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Determination of the standardized ileal digestible calcium requirement of Ross broilers from hatch to day 14 post-hatch

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 122-129页

作者： carrie L.walk Raffaella Aureli Pauline Jenn DSM Nutritional Products Delves RoadHeanorDerbyshireDE757SGUnited Kingdom Research Center for Animal Nutrition and Health DSM Nutritional ProductsVillage-Neuf68128France

An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestible(SID)calcium requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 *** 308(n=360)male broilers were obtained on day of hatch and allocated to 1 of 5 treatments in battery *** were 6 birds per cage and 12 pens per *** treatments were formulated to contain 0.60%,0.46%,0.32%or 0.18%SID *** final treatment was formulated using total Ca to meet or exceed all nutrient requirements,including 0.90%total Ca and 0.49%non-phytate P(nPP),using the same *** treatment was the reference diet for comparison and validation of the SID Ca *** and feed were weighed at placement and on d *** and ileal contents were obtained on d 14 and excreta was collected per pen and pooled on d *** were analyzed using JMP Pro and requirements were estimated using 3different non-linear regression *** the SID Ca content in the diet from 0.18%to 0.60%improved(quadratic,P<0.05)body weight gain and mortality corrected feed conversion ratio(mFCR).The estimated SID Ca requirement to optimize gain or m FCR was between 0.39%and 0.52%.Tibia ash percent and weight increased(quadratic,P<0.05)as SID Ca content in the diet increased and the estimated SID Ca requirement was between 0.32%and 0.58%.Phosphorus utilization was improved in birds fed diets formulated using SID Ca compared with birds fed the reference *** conclusion,the SID Ca requirement of fast-growing broilers from hatch to d 14 was estimated between 0.534%and 0.398%when quadratic,straight-broken line,or quadratic-broken line regressions were *** results agree with previously published data evaluating the SID Ca requirement of fast-growth broilers from hatch to d 10.

关键词： Apparent ileal digestibility Digestible calcium Requirements Retention Tibia ash

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Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 77-84页

作者： Katherine McCormick carrie L.walk Craig L.Wyatt Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University JBS United AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus(P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets(a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased(P < 0.05) digestibility and retention of gross energy(GE) and supplementation with tylosin increased(P < 0.05) N retention relative to the basal negative control diet. Experiment 2 used eight 19-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3×3 factorial of antimicrobials(none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase(0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg).Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased(P< 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen(N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects(P < 0.01) of phytase on Ca utilization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies(P < 0,10) in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved(P < 0.05) N utilization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved(P < 0.05) feed efficiency and adding tylosin improved(P < 0.05) tibia as

关键词： Antimicrobials Chickens Phosphorus Phytase Pigs

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Influence of the concentration of dietary digestible calcium on growth performance,bone mineralization, plasma calcium, and abundance of genes involved in intestinal absorption of calcium in pigs from 11 to 22 kg fed diets with different concentrations of

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 942-957页

作者： L.Vanessa Lagos Su A.Lee Guillermo Fondevila carrie L.walk Michael R.Murphy Juan J.Loor Hans H.Stein Division of Nutritional Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Universidad Politécnica de Madrid MadridSpain AB Vista Marlborough SN84ANUK

Background: A 21-day experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Ca requirements to maximize growth performance expressed as the standardized total tract digestible(STTD) Ca to STTD P ratio is less than 1.40:1. The second hypothesis was that increasing dietary Ca increases plasma Ca concentration and downregulates abundance of genes related to Ca absorption(TRPV6, S100 G, and ATP2 B1) in the duodenum, and tight junction proteins(OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1) in the duodenum and ***: Twenty corn-soybean meal diets were formulated using a 4 × 5 factorial design with diets containing 0.16%, 0.33%, 0.42%, or 0.50% STTD P, and 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.44%, 0.59%, or 0.74% STTD Ca. Six hundred and forty pigs(initial weight: 11.1 ± 1.4 kg) were allotted to 20 diets and 5 blocks in a randomized complete block design. On day21, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and blood, duodenal tissue, ileal mucosa, and the right femur were collected from 1 pig per pen. Abundance of m RNA was determined in duodenal and ileal tissue via quantitative RT-PCR. Data were analyzed using a response surface ***: The predicted maximum ADG(614 g), G:F(0.65), and bone ash(11.68 g) was obtained at STTD Ca:STTD P ratios of 1.39:1, 1.25:1, and 1.66:1, respectively, when STTD P was provided at the requirement(0.33%). If dietary STTD P was below the requirement, increasing dietary Ca resulted in reduced(P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. However, if dietary STTD P was above the requirement, negative effects(P < 0.05) on ADG and G:F of increasing STTD Ca were observed only if dietary STTD Ca exceeded 0.6%. Plasma Ca concentration was positively affected by STTD Ca over the range studied(quadratic, P < 0.01) and negatively affected by increasing STTD P(linear, P < 0.01). There was a linear negative effect(P < 0.05) of STTD Ca on the abundance of S100 G, TRPV6, OCLN, and ZO1 in duodenum, and CLDN and ZO1 in ***: The STTD Ca:STTD P ratio needed to maximize growth performanc

关键词： Bone ash Calcium absorption Digestible calcium Growth Pigs Requirement

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Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Natalie K.Morgan carrie L.walk Michael R.Bedford Dawn V.Scholey Emily J.Burton School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus(P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract(pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity(37℃) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds(n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high(8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low(5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers(12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard(P < 0.001), jejunum(P < 0.001) and ileum(P < 0.001) and resulting greater body weight gain(BWG)(P = 0.015) and lower FCR(P = 0.003) than birds fed the low susceptible phytate diets,irrespective of phytase presence. Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum(P < 0.05) and resulting greater tibia and femur Ca and P(P < 0.05) content than those fed the low susceptible diets. All the susceptible phytate was fully degraded in the tract in the absence of added phytase, suggesting the assay used in this study was able to successfully estimate the amount of total dietary phytate that was susceptible to the effects of phytase when used at standard levels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greate

关键词： Broiler Phytate Digestibility Phytase Phosphorus

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植酸酶、植酸以及锌之间的相互作用

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中国畜牧杂志 2015年第24期51卷 60-62页

作者：张永刚 carrie walk Casey Bradley Peter Wilcock Ian Wellock Primary Diets 法国Animine公司上海200211

植酸酶、植酸以及锌在仔猪的肠道内会发生互作。过量添加新一代的植酸酶是为了降解植酸,但是药用剂量的氧化锌会降低植酸酶在提高动物生长性能方面的作用。一系列的仔猪试验结果都强调了要优化植酸酶、植酸与锌之间的关系来实现断奶仔... 详细信息

植酸酶、植酸以及锌在仔猪的肠道内会发生互作。过量添加新一代的植酸酶是为了降解植酸,但是药用剂量的氧化锌会降低植酸酶在提高动物生长性能方面的作用。一系列的仔猪试验结果都强调了要优化植酸酶、植酸与锌之间的关系来实现断奶仔猪的生长性能达到最优,另外还指出如何过量添加植酸酶将植酸几乎全部降解,同时使锌得到最大化利用,且不影响粪便成型分数。

关键词：动物生长性能试验结果最大化利用日增重饲料转化率螯合剂变异程度储存形式全脂米糠仔猪生长性能

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猪超剂量饲喂植酸酶——饲料性能改善上的一场革命

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2014年第4期34卷 10-11页

作者：傅强陈琳 Mike Bedford carrie walk

植酸是植物源性饲料中重要的抗营养成分,能促进内源性粘蛋白的分泌,结合矿物质,减少其可用性,降低氨基酸消化率,抑制内源性酶的活性。本文主要讨论如何通过超剂量(使用高剂量的植酸酶以确保几乎所有的植酸都被破坏)使用大肠杆菌植酸酶,... 详细信息

植酸是植物源性饲料中重要的抗营养成分,能促进内源性粘蛋白的分泌,结合矿物质,减少其可用性,降低氨基酸消化率,抑制内源性酶的活性。本文主要讨论如何通过超剂量(使用高剂量的植酸酶以确保几乎所有的植酸都被破坏)使用大肠杆菌植酸酶,以减少植酸相关的抗营养作用。1抗营养效应植酸能与锌、铜、铁和钙等矿物质螯合。

关键词：抗营养作用超剂量营养效应植物源性营养成分消化率酶降解肠道分泌物营养物质内源

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植酸酶、植酸和锌进行复杂反应

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2014年第12期34卷 1-3页

作者：陶莉罗静如 Ian Wellock Primary Diets carrie walk Casey Bradley Peter Wilock

人们已经对植酸酶、植酸和锌在仔猪肠道中进行的相互反应有了深入的理解。由于超剂量使用的新一代植酸酶可裂解植酸,因此日粮药理学水平的锌适当下降,仍可以让仔猪获得良好的生产性能。

关键词：复杂反应仔猪肠道超剂量使用仔猪生长性能肥育猪生长猪动物源性饲料转化率断奶后腹泻酸浓

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Effects of a Drums Alive®Intervention versus Hand-Foot Coordination Training on Motor, Cognitive and Motivational Parameters in Seniors

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Advances in Aging Research 2022年第3期11卷 51-77页

作者： carrie Ekins Peter R. Wright Guenter Schlee Dean Owens Drums Alive® UG Kutzenhausen Germany Department of Sport Health Sciences & Social Work Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK Department of Movement Science Chemnitz University of Technology Chemnitz Germany Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA

This study was conducted to compare the effects of two different interventions on the physiological, cognitive, and motivational parameters in seniors;and, how they would be accepted as alternative forms of exercise in the senior population. The facilitators recruited 26 randomly selected participants from two senior care facilities in Chemnitz, Germany who were required to complete two 45-minute exercise periods a week for 30 days. The first group completed the Drums Alive intervention which included a multi-dimensional approach using music, movement, drumming choreographies, games, and activities. The second intervention group completed a series of Hand-Foot Coordination exercises that used beat-keeping patterns on various parts of the body. Each intervention group had three divisions of participants, i.e. “healthy” to define those with no diagnosed malady, “dementia” for those with varying degrees of diagnosed dementia, and, “wheelchair” and those requiring a wheelchair for movement. The pre- and post-testing measurements consisted of age, heart rate, blood pressure, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), bar-drop test, chair-raise test, 6-minute walk test, memory, concentration, balance, reaction, coordination, and cognitive flexibility. In addition, to measure the level of motivation, i.e. fun, the participants used a tool that was developed by the Psychology Department of the Chemnitz University. The results demonstrated that both interventions were suitable alternates for senior-focused conventional sports offerings, however, the Drums Alive intervention outperformed the Hand-Foot Coordination intervention in a majority of the measured domains by an overall average of 9.45 percent. Of note, the data, vis a vis motivation, demonstrated a 38.4 percent increase for Drums Alive vice a 13.3 percent increase for Hand-Foot Coordination, suggesting the Drums Alive intervention offered more effective protocols that could inspire seniors to make this a part of an overall he

关键词： Motivation Cognition Physicality Quality of Life

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红水河漂浮栈道

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中学生英语 2022年第23期 22-23页

作者： carrie Tatro 陈佳武汉市光谷五小

Look at the Hongshui River walkway! It is the only place on Earth where people can go to float like a butterfly and walk on water at the same time.看看这红水河栈道！这是地球上唯一一个人们可以像蝴蝶一样漂浮，同时在水...

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