检索结果-南通市图书馆

Modelling the impacts of structural conservation measures on sediment and water yield in Thika-Chania catchment, Kenya

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 165-174页

作者： John Ng'ang'a Gathagu Joseph KSang caroline WMaina Water Engineering Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy SciencesTlemcenAlgeria Department of Soil Water and Environmental EngineeringJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityKenya

Recently, there has been a growing need to implement soil and water conservation measures in order to control sediment and water yield from agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to use a modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of structural conservation measures on water and sediment yield from Thika Chania catchment in Central Kenya. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for stream flow and sediment yield at a gauging station in the catchment. The calibrated model was run to create a base scenario for the simulation of structural conservation methods, i.e. terraces and grassed waterways. Model simulation results indicated that terraces and grassed waterways would significantly impact water and sediment yield at the catchment outlet. Terraces were found to provide the greatest reduction in sediment yield, by 81% from the baseline scenario, while grassed waterways reduced se-diment yield by 54%. Terraces indicated a reduction in surface runoff by 30% from the base annual average value of 202 mm. This was attributed to the increased infiltration that was indicated by increase in base flow by 8%. However, grassed waterways did not indicate any significant reduction in water yield. The results of this study show that structural conservation measures could reduce sediment yield from cultivated areas by more than 50% at the sub catchment level. Results also indicated that the effective-ness of structural conservation measures can be increased by implementing more than one method. Structural conservation measures studied in the current study were found to have a positive impact in controlling water and sediment yield in the catchment. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing them at a small scale.

关键词： Terraces Grassed waterways SWAT Conservation measures Sediment yield

Nuisance species:beyond the ecological perspective

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 236-247页

作者： Zina Skandrani Sebastien Lepetz Anne-caroline Prevot-Julliard Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation CESCO UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMCMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance Laboratoire d’Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique UMR 7209 CNRS-MNHNMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance

Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity *** increasing evidence that exotic species do not always become invasive,this perception is still common in the scientific *** suggests that other issues are at stake in the concept of nuisance species rather than just the problems they raise,grounded mostly in ecological or economic ***:We retraced the evolution of pigeon representation in France through an extensive review of ancient texts related to pigeons and reviewed more than 240 source texts,dating from the seventh century to the *** completed these data with literature on human-animal relationships and animal conceptions in religious,philosophical,scientific,and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and,specifically,French ***:We used the heated debate over pigeons(Columba livia)as pests as a case study by analyzing the ecological,social,economic,and political relations regarding *** a historical perspective of the debate about and understanding of pigeons,we propose a new and complementary explanation for the modern thinking of pigeons as a nuisance species,based on what we termed their socio-nature *** particular,we used social representations theory to highlight the issues of human identity construction at stake in the construction of pigeons as a nuisance ***:We invite the reader to consider the impact of such human self-definition on environmental stances,as it could constrain further developments or improvements of conservation perspectives.

关键词： Conservation Human-animal relations Identity construction ‘Nuisance species’ Social representations Socio-natures

Microbiome changes:an indicator of Parkinson’s disease?

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 483-491页

作者： caroline Haikal Qian-Qian Chen Jia-Yi Li Neural Plasticity and Repair Unit Wallenberg Neuroscience CenterDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceBMC A1022184 LundSweden Institute of Neuroscience College of Life and Health SciencesNortheastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina Institute of Health Sciences China Medical UniversityShenyang 110112China

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and intracellular inclusions composed mainly of alpha synuclein(α-syn),but the mechanism of pathogenesis is still *** recent years,more attention has been given to the gut as a key player in the initiation and progression of PD *** studies characterizing changes in the microbiome,particularly the gut microbiome,have been *** many studies found a decrease in the bacterial family Prevotellaceae and in butyrate-producing bacterial genera such as Roseburia and Faecalibacteria,and an increase in the genera Akkermansia many of the studies reported contradictory *** this review,we highlight the findings from the different studies and reflect on the future of microbiome studies in PD research.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Intestinal microbiota Inflammation Gut Protein aggregation

HLA and lung transplantation

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第3期13卷 298-313页

作者： Liya Ju caroline Suberbielle Xiaofan Li Nuala Mooney Dominique Charron HLA et Medecine "Jean Daus set" Laboratory NetworkHopital Saint-LouisParisFrance Laboratoire Histocompatibilité Hopital Saint-LouisParisFrance INSERM U1160 Hopital Saint-LouisUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CitéFrance Labex Transplantex StrasbourgFrance Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025China

Lung transplantation is increasingly practiced for patients with end-stage lung *** successful outcome of solid organ transplantation today is severely impeded by the production of alloantibodies,mainly directed against the protein products of the HLA complex of the organ *** the association between antibody mediated rejection and ailograft damage has been well established in renal and heart transplantation,it has not yet been well characterized in lung *** review addresses the question of HLA matching in lung transplantation and current knowledge of the allogenicity of different HLA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ *** role of the antibody mediated immune response is discussed as well as the importance of pre-transplant or de novo posttransplant circulating ***,potential mechanisms,which may act individually or in combination,of antibody mediated damage to solid organ transplants are considered.

关键词： human leukocyte antigen class I and II lung transplantation mismatch obliterans bronchiolitis alloantibody antibody mediated rejection

Like or dislike:Response of rodents to the odor of plant secondary metabolites

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2017年第5期12卷 428-436页

作者： Sabine C.HANSEN caroline STOLTER Christian IMHOLT Jens JACOB Julius-Kühn Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany University Hamburg Biocenter Grindel and Zoological MuseumHamburgGermany

Rodents,including common voles(Microtus arvalis)and house mice(Mus musculus)cause immense pre-harvest and post-harvest ***,developing methods that mitigate these losses while maintaining their role in ecosystems is a *** plant secondary metabolites(PSM)which significantly reduce food intake of both species under laboratory conditions have been ***,before these can be used in rodent pest management,they must be tested under more natural conditions where other food sources are *** this study,the odors of 4 PSMs were evaluated for their repellent effects in experiments conducted in semi-natural *** treated with PSMs or untreated soil(experimental control)was placed in an underground box containing food(rolled oats).We quantified the number of visits to each box and could demonstrate that all 4 PSMs reduced the number of visits to treatment boxes in both rodent *** common voles the combination of methyl nonyl ketone+black pepper oil was the most repellent *** mice made fewer visits to all PSM boxes;boxes with the anthraquinone were visited ***,house mice consumed less food from boxes containing soil treated with all 4 *** results suggest that PSMs are repellent in murid and microtine rodents under semi-field *** addition,the future use of PSM odors for repelling both pest species,especially house mice,seems *** investigations with other PSMs,different concentrations as well as alternative application methods are needed to repel common voles from attractive crops.

关键词： enclosure trials odor plant secondary metabolites repellents rodents

Novel heart valve leaflet designs with stiff polymeric materials and biomimetic kinematics

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第6期7卷 1018-1034页

作者： caroline C.Smid Georgios A.Pappas Nikola Cesarovic Volkmar Falk Paolo Ermanni Laboratory of Composite Materials and Adaptive Structures ETH ZürichLeonhardstrasse 218092 ZürichSwitzerland Translational Cardiovascular Technologies ETH ZürichLeopold-Ruzicka-Weg 48093 ZürichSwitzerland Department for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Deutsches Herzzentrum der CharitéCharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinAugustenburger Pl.113353 BerlinGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site BerlinAugustenburger Pl.113353 BerlinGermany

Despite continuous efforts to improve the robustness of cardiac valve implants,neither bioprosthetic nor mechanical valves fulfill both hemodynamic and durability *** study discussed novel flexible leaflet designs,focusing on polymeric materials with proven hemocompatibility,such as polyether ether ketone,of much higher stiffness than native tissue,aiming at optimal valve implants.A biomimetic valve with a single-curvature belly-curve(B-C)was used as a reference for new design variants with a double-curvature B-C with varying ***(13.2 MPa)and stiff(2.4 GPa)leaflet materials and different thicknesses were studied using lean simulations and in vitro experiments under physiologic hemodynamic *** performance was assessed using opening pressure(OP)and orifice area(OA).The latter was determined by a newly developed automatized image processing *** trends are in agreement with simulations and demonstrated that a buckling-inspired double-curvature leaflet design significantly enhances the trileaflet valve opening behavior,which is particularly advantageous for stiffer leaflet *** to the reference,the best-performing variant showed an OP improvement of 47%and 44%based on simulations and experiments,*** contrast,the achieved mean pressure differential was directly comparable to state-of-the-art bioprosthetic *** OA was slightly reduced for new variants but still in the satisfying range.

关键词： Fully polymeric heart valve Parametric leaflet design Finite element analysis Leaflet kinematics In vitro testing

Effect of natural organic matter on thallium and silver speciation

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 185-192页

作者： Loïc A.Martin caroline Simonucci Sétareh Rad Marc F.Benedetti Universitéde Paris Institut de physique du globe de ParisCNRSF-75005 ParisFrance IRSN PSE-ENV/SIRSE/LER-NordBP 1792262 Fontenay-aux-Roses CedexFrance Catchment and Eco-Hydrology Research Group Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyL-4422 BelvauxLuxembourg BRGM Unitéde Géomicrobiologie et Monitoring Environnemental45060 Orléans Cedex 2France

Natural organic matter(NOM)is known to play an important role in the transport and binding of trace metal elements in aquatic and soil *** is a pollutant for which the extent of the role played by NOM is poorly ***,this study investigates thallium(Ⅰ)and its complexation to a purified humic substance as proxy for *** were performed with the Donnan Membrane Technique to separate,for the first time,the free Tl^+ion from its complexed form in the bulk *** pH and concentrations were investigated at constant ionic strength and constant NOM proxy concentrations in *** results were described with NICA-Donnan *** complexation was compared to silver complexation using literature data and using the same NICA-Donnan *** for these two cations(Tl^+and Ag^+)are reported in this article,for the first *** display low thallium complexation to the NOM proxy while silver competes with divalent cations for the NOM binding *** speciation for dissolved thallium highlights the dominance of free thallium(Tl^+)in solution whereas Tl-NOM complexes contribute roughly 15%to total Tl(Ⅰ)species in river and lake type *** results are obtained for soil solutions,Tl-bound to NOM<30%of total,from UK soils with different land use and geochemistry.

关键词： Thallium Organic matter Speciation NICA-Donnan model Soil Water

The dimensions of difference

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The dimensions of difference

Time-consistent pension policy with minimum guarantee and sustainability constraint

作者： Godart caroline

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2024年第1期9卷 35-64页

作者： caroline Hillairet Sarah Kaakar Mohamed Mrad CREST UMR CNRS 9194ENSAEInstitut Polytechnique de ParisFrance LMM Institut du Risque et de I'AssuranceLe Mans UniversiteFrance LAGA UMR CNRS 7539Universite Sorbonne Paris NordFrance

This paper proposes and investigates an optimal pair investment/pension policy for a pay-as-you-go(PAYG)pension *** social planner can invest in a buffer fund in order to guarantee a minimal pension *** model aims at taking into account complex dynamic phenomena such as the demographic risk and its evolution over time,the time and age dependence of agents preferences,and financial *** preference criterion of the social planner is modeled by a consistent dynamic utility defined on a stochastic domain,which incorporates the heterogeneity of overlapping generations and its evolution over *** preference criterion and the optimization problem also incorporate sustainability,adequacy and fairness *** paper designs and solves the social planner's dynamic decision criterion,and computes the optimal investment/pension policy in a general framework.A detailed analysis for the case of dynamic power utilities is provided.

关键词： Consistent dynamic utility PAYG pension policy Sustainability and actuarial fairness Demographic and financial risk sharing Stochastic control