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Effect of alcohol consumption on liver stiffness measured by transient elastography

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 516-522页

作者： Edouard Bardou-Jacquet Ludivine Legros Draman Soro marianne Latournerie Anne Guillygomarc'h caroline Le Lan Pierre Brissot Dominique Guyader Romain moirand Hepatology and Addictology Department University Hospital PontchaillouF35000 RennesFrance Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche médicale U991 Institut Fédératif de Recherche 140University of Rennes 1F35000 RennesFrance

AIm:To determine the evolution of transient elastography(TE) in patients with alcoholic liver disease according to alcohol cessation or ***:We retrospectively selected in our local database all patients who had two TE between June 2005 and November 2010 with chronic alcohol excessive consumption and excluded those with associated cause of liver *** was performed at least one week apart by senior *** examinations with less than ten successful measures or with an interquartile range above 30% were *** retrospectively reviewed file of all patients to include only patient followed up by trained addictologist and for which definite information on alcohol consumption was *** biological parameters [aspartate amino transferase(AST),alanine amino transferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)] within 4 wk of initial and final TE were *** fibrosis score according to initial and final TE were determined with available cut-off for alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis *** and final putative fibrosis score were compared according to alcohol consumption during ***:During the study period 572 patients had TE examination for alcoholic liver disease and 79 of them had at least two ***-seven patients met our criteria with a median follow-up of 32.5 *** the end of the study,13(35%) were abstinent,and 24(65%) *** patients had liver biopsy during *** decreased significantly during follow-up in 85% of abstinent patients [median(range):-4.9(-6.1,-1.9)],leading to a modification of the putative fibrosis stage in 28%-71% of patient according to different cut-off *** relapsers TE increased in 45% and decreased in 54% of *** was no statistical difference between initial and final TE in *** the overall population,using 22.6 kPa as cut-off for cirrhosis,4 patients had cirrhosis at initial TE and 3 patients had cirrhosis at final ***

关键词： Alcohol Transient elastography Cirrhosis Fibrosis Liver biopsy Liver stiffness

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Increased virulence of the oral microbiome in oral squamous cell carcinoma revealed by metatranscriptome analyses

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第4期10卷 263-272页

作者： Susan Yost Philip Stashenko Yoonhee Choi maria Kukuruzinska caroline A.Genco Andrew Salama Ellen O.Weinberg Carolyn D.Kramer Jorge Frias-Lopez Forsyth Institute 245 First StreetCambridgeMA 02142USA Boston University Henry m.Goldman School of Dental medicine 100 East Newton StreetBostonMA 02118USA Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology Tufts University School of Medicine136 Harrison AvenueBostonMA 02111USA Department of Oral Biology College of DentistryUniversity of Florida1395 Center DriveGainesvilleFL 32610-0424USA

Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) is the most prevalent and most commonly studied oral cancer. However, there is a void regarding the role that the oral microbiome may play in OSCC. Although the relationship between microbial community composition and OSCC has been thoroughly investigated, microbial profiles of the human microbiome in cancer are understudied. Here we performed a small pilot study of community-wide metatranscriptome analysis to profile mRNA expression in the entire oral microbiome in OSCC to reveal molecular functions associated with this disease. Fusobacteria showed a statistically significantly higher number of transcripts at tumour sites and tumour-adjacent sites of cancer patients compared to the healthy controls analysed. Regardless of the community composition, specific metabolic signatures were consistently found in disease. Activities such as iron ion transport, tryptophanase activity, peptidase activities and superoxide dismutase were over-represented in tumour and tumour-adjacent samples when compared to the healthy controls. The expression of putative virulence factors in the oral communities associated with OSCC showed that activities related to capsule biosynthesis, flagellum synthesis and assembly, chemotaxis, iron transport, haemolysins and adhesins were upregulated at tumour sites. moreover, activities associated with protection against reactive nitrogen intermediates, chemotaxis, flagellar and capsule biosynthesis were also upregulated in non-tumour sites of cancer patients. Although they are preliminary, our results further suggest that Fusobacteria may be the leading phylogenetic group responsible for the increase in expression of virulence factors in the oral microbiome of OSCC patients.

关键词： profiles analyses

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Predictors of double balloon endoscopy outcomes in the evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014年第6期6卷 248-253页

作者： Hisham Hussan Nicholas R Crews caroline m Geremakis Soubhi Bahna Jennifer L LaBundy Christine Hachem Section of Intestinal Neoplasia and Hereditary Polyposis(INHP) Department of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Saint Louis University School of Medicine School of medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine Center for Outcomes Research Saint Louis University Department of Internal medicine Saint Louis University School of Medicine

AIm:To identify patients' characteristics associated with double balloon endoscopy(DBE)outcomes in investigation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB).mETHODS:Retrospective study performed at an academic tertiary referral *** endpoints were clinical factors associated with no diagnostic yield or non-therapeutic intervention of DBE performed for OGIB ***:We included fifty-five DBE between August 2010 and April *** mean age of the sample was 67 with 32 males(58.2%).Twenty-four DBE had no diagnostic yield and 30 DBE did not require ***-diagnostic yield was associated with performing two or more DBE studies in one day [odds ratio(OR):13.72,P=0.008],absence of blood transfusions within a year of the DBE(OR:7.16,P=0.03)and absence of ulcers or arteriovenous malformations(AVms)on prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)or colonoscopy(OR:19.30,P=0.033).Non-therapeutic DBE was associated with performing two or more DBE per day(OR:18.579,P=0.007),gastrointestinal bleeding episode within a week of the DBE(OR:11.48,P=0.003),fewer blood transfusion requirements prior to DBE(OR:4.55,P=0.036)and absence of ulcers or AVms on prior EGD or colonoscopy(OR:8.47,P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Predictors of DBE yield and therapeutic intervention on DBE include blood transfusion requirements,previous endoscopic findings and possibly endoscopist fatigue.

关键词： Double balloon endoscopy Enteroscopy Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding Small bowel Anemia Arteriovenous malformations Arteriovenous malformations

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SCm-36分子筛纳米片用于乙烯和2,5-二甲基呋喃转化制可再生对二甲苯

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2023年第4期47卷 200-213页

作者：马多征李相呈刘闯 caroline Versluis 叶迎春王振东 Eelco T.C.Vogt Bert m.Weckhuysen 杨为民华东理工大学化工学院上海200237 中国石化上海石油化工研究院绿色化工与工业催化国家重点实验室上海201208 乌得勒支大学德拜纳米材料科学研究所可持续与循环化学研究所无机化学与催化组荷兰乌得勒支

分子筛是一类重要的结晶多孔材料,广泛应用于化学工业.开发新型分子筛特别是硅铝酸盐分子筛,一直是该领域的研究热点.分子筛的晶化过程一般需要结构导向剂的参与,包括碱(土)金属离子为代表的无机阳离子,有机胺或季铵盐为代表的有机物以... 详细信息

分子筛是一类重要的结晶多孔材料,广泛应用于化学工业.开发新型分子筛特别是硅铝酸盐分子筛,一直是该领域的研究热点.分子筛的晶化过程一般需要结构导向剂的参与,包括碱(土)金属离子为代表的无机阳离子,有机胺或季铵盐为代表的有机物以及分子筛晶种.采用两种及以上结构导向剂的分子筛合成策略,具有调节分子筛骨架原子、晶体形貌和化学组成的作用,是开发新分子筛的有效手段.对二甲苯(PX)是合成对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的重要原料.PX主要来源于石油资源,开发基于生物质原料生产PX的技术有利于缓解日益严峻的环境和能源危机.本文采用两种有机结构导向剂,以四甲基氢氧化铵(TmAOH)为有机结构导向剂,同时向体系中加入十六烷基溴化吡啶(C_(16)Py Br)或正辛基三甲基氯化铵(OTmAC),合成了一种新型铝硅酸盐分子筛,命名为SCm-36(Sinopec Composite material No.36).SCm-36分子筛具有独特的X射线粉末衍射谱图(XRD)和纳米片状形貌.原位XRD结果表明,SCm-36分子筛在焙烧过程中由于晶胞收缩而导致衍射峰的偏移.扫描电子显微镜(SEm)、原子力显微镜以及共聚焦荧光成像显微镜表征结果表明,分子筛为纳米片形貌,厚度为6.9-14.9 nm.N_(2)和Ar物理吸附-脱附结果表明,SCm-36分子筛的BET表面积为355 m^(2)/g,其具有0.59 nm和0.67 nm左右孔尺寸的微孔孔道.两种有机结构导向剂都进入了分子筛孔道,在焙烧时于不同的温度区间发生分解.原位CO傅里叶变换红外光谱结果表明,SCm-36的Brönsted酸强度(△υ(CO…OH)=313 cm^(-1))与ZSm-5相当.采用原位紫外可见光吸收光谱监测4-甲氧基苯乙烯和4-氟苯乙烯的低聚探针反应过程,证实了SCm-36分子筛同时具有强酸和弱酸,且以弱酸为主的酸性质.在催化DmF和乙烯制备PX的反应中,SCm-36分子筛不仅表现出与传统分子筛(ZSm-5,Beta)相当的高转化率,而且表现出更高的PX选择性(93%).其较好的催化性能归因于该分子筛良好的扩散性能和适宜的酸性质.且SCm-36分子筛的稳定性较好,可重复使用.综上,利用双有机结构导向剂合成分子筛是开发新分子筛的有效策略,采用该策略合成的SCm-36纳米片分子筛具有潜在的应用价值.

关键词：分子筛硅铝酸盐 SCm-36 原位光谱对二甲苯生物质

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Evaluation of Life Quality and Dyspnea Intensity on Chronic Airway Diseases Patients in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2016年第1期4卷 10-15页

作者： Kathleen Julia Silva Giseli Domingues Cordeiro caroline Rossinoli maurício Longo Galhardo márcia maria Faganello Academic of Department of Physiotherapy Unisalesino Lins Brazil Department of Physiotherapy Hospital Unimed Lins Brazil Department of Pneumonology Unimed Lins Brazil Department of Physiotherapy UNESP Marilia Brazil

The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are chronic airway diseases that cause considerable physical, emotional and social restrictions. The life quality of patients who suffer from these diseases, is more affected by dyspnea then by other symptoms. That way is possible to correlate the impact of dyspnea on their life quality. The Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP) helps to improve the physical fitness and quality of life. This paper presents a study of the life quality and the dyspnea intensity in chronic lung disease patients. The research has participation of fourteen patients, distributed as seven suffering from COPD and the other seven suffering from asthma, for both gender and with an age average of 74.2 ± 8.9. The patients answer the following questionnaires: Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI), medical Research Council (mRC) Dyspnea Scale, Airways Questionnaire 20 (AQ20) and the Brazilian version of the Short-Form (SF-36) life quality questionnaire. From the present study, it was concluded that asthma patients have a less impaired life quality, since the dyspnea intensity is lesser, compared to the one with COPD.

关键词： Life Quality Dyspnea Intensity Chronic Lung Disease

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medication beliefs predict medication adherence in ambulatory patients with decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7321-7331页

作者： Kelly L Hayward Patricia C Valery Jennifer H martin Antara Karmakar Preya J Patel Leigh U Horsfall caroline J Tallis Katherine A Stuart Penny L Wright David D Smith Katharine m Irvine Elizabeth E Powell W Neil Cottrell Pharmacy Department Princess Al-exandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Cancer and Chronic Disease Research Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Statistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland

AIm To investigate the impact of medication beliefs, illness perceptions and quality of life on medication adherence in people with decompensated *** One hundred adults with decompensated cirrhosis completed a structured questionnaire when they attended for routine outpatient hepatology review. measures of self-reported medication adherence(morisky medication Adherence Scale), beliefs surrounding medications(Beliefs about medicines Questionnaire), perceptions of illness and medicines(Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), and quality of life(Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire) were examined. Clinical data were obtained via patient history and review of medical records. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and stepwise backwards regression techniques were used to construct the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at alpha = *** medication adherence was " High " in 42 % o f participants, "medium" in 37%, and "Low" in 21%. Compared to patients with "High" adherence, those with "medium" or "Low" adherence were more likely to report difficulty affording their medications(P ment helpfulness(P = 0.003) and stronger medication concerns relative to medication necessity beliefs(P = 0.003). People with "Low" adherence also experienced greater symptom burden and poorer quality of life, including more frequent abdominal pain(P = 0.023), shortness of breath(P = 0.030), and emotional disturbances(P = 0.050). multivariable analysis identified having stronger medication concerns relative to necessity beliefs(Necessity-Concerns Differential ≤ 5, OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.18-11.40) and more frequent shortness of breath(shortness of breath score ≤ 3, OR = 3.87,95%CI: 1.22-12.25) as independent predictors of "Low"*** The association between "Low" adherence and patients having strong concerns or doubting the necessity or helpfulness of their medications should be explor

关键词： medication adherence medication beliefs Illness perceptions Quality of life Liver cirrhosis

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Giant hepatic extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor treated with cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant systemic therapy:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第3期13卷 315-322页

作者： michel Ribeiro Fernandes caroline Lorenzoni Almeida Ghezzi Tomaz J m Grezzana-Filho Flávia Heinz Feier Ian Leipnitz Aljamir Duarte Chedid Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski marcio Fernandes Chedid Cléber RositoPinto Kruel Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Transplantation Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007RSBrazil Division of Radiology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-903RSBrazil Department of Pathology Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007RSBrazil

BACKGROUND Primary extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors(E-GIST)of the liver are *** clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic to bleeding or manifestations of mass *** surgery followed by adjuvant therapy with imatinib is the standard of ***,under specific circumstances,a cytoreductive approach may represent a therapeutic *** describe herein the case of an 84-year-old woman who presented with a tender,protruding epigastric *** computed tomography scan revealed a large,heterogeneous mass located across segments III,IV,V,and VIII of the *** initial approach was transarterial embolization of the tumor,which elicited no appreciable *** the large size and central location of the tumor and the advanced age of the patient,non-anatomic complete resection was *** to substantial intraoperative bleeding and hemodynamic instability,only a near-complete resection could be *** and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis of primary E-GIST of the *** the risk/benefit ratio for therapeutic options,debulking surgery may represent a strategy to control pain and prolong *** SUmmARY Here,we present a case report of a patient diagnosed with E-GIST primary of the liver,which was indicated a cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant therapy with *** E-GIST primary of the liver is a rare conditional,the treatment is with systemic therapy and total resection ***,a cytoreductive surgery will be necessary when a complete resection is no possible.

关键词： Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the liver Cytoreductive surgery Debulking surgery Case report

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How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 537-547页

作者： Jacqueline Josee van Ierssel Olivia Galea Kirsten Holte caroline Luszawski Elizabeth Jenkins Jennifer O’Neil Carolyn A Emery Rebekah mannix Kathryn Schneider Keith Owen Yeates Roger Zemek Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada The Centre for Health Activity and Rehabilitation ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of KinesiologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4N1Canada Department of Psychology University of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada g Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada School of Rehabilitation Sciences University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada Bruyere Research Institute OttawaON K1N 5C8Canada Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency medicine University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8M5Canada

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We searched mEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to may *** reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)*** information was sought my study authors where reporting was *** of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 *** examining non-pharmacological interventions following ***:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck *** scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified *** completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but p

关键词： Concussion Intervention Randomized controlled trial Systematic review

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Association between genome-wide epigenetic and genetic alterations in breast cancer tissue and response to HER2-targeted therapies in HER2- positive breast cancer patients: new findings and a systematic review

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 995-1015页

作者： Daniela Furrer Dzevka Dragic Sue-Ling Chang Frédéric Fournier Arnaud Droit Simon Jacob caroline Diorio Centre de Recherche sur le cancer de l’UniversitéLaval 1050 Avenue de la MédecineQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Axe Oncologie Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-UniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1S 4L8Canada Département de médecine sociale et préventive Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada UniversitéParis-Saclay UVSQInsermCESP U1018Exposome and Heredity TeamGustave RoussyVillejuif 94807France Département de médecine moléculaire Facultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Département de biologie moléculaire de biochimie médicale et de pathologieFacultéde MédecineUniversitéLavalQuébecQC G1V 0A6Canada Centre des maladies du Sein Hôpital du Saint-SacrementQuébecQC G1S 4L8Canada

Recent evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms might be associated with acquired resistance to cancer *** aim of this study was to assess the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations with the response to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer *** was screened for articles published until march 2021 on observational studies investigating the association of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations,measured in breast cancer tissues or blood,with the response to targeted treatment in HER2-positive breast cancer *** studies were included in the review along with ours,in which we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in breast tumor tissues of patients who acquired resistance to treatment (case group, n = 6) to that of patients who did not develop resistance (control group, n =6). Among genes identified as differentially methylated between the breast cancer tissue of cases and controls, oneof them, PRKACA, was also reported as differentially expressed in two studies included in the review. Althoughincluded studies were heterogeneous in terms of methodology and study population, our review suggests thatgenes of the PI3K pathway may play an important role in developing resistance to anti-HER2 agents in breastcancer patients. Genome-wide genetic and epigenetic alterations measured in breast cancer tissue or blood mightbe promising markers of resistance to anti-HER2 agents in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Further studiesare needed to confirm these data.

关键词： Breast neoplasms epigenetics genetics HER2 inhibitors treatment response biomarkers

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Graphene quantum dots: From efficient preparation to safe renal excretion

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Nano Research 2021年第3期14卷 674-683页

作者： caroline Hadad Josémiguel González-Domínguez Silvia Armelloni Deborah mattinzoli masami Ikehata Akcan Istif Adrian Ostric Francesco Cellesi Carlo maria Alfieri Piergiorgio messa Belén Ballesteros Tatiana Da Ros Centre of Excellence for Nanostructured materials(CENmAT) INSTMDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of TriesteVia L.Giorgieri 134127TriesteItaly Laboratoire LG2A-CNRS UmR 7378 Universitéde Picardie Jules Verne33 rue Saint Leu-UFR des Sciences80039AmiensFrance Instituto de Carboquímica(CSIC) C/Miguel Luesma Castán 4E-50018ZaragozaSpain Renal Research Laboratory-Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale maggiore Policlinico via Pace 920122MilanItaly Dipartimento di Chimica Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica“G.Natta”Politecnico di MilanoVia Mancinelli 720131MilanItaly Unit of Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplant Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinicovia della commenda 420122MilanItaly Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan20122MilanItaly Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology(ICN2) CSIC and the Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCampus UABBellaterra08193BarcelonaSpain

Carbon nanomaterials offer excellent prospects as therapeutic agents,and among them,graphene quantum dots(GQDs)have gained considerable interest thanks to their aqueous solubility and intrinsic fluorescence,which enable their possible use in theranostic approaches,if their biocompatibility and favorable pharmacokinetic are *** prepared ultra-small GQDs using an alternative,reproducible,top-down synthesis starting from graphene oxide with a nearly 100%*** materials were tested to assess their safety,demonstrating good biocompatibility and ability in passing the ultrafiltration barrier using an in vitro *** leads to renal excretion without affecting the ***,we studied the GQDs in vivo biodistribution confirming their efficient renal clearance,and we demonstrated that the internalization mechanism into podocytes is ***,considering the reported characteristics,it appears possible to vehiculate compounds to kidneys by means of GQDs,overcoming problems related to lysosomal degradation.

关键词： graphene quantum dots podocytes biodistribution uptake pathway renal clearance nanocarrier

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