouse *** bone mass is often accompanied by severe headaches from increased intracranial pressure,which can lead to fatality and loss of vision or hearing due to the entrapment of cranial *** addition,progressive forehead bossing and mandibular overgrowth occur in almost all *** that would provide symptomatic relief in these subjects are ***-mediated palmitoylation is necessary for Wnt secretion and binding to the frizzled *** inhibition of porcupine is a highly selective method of Wnt signaling *** treated three different mouse models of high bone mass caused by aberrant Wnt signaling,including homozygosity for loss-of-function in Sost,which models sclerosteosis,and two strains of mice carrying different point mutations in Lrp5(equivalent to human G171V and A214V),at 3 months of age with porcupine inhibitors for 5–6 *** significantly reduced both trabecular and cortical bone mass in all three *** demonstrates that porcupine inhibition is potentially therapeutic for symptomatic relief in subjects who suffer from these disorders and further establishes that the continued production of Wnts is necessary for sustaining high bone mass in these models.

关键词： homeostasis function mass

Postpartum intrauterine device contraception: A review

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第1期5卷 134-139页

作者： Shadi Rezai Pameela Bisram Hasan Nezam Ray Mercado cassandra E Henderson Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center St.George’s University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toledo Medical Center

AIM： To review the safety （infection, perforation） and efficacy （expulsion, continuation rates, pregnancy） of intrauterine device （IUD） insertion in the postpartum period. METHODS： MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies of IUD insertions at different times during the postpartum period. Time of insertion during the postpartum period was documented speci-fically, immediate post placenta period （within 10 min）, early post placenta period （10 min to 72 h）, and de-layed/interval period （greater than 6 wk）. Other study variables included mode of delivery, vaginal vs cesarean, manual vs use of ring forceps to insert the IUD. RESULTS： IUD insertion in the immediate postpartum （within 10 min of placental delivery）, early postpartum （10 min up to 72 h） and Interval/Delayed （6 wk onward） were found to be safe and effcacious. Expulsion rates were found to be highest in the immediate postpartum groups ranging from 14% to 27%. Immediate post placental insertion found to have expulsion rates that ranged from 3.6% to 16.2%. Expulsion rate was significantly higher after insertion following vaginal vs cesarean delivery. The rates of infection, perforation and unplanned pregnancy following postpartum IUD insertion are low. Method of insertion such as with ring forceps, by hand, or another placement method unique to the type of IUD did not show any signifcant difference in expulsion rates. Uterine perforations are highest in the delayed/interval IUD insertion *** duration and infant development are not affected by delayed/interval insertion of the non-hormonal （copper） IUD or the Levonorgestrel IUD. Timing of the Levonorgestrel IUD insertion may affect breastfeeding. CONCLUSION： IUD insertion is safe and efficacious during the immediate postpartum, early postpartum and delayed postpartum periods. Expulsion rates are highest after vaginal delivery and when inserted during the immediate post

关键词： Access to intrauterine devices Contra-ception Expulsion Intrauterine device Long acting reversible contraception Postpartum contraception Postpartum intrauterine device Postpartum intrauterine device placement Post-placental insertion

Advanced Undifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma with No Evidence of Disease after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第11期10卷 1573-1579页

作者： cassandra L. Presti Payam Katebi Kashi Christopher M. Tarney Ruchi Garg Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Inova Fairfax Women’s Hospital Falls Church VA USA Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division of Gynecologic Oncology Bethesda MD USA Mid Atlantic Gynecologic Oncology and Pelvic Surgery Associates Fairfax Virginia USA

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used in gynecologic malignancies as primary treatment for advanced disease and has demonstrated improvement in survival rates. However, the data for use in endometrial cancer is limited. Case: This is a case of stage IV endometrial undifferentiated carcinoma with complete response to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin/paclitaxel) and no evidence of disease during the interval debulking surgery (robotic-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, and cystoscopy). Conclusion: Complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval debulking surgery is only reported in a limited number of cases, and even less common in advanced stage high-grade endometrial cancers. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy may reduce tumor burden, increase opportunities for optimal debulking, and have an impact on survival. Further research is needed to understand the potential for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these patients.

关键词： Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Undifferentiated Endometrial Carcinoma

The Impact of Parents' Beliefs and Maternal Gate-keeping on Father Involvement

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The Impact of Parents' Beliefs and Maternal Gate-keeping on ...