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Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya: Bacterial Etiologic Agents, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Associated Risk Factors

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第3期8卷 175-187页

作者： Hellen A. Onyango carolyne ngugi John Maina John Kiiru Department of Medical Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology College of Health Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre of Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) during pregnancy are among the most common infections worldwide and can lead to poor perinatal and maternal outcomes. This study determined the prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of associated bacterial pathogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Pumwani Maternity hospital. Their social-demographic profiles were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Cultures were done from midstream urine and antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined using the disc diffusion test. The overall prevalence of UTI was 15.7% regardless of the women’s age, parity and stage of gestation. Prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria was 4.3% and 11.4% respectively. Material of undergarment and frequency of changing the undergarments were found to contribute significantly to the acquisition of UTI (P < 0.05). E. coli was the most predominant UTI organism at (44.5%) followed by K. pneumoniae (21.2%) and S. aureus (15.1%). Almost a half (over 49%) of all Gram-negative organisms showed resistance prevalence against third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Cefoxitin, Nitrofurantoin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Gram-positive strains were susceptible to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Linezolid and Ofloxacin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in all study isolates was 96%. Our data suggest a serious resistance trend among UTI strains and more should be done to slow down this trend. Pregnant women should be screened by urine culture and treatment be guided by the antimicrobial susceptibility data.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy Risk Factors Antimicrobial Resistance ESBL MRSA MDR

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A new approach to learning and recognizing leaf diseases from individual lesions using convolutional neural networks

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第1期10卷 11-27页

作者： Lawrence C.ngugi Moataz Abdelwahab Mohammed Abo-Zahhad Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and TechnologyAlexandriaEgypt Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Assiut UniversityAssiutEgypt

Leaf disease recognition using image processing and deep learning techniques is currently a vibrant research *** studies have focused on recognizing diseases from images of whole *** approach limits the resulting models’ability to estimate leaf disease severity or identify multiple anomalies occurring on the same *** studies have demonstrated that classifying leaf diseases based on individual lesions greatly enhances disease recognition *** those studies,however,the lesions were laboriously cropped by *** study proposes a semi-automatic algorithm that facilitates the fast and efficient preparation of datasets of individual lesions and leaf image pixel maps to overcome this *** datasets were then used to train and test lesion classifier and semantic segmentation Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models,*** report that GoogLeNet’s disease recognition accuracy improved by more than 15%when diseases were recognized from lesion images compared to when disease recognition was done using images of whole leaves.A CNN model which performs semantic segmentation of both the leaf and lesions in one pass is also proposed in this *** proposed KijaniNet model achieved state-of-the-art segmentation performance in terms of mean Intersection over Union(mIoU)score of 0.8448 and 0.6257 for the leaf and lesion pixel classes,*** terms of mean boundary F1 score,the KijaniNet model attained 0.8241 and 0.7855 for the two pixel classes,***,a fully automatic algorithm for leaf disease recognition from individual lesions is *** algorithm employs the semantic segmentation network cascaded to a GoogLeNet classifier for lesion-wise disease *** proposed fully automatic algorithm outperforms competing methods in terms of its superior segmentation and classification performance despite being trained on a small dataset.

关键词： Deep learning Precision agriculture Leaf disease recognition Complex background removal Leaf image segmentation Lesion classification

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Growth rates of Eucalyptus and other Australian native tree species derived from seven decades of growth monitoring

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 811-826页

作者： Michael R.ngugi David Doley Mark Cant Daniel B.Botkin Ecological Sciences Queensland HerbariumDepartment of ScienceInformation Technology and InnovationQueensland Government Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation Sustainable Minerals InstituteThe University of Queensland Technical Services Pest ManagementDepartment of National ParksRecreationSport and RacingQueensland Government Department of Biology University of Miami

There is widespread interest in estimating and forecasting individual tree and forest growth rates for restoration and carbon sequestration objectives. Outside intensively managed forests, past attempts have been limited by the lack of accurate long-term monitoring in multi-age mixed native forests to provide estimates of both expected mean diameter increments and the statistical variation in those estimates. A dataset from Eucalyptus-dominated native forests in subtropical Queensland, Australia offers an opportunity to provide accurate estimates of tree and forest growth rates. Over 86,400 trees from 155 native species were identified and remeasured between 1936 and 2011 in 641 permanent sample plots across a 500-2000 mm mean annual rainfall gradient. Individual tree diameter at breast height （DBH） increments observed for all species ranged mainly from 0.01 to 0.5 cm yr-1 （94 % of values）, with consistentdifferences between rainfall zones （mean of 500- 2000 mm yr-1）, and varying differences between species （155） and stem diameter class （10-100 cm）. For some spe- cies, diameter increment increased progressively with rain- fall （e.g. Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus propinqua, and Lophostemon confertus）, but in others （e.g. Corymbia citriodora subsp, variegata, Corymbia intermedia, and Eucalyptus biturbinata） the greatest diameter increments were recorded between 1200 and 1600 mm yr-1. Where there were sufficient data, most species exhibited a quadratic relationship between DBH increment and DBH class, but two species （ Callitris glaucophylla and Eucalyptus crebra） native to the 500-800 mm annual rainfall zone showed lin- ear increases in DBH increment with increasing DBH. Continued monitoring of these plots would add to their already great value.

关键词： Diameter increments Ecological restoration Forest management Eucalypt forests Natural forests

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Recent advances in image processing techniques for automated leaf pest and disease recognition – A review

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第1期8卷 27-51页

作者： Lawrence C.ngugi Moataz Abelwahab Mohammed Abo-Zahhad Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Egypt-Japan University of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 179New Borg El-Arab CityPostal Code 21934AlexandriaEgypt Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Assiut UniversityP.O.Box 71515AssiutEgypt

Fast and accurate plant disease detection is critical to increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable ***,human experts have been relied upon to diagnose anomalies in plants caused by diseases,pests,nutritional deficiencies or extreme ***,this is expensive,time consuming and in some cases *** counter these challenges,research into the use of image processing techniques for plant disease recognition has become a hot research *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of recent studies carried out in the area of crop pest and disease recognition using image processing and machine learning *** hope that this work will be a valuable resource for researchers in this area of crop pest and disease recognition using image processing *** particular,we concentrate on the use of RGB images owing to the low cost and high availability of digital RGB *** report that recent efforts have focused on the use of deep learning instead of training shallow classifiers using handcrafted *** have reported high recognition accuracies on particular datasets but in many cases,the performance of those systems deteriorated significantly when tested on different datasets or in field ***,progress made so far has been *** results showing the leaf disease recognition performance of ten CNN architectures in terms of recognition accuracy,recall,precision,specificity,F1-score,training duration and storage requirements are also ***,recommendations are made on the most suitable architectures to deploy in conventional as well as mobile/embedded computing *** also discuss some of the unresolved challenges that need to be addressed in order to develop practical automatic plant disease recognition systems for use in field conditions.

关键词： Precision agriculture Machine learning Plant disease recognition Image processing Convolutional neural networks

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Estimating potential harvestable biomass for bioenergy from sustainably managed private native forests in Southeast Queensland, Australia

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 62-76页

作者： michael r.ngugi victor j.neldner sean ryan tom lewis jiaorong li phillip norman michelle mogilski department of environment and sciencequeensland herbariumMt Coot-tha RoadToowongQld 4066Australia private forestry service queensland 8 Fraser RdGympieQld 4570Australa department of agriculture and fisheries university of sunshine coastSippy DownsQld 4556Australia department of environment and science soil and land resources41 Boggo RoadDutton ParkQld 4102Australia university of queensland St LuciaQld 4072Australia

Background： Australia＇s energy future is at the crossroads and the role of renewable sources is in focus. Biomass from sustainably managed forests provide a significant opportunity for electricity and heat generation and production of liquid fuels. Australia has extensive native forests of which a significant proportion are on private land. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential capacity of this resource to contribute to the expansion of a biomass for bioenergy industry. In addition, there are concerns on how to reconcile biomass harvesting with environmental protection. Methods： We used regional ecosystem vegetation mapping for Queensland to stratify harvestable forests within the 1.8 m hectares of private native forests present in the Southeast Queensland bioregion in 2014. We used a dataset of 52,620 individual tree measurements from 541 forest inventory plots collected over the last 10 years. Tree biomass was estimated using current biomass allometric equations for Australia. Biomass potentially available from selective sawlog harvesting and silvicultural treatment across the bioregion was calculated and mapped. Results： Current sawlog harvesting extracts 41.4% of the standing tree biomass and a biomass for bioenergy harvest would retain on average 36% of felled tree biomass on site for the protection of environmental and fauna habitat values. The estimated area extent of harvestable private native forests in the bioregion in 2013 was 888,000 ha and estimated available biomass for bioenergy in living trees was 13.6 million tonnes （t）. The spotted gum （Corymbio citriodora subsp, variegata） forests were the most extensive, covering an area of 379,823 ha and with a biomass for bioenergy yield of 14.2 t-ha-1 （with approximately 11.2 ***-1 of the biomass harvested from silvicultural thinning and 3 ***-1 recovered from sawlog harvest residual）. Conclusions： Silvicultural treatment of private native forests in the Southeast Queensland bioregion, has the

关键词： Renewable energy Forest biomass Woody biomass Native forests Silvicultural management Biomassretention Biobased

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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Outpatient Pain Management in the Chronic Setting: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第5期14卷 137-144页

作者： Julie Chege ngugi Kinyungu ITAV Pain Management Medical School University of Nairobi New York USA ITAV Pain Management Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York USA

Background: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy and causalgia, is a neuropathic pain condition that usually develops after an injury to an extremity. CRPS can be a debilitating condition with high levels of pain and reduced function. Aim: This case report aims to discuss the multimodal approach in the management of a patient who presented with ongoing poorly controlled pain secondary to CRPS from an injury that happened years prior. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident where her right leg was injured. She underwent several surgeries and developed CRPS that significantly reduced her mobility and quality of life. She presented to the pain clinic years after her initial injury and a multimodal regimen was started for her resulting in significantly improved function. Conclusion: CRPS can be a severely debilitating condition. While early diagnosis and management are important, ongoing management in the outpatient chronic pain setting is important in maintaining a good level of function.

关键词： Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Multimodal Management Chronic Pain Sequelae

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Optimized Mn and Bi co-doping in SnTe based thermoelectric material:A case of band engineering and density of states tuning

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第26期85卷 76-86页

作者： Samuel Kimani Kihoi Joseph ngugi Kahiu Hyunji Kim U.Sandhya Shenoy D.Krishna Bhat Seonghoon Yi Ho Seong Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and TechnologySrinivas UniversityMukka574146 MangaloreKarnatakaIndia Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalSrinivasnagar575025 MangaloreKarnatakaIndia

Tin telluride(SnTe)overwhelmingly continues to be studied owing to its promising thermoelectric properties,tunable electronic structure,and its potential as an alternate to toxic lead telluride(PbTe)based *** this research,we engineer the electronic properties of SnTe by co-doping Mn and Bi below their individual solubility *** First principles density functio nal theory studies reveal that both Bi and Mn introduce resonance states,thereby increasing the density of states near the Fermi level leading to enhanced Seebeck *** unique combination of using two resonant dopants to introduce flatter bands is effective in achieving higher performance at lower tempe ratures manifesting into a large Seebeck value of~91μV/K at room temperature in the present *** elements optimally co-doped results in a very high power factor value of~24.3μW/cmK^(2) at 773 K when compared to other high performance SnTe based materials.A zT of~0.93 at 773 K is achieved by tuning the proportion of the co-dopants Mn and Bi in *** hardness value of pristine SnTe was also seen to increase after *** a result,synergistic optimized doping proves to be a suitable means for obtaining thermoelectric materials of superior characteristics without the need for heavy doping.

关键词： SnTe Thermoelectric Electronic structure engineering Solubility Thermal conductivity

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2019年第3期9卷 90-113页

作者： Charity ngugi Gikunda Lucy Gitonga Chuka University Kenya Chuka

Antihypertensive medication is one way to manage hypertension but many hypertensive patients do not optimize drug therapy to achieve blood pressure control. Hypertensive medication non-adherence continues to become a contributing factor to hypertensive complications like heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, kidney disease. Prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment is not known but it’s thought to be increasing. Associated factors of non-adherence are complex, are both internal and external to the patient but are difficult to extrapolate. This can partly be because the determinants of non-adherence to hypertensive may have a locality effect due to many factors such as culture and health system in a given locality. Hence, studies from one region may not have a cross-application. Therefore, there is the need to study the factors associated with non-adherence at a local scale. Descriptive study design was adopted to guide the implementation of the study. The population comprised of 575 people among doctors, pharmacists, nurses, record officers and hypertension patients. The respondents were identified through simple random sampling and a sample size of 81 patients was achieved and 10 health care providers including doctors, pharmacists, record officers and nurses were also interviewed through census method. Data was collected between the month of April and May 2019. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools for the patients while the interview schedule was conducted to health care providers through an interview guide. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, aided by SPSS. The study revealed a significant negative correlation (rpb = −0.227, p 0.05) between age and non-adherent, insignificant relationship with marital status (rpb = −0.129), insignificant (rpb = −0.064) correlation with patients’ level of education and a positive correlation with monthly income (rpb = 0.24). A majority of patients state

关键词： Hypertension Nonadherence Medication Inhibiting Factors High Blood Pressure Patients’ Characteristics

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Chronic Pain Management after Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection (NSTI): A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第9期13卷 382-390页

作者： Kinyungu Njoroge Vivian Matubia ngugi Kinyungu School of Medicine and Surgery Kenya Methodist University Meru Kenya Basset Medical Center NY St Georges University School of Medicine True Blue Grenada ITAV Pain Management Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell New York USA

Background: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are potentially life threatening medical emergencies associated with devastating and rapidly spreading destruction of soft tissues. Atypical presentations and delayed early diagnosis can be significant challenges in managing NSTIs. The infectious process can start at any part of the body with rapid progression leading to limb amputation and high mortality rate. We present a case of a patient with NSTI, the sequelae and management of the chronic pain that developed. Aim: This case report looks to shed light on the importance of a plan for management of subacute and chronic pain in treating patients who present with Necrotizing soft tissue infection. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female who presented with septicemia and was subsequently admitted and treated for NSTI in 2014 resulting in amputation of her distal foot, toe digits, and now with ongoing chronic wound of the lower extremities along with chronic pain. Conclusion: Chronic pain as part of the sequelae of Necrotizing soft tissue infections needs to be anticipated by the health care management team in order to optimize patient care post operatively.

关键词： Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections (NSTIs) Chronic Pain Sequelae

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Prevalence of Bacteremia among the HIV and Non HIV Infected Patients Visiting Alupe Sub Hospital, Alupe Division of Teso South Sub-County, Busia County, Kenya between 2017 and 2019

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2021年第3期11卷 249-266页

作者： Anne N. Mutsami Caroline ngugi John Kiiru Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya Department of Microbiology Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Background: Bacteremia is the presence of viable bacteria in circulating blood. This is common in HIV patients, leading to a significant public health problem worldwide. It is concomitant with upraising cases of antibiotic resistance that results in high morbidity rates leading to increased hospital visits and high mortality rates. Gram-negative bacteria which produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) are becoming more common and pathogenic in this group of people. Genes responsible for resistance are well-known to spread among various microorganisms. By employing a case-control study design, this study determined prevalence of bacteremia in Salmonella ssp, Klebsiella ssp, and Escherichia coli in HIV positive and HIV negative patients attending Alupe subcounty hospital. Methods: A total of 113 HIV positive and 133 HIV negative patients were sampled purposively grounded on Lameshow sample size determination formula. Consent was sought from the study participants followed by questionnaire administration. Blood (10 ml) was collected from each enrolled patient and later subjected to full haemogram (1 ml), Salmonella Antigen test (1 ml) and general bacterial isolation (8 ml). Results: HIV positive pati

关键词： Prevalence Salmonella ssp Klebsiella ssp Escherichia coli Isolates

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