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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： cassandra d.pauling deborah L.FINKE deborah M.ANdERSON department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit *** particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of ***,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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Quantification and discovery of PCR inhibitors found in food matrices commonly associated with foodborne viruses

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2019年第4期8卷 351-355页

作者： cassandra Suther Matthew d.Moore department of Food Science University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003United States

Human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness *** and quantification of norovirus commonly involves the use of reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR);however,the presence of inhibitory compounds in foods limit detection and accurate *** some studies have been done on PCR inhibitors from foods,many of them are over a decade old and do not investigate inhibition in contemporary one-step RT-qPCR-based detection *** purpose of this work was to quantify the degree of inhibition that occurs from inhibitory compounds found in produce(pectin)and mollusks(hemocyanin,glycogen)—foods commonly associated with norovirus ***-qPCR reactions containing different amounts of genomic bacteriophage MS2 RNA,a norovirus surrogate,were spiked with different concentrations of pectin(0.0625%–0.25%w/V),glycogen(1.25%–10%),and hemocyanin(0.0625%–0.25%).Past research has implicated glycogen as an inhibitory compound in oysters;however,even high levels of glycogen(10%)had no significant effect(P>0.05)on ***,both pectin and hemocyanin caused complete inhibition at 0.25%,with no significant inhibition observed at 0.0625%(Pdant in the hemolymph of mollusks and previously untested as a PCR *** work demonstrates that pectin and hemocyanin should be considered when testing produce and mollusk samples with PCR-based methods.

关键词： PCR inhibition PCR false negatives Norovirus detection Hemocyanin Pectin

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Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on insulin resistance and body composition in transgender individuals: A systematic review

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World Journal of diabetes 2020年第3期11卷 66-77页

作者： cassandra Spanos Ingrid Bretherton Jeffrey d Zajac Ada S Cheung Trans Medical Research Group Department of Medicine (Austin Health) University of Melbourne

BACKGROUNd Transgender individuals receiving masculinising or feminising gender-affirming hormone therapy with testosterone or estradiol respectively,are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes,including myocardial infarction and *** may be related to the effects of testosterone or estradiol therapy on body composition,fat distribution,and insulin resistance but the effect of genderaffirming hormone therapy on these cardiovascular risk factors has not been extensively *** To evaluate the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body composition and insulin resistance in transgender individuals,to guide clinicians in minimising cardiovascular *** We performed a review of the literature based on PRISMA ***,Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies examining body composition,insulin resistance or body fat distribution in transgender individuals aged over 18 years on established gender-affirming hormone *** were selected for full-text analysis if they investigated transgender individuals on any type of gender-affirming hormone therapy and reported effects on lean mass,fat mass or insulin *** The search strategy identified 221 *** exclusion of studies that did not meet inclusion criteria,26 were included(2 cross-sectional,21 prospectiveuncontrolled and 3 prospective-controlled).Evidence in transgender men suggests that testosterone therapy increases lean mass,decreases fat mass and has no impact on insulin *** in transgender women suggests that feminising hormone therapy(estradiol,with or without anti-androgen agents)decreases lean mass,increases fat mass,and may worsen insulin *** to body composition were consistent across almost all studies:Transgender men on testosterone gained lean mass and lost fat mass,and transgender women on oestrogen experienced the *** study directly contradicted these trends,though several small st

关键词： Transgender persons Insulin resistance Body composition Gender dysphoria Metabolic syndrome

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Family Health History and Behavioral Change among Undergraduate Students: A Mixed Methods Study

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Health 2016年第4期8卷 325-335页

作者： Ronica N. Rooks cassandra d. Ford department of Health and Behavioral Sciences University of Colorado Denver Denver USA The Capstone College of Nursing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA

Background: We examined family health history (FHH) as a public health intervention tool in undergraduate students. We hypothesized that the FHH assignment would positively relate to students’ FHH knowledge and health and healthcare-seeking behavioral change. Methods: Health professional students’ (n = 103) pre/post-test surveys and research papers were collected in 2011-2012, from a mid-western and southern university in the United States of America, using mixed methods research. Results: The majority of students were aged 18 - 30, women, White, had healthcare access and health insurance, and awareness of the term FHH. Significant logistic regression relationships existed between: 1) helping students understand important strengths and weaknesses in their health and quality of life and outcomes of talking with family and doctors about FHH;and 2) improving students’ understanding of what they needed to do to maintain their health and the outcome statement “FHH tells you about inherited genes.” Key themes from the research papers included actions and FHH and proposed behavioral changes. Conclusions: Quantitative findings supported the relationship between students’ assignment evaluation and knowledge change, while qualitative findings supported relationships between assignment evaluation and knowledge and behavioral change. This study highlights regional differences in students’ FHH and the need to address family support barriers to behavioral change.

关键词： Family Health History Health Behaviors Undergraduate Students Health Professionals

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Microbiota,Viral Infection,and the Relationship to Human diseases:An Area of Increasing Interest in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

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Infectious Microbes & diseases 2021年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： Matthew d.Moore cassandra Suther Yanjiao Zhou department of Food Science University of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA department of Medicine University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCTUSA.

The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic and its severe societal burden have underscored the importance of understanding eukaryotic viral infection and its relationship to both acute and secondary health effects.1,2 Many viruses,including SARS-CoV-2 in some instances,replicate in the enteric tract or have an indirect relationship with it.A growing area of focus has been to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and viral infection,as some evidence suggests that certain bacteria or bacterial compositions can promote3–8 or inhibit7,9,10 viral *** gut microbiota has been implicated in affecting pathophysiology of local gut and many remote organs such as the lungs,liver,and brain.7 Although the interaction between viral replication and bacteria in the gut is an exciting growing area of focus,gaps still exist in understanding the effect enteric replication of some viruses has on the gut microbiome and if there are other health consequences of any of those changes.

关键词： acute organs consequences

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dietary supplementation with 0.4%L-arginine between days 14 and 30 of gestation enhances NO and polyamine syntheses and water transport in porcine placentae

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 627-639页

作者： cassandra M.Herring Fuller W.Bazer Gregory A.Johnson Heewon Seo Shengdi Hu Mohammed Elmetwally Wenliang He daniel B.Long Guoyao Wu department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA.

Background:Most embryonic loss in pigs occurs before d 30 of *** supplementation with L-arginine(Arg) during early gestation can enhance the survival and development of conceptuses(embryo/fetus and its extraembryonic membranes) in ***,the underlying mechanisms remain largely ***:Between d 14 and 30 of gestation,each gilt was fed daily 2 kg of a corn-and soybean-meal based diet(12% crude protein) supplemented with either 0.4% Arg(as Arg-HCl) or an isonitrogenous amount of L-alanine(Control).There were 10 gilts per treatment *** d 30 of gestation,gilts were fed either Arg-HCl or L-alanine 30 min before they were hysterectomized,followed by the collection of placentae,embryos,fetal membranes,and fetal *** and allantoic fluids were analyzed for nitrite and nitrate [NOx;stable oxidation products of nitric oxide(NO)],polyamines,and amino *** were analyzed for syntheses of NO and polyamines,water and amino acid transport,concentrations of amino acid-related metabolites,and the expression of angiogenic factors and aquaporins(AQPs).Results:Compared to the control group,Arg supplementation increased(P d diameter of placental blood vessels(+ 25.9% and + 17.0% respectively),embryonic survival(+ 18.5%),total placental weight(+ 36.5%),the total weight of viable fetuses(+ 33.5%),fetal crown-to-rump length(+ 4.7%),and total allantoic and amniotic fluid volumes(+ 44.6% and + 75.5% respectively).Compared to control gilts,Arg supplementation increased(P drolase-1(+ 33.1%) and ornithine decarboxylase(+ 29.3%);placental syntheses of NO(+ 26.2%) and polyamines(+ 28.9%);placental concentrations of NOx(+ 22.5%),tetrahydrobiopterin(+ 21.1%),polyamines(+ 20.4%),c AMP(+ 27.7%),and c GMP(+ 24.7%);total amounts of NOx(+ 61.7% to + 96.8%),polyamines(+ 60.7% to + 88.7%),amino acids(+ 39% to + 118%),glucose(+ 60.5% to + 62.6

关键词： Angiogenesis Arginine Fetus Placenta Reproduction

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Comparison of Substrate Specificity of <em>Escherichia Coli</em>p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate Hy-drolase with <em>Pseudomonas</em>Carboxypeptidase G

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2014年第1期2卷 39-48页

作者： cassandra M. Larimer dejan Slavnic Lenore d. Pitstick Jacalyn M. Green department of Biochemistry Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University Downers Grove IL USA

Reduced folic acid derivatives support biosynthesis of dNA, RNA and amino acids in bacteria as well as in eukaryotes, including humans. While the genes and steps for bacterial folic acid synthesis are known, those associated with folic acid catabolism are not well understood. A folate catabolite found in both humans and bacteria is p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate (PABA-GLU). The enzyme p-aminobenzoyl-glutamate hydrolase (PGH) breaks down PABA-GLU and is part of an apparent operon, the abg region, in E. coli. The subunits of PGH possess sequence and catalytic similarities to carboxypeptidase enzymes from Pseudomonas species. A comparison of the subunit sequences and activity of PGH, relative to carboxypeptidase enzymes, may lead to a better understanding of bacterial physiology and pathway evolution. We first compared the amino acid sequences of AbgA, AbgB and carboxypeptidase G2 from Pseudomonas sp. RS-16, which has been crystallized. Then we compared the enzyme activities of E. coli PGH and commercially available Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G using spectrophotometric assays measuring cleavage of PABA-GLU, folate, aminopterin, methotrexate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. The Km and Vmax values for the folate and anti-folate substrates of PGH could not be determined, because the instrument reached its limit before the enzyme was saturated. Therefore, activity of PGH was compared to the activity of CPG, or normalized to PABA-GLU (nmole/min/μg). Relative to its activity with 10 μM PABA-GLU (100%), PGH cleaved glutamate from methotrexate (48%), aminopterin (45%) and folate (9%). Reduced folates leucovorin (5-formyltetrahydrofolate) and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate were not cleaved by PGH. Our data suggest that E. coli PGH is specific for PABA-GLU as its activity with natural folates (folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and leucovorin) was very poor. It does, however, have some ability to cleave anti-folates which may have clinical applications in treatment

关键词： Folate p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate Hydrolase Carboxypeptidase G Folate Catabolism

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dietary substitution of soybean oil with coconut oil in the absence of dietary antibiotics supports growth performance and immune function in nursery and grower pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 480-492页

作者： Andrea G.Braundmeier-Fleming cassandra S.Skenandore Lesly Gil Victoria Jacobsen Melissa Cregger Taylor Badger Mallory Karr Guoyao Wu Stephen B.Smith Annie E.Newell-Fugate department of Medical Microbiology Immunology and Cell BiologySchool of MedicineSouthern Illinois UniversitySpringfieldIL 62702USA department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M University4466 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA department of Animal Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMUCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:We hypothesized that supplementation of nursery and grower pig diets with coconut oil in the absence of antibiotics would yield maintenance of glucose homeostasis,growth performance,and immune function similar to what is achieved with nursery and grower pig diets containing *** received the same base treatment diets from d24(weaning)to d71 of age and had blood and fecal samples collected on d24,d31,d45 and d71 for measurement of whole blood glucose,serum insulin,cortisol and cytokines,and fecal *** had weekly weights and daily feed consumption measured throughout the *** were euthanized at d71 and subcutaneous fat and ileal contents were collected for assessment for fatty acids and microbiome,*** treatments consisted of 2%soybean oil plus antibiotics(ABX;n=22),2%soybean oil without antibiotics(NABX;n=22),and 2%coconut oil without antibiotics(COC;n=22).Statistical analysis examined the effect of diet within each timepoint using a repeated measures ***:Pigs fed COC diet had decreased serum insulin levels,maintained feed intake,feed conversion and weight gain,and,based on serum cytokines and fecal microbiome,were immunologically similar to ABX-fed ***,NABX-fed pigs performed similarly to the ABX-fed pigs in all parameters except for serum ***,there was no difference in the incidence of diarrhea between any of the diet ***:This study demonstrates that dietary antibiotics are not necessary to maintain growth performance in nursery and grower ***,dietary antibiotics appear to modulate circulating cytokine *** coconut oil is neither harmful nor helpful to growth performance or immune function in nursery and grower pigs but does modulate serum insulin ***,while coconut oil fed at 2%by weight is a suitable substitute for dietary antibiotics,this study suggests that no substitute for dietary antibiotics is needed at all.

关键词： Alternatives Antibiotic supplementation Grower pigs Medium chain fatty acids Nursery pigs Oil

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加快信息技术在战略领域的应用——来自美国生命科学研发的启示

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信息空间 2004年第10期 i001-i007页

作者： cassandra Ingram Gurmukh Gill 经济和统计局的首席经济学家办公室政策发展处经济学家经济和统计局的首席经济学家办公室政策发展处经济研究高级行政人员

信息技术(IT)显著降低了生命科学研究和发展(R＆d)的成本，提高了其速度和生产率。反过来，生命科学的R＆d也面临着IT应用的新的挑战和机遇。这一有效循环已导致一个全新的知识领域产生。例如。

关键词： R&d 战略 IT应用信息技术(IT) 发展启示美国生物生命科学知识领域

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Pharmacological characterizationof synthetic cannabinoid MAM-2201：radioligand binding and abuse-related effects

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2017年第10期31卷 1016-1017页

作者： William E FANTEGROSSI Aaron JANOWSKY Amy J ESHLEMAN Lauren N RUSSELL Saki FUKUdA Jyoti GOGOI cassandra PRIOLEAU Ambuja S BALE Srihari R TELLA Merle G PAULE Takato HIRANITA department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences AR 72207 division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Food and Drug Administration AR 72079 departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR 97239-3098 VA Portland Health Care System Portland OR 97239 drug and Chemical Evaluation Section Drug Enforcement Administration

OBJECTIVE Over 30% of all new psychoactive substances identified by the UN Office on drugs and Crime in 2016 were synthetic *** recent emergence of MAM-2201 on the illicit market is troubling because this drug has no precedent in either the scientific or patent literature,and appears to be a novel compound developed specifically as a "graymarket" drug of abuse bystructurally combining the known synthetic cannabinoids JWH-122 and *** is currently no published information regarding the pharmacology of *** The present studies characterized cannabinoid-like effects of MAM-2201 in vitro(interactions with cannabinoid type 1 receptors[CB1 Rs]) and in vivo(in mice and rats).RESULTS In a radioligand binding assay using [3 H]CP55,940 in HEK cell membranes transfected with the CB1 R,MAM-2201(K i=5.4 nmol·L^(-1)),had higher binding affinity than WIN 55,212-2(K i=80 nmol·L^(-1)),and d9-THC(K i=8.3 nmol·L^(-1)).The E max values for MAM-2201 and WIN 55,212-2 in an assay of agonist inhibition of forskolin-stimulated c AMP were 85%(EC50=0.45 nmol·L^(-1)) and 95%,respectively,as compared with the d9-THC E max of 74%.In mice,MAM-2201(0.003-1.0 mg·kg^(-1),IP) produced dose-dependent cannabimimetic effects which were both more potent and more effective than those of ***-2201 and d9-THC dose-dependently produced hypothermia:Ed50=0.287 and 25.4 mg·kg^(-1),analgesia:Ed50=0.125 and 29.4 mg·kg^(-1),and catalepsy:Ed50=0.301 and18.9 mg·kg^(-1) in adult male Cd1 ***,MAM-2201 also elicited convulsant effects at a dose of 1.0 mg·kg^(-1) in 8/8 murine *** rats,MAM-2201 produced dose-dependent d9-THC-like interoceptive effects in subjects trained to discriminate 3.0 mg·kg^(-1)(IP) d9-THC from *** MAM-2201 binds CB1 Rs with high affinity and agonist efficacy,and functions as a potent cannabinoid agonist in vivo across several complementary measures of cannabinoid activity in two rodent species.

关键词： cannabinoid CB1 receptor behavior abuse liability

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