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Getting started in endoscopic ear surgery

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Journal of Otology 2020年第1期15卷 6-16页

作者： Peter Ryan carolina Wuesthoff Nirmal Patel Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Royal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNSWAustralia Kolling Deafness Research Centre Macquarie University and University of SydneyNSWAustralia cSydney Endoscopic Ear Surgery Research Group Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck SurgeryFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Discipline of Surgery Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of SydneyAustralia

Endoscopic ear surgery(EES) is an exciting, rapidly developing and innovative field of otologic *** and conceptually, EES is a significant departure from traditional microscopic transcanal approaches to the middle ear and canal that has shown very positive results with respect to patient outcomes. This review serves as a primer for the otologist and otology resident embarking on EES and discusses the theory surrounding the learning process, the optical chain for endoscopic surgery as well as other important underlying principles.

关键词： Endoscopic Endoscopic Ear Surgery Optical Chain

Biosynthesis of Callose and Cellulose by Detergent Extracts of Tobacco Cell Membranes and Quantification of the Polymers Synthesized in vitro

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 221-233页

作者： carolina Cifuentes Vincent Bulone Anne Mie C.Emons Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology Wageningen University Division of Glycoscience School of BiotechnologyRoyal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University Center Department of Biomolecular Systems FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics

The conditions that favor the in vitro synthesis of cellulose from tobacco BY-2 cell extracts were determined. The procedure leading to the highest yield of cellulose consisted of incubating digitonin extracts of membranes from 11-day-old tobacco BY-2 cells in the presence of 1 mM UDP-glucose, 8 mM Ca^2＋ and 8 mM Mg^2＋. Under these conditions, up to nearly 40% of the polysaccharides synthesized in vitro corresponded to cellulose, the other polymer synthesized being callose. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the occurrence of two types of structures in the synthetic reactions. The first type consisted of small aggregates with a diameter between 3 and 5 nm that associated to form fibrillar strings of a maximum length of 400 nm. These structures were sensitive to the acetic/nitric acid treatment of Updegraff and corresponded to callose. The second type of structures was resistant to the Updegraff reagent and corresponded to straight cellulose microfibrils of 2-3 nm in diameter and 200 nm to up to 5 μm in length. In vitro reactions performed on electron microscopy grids indicated that the minimal rate of microfibril elongation in vitro is 120 nm/min. Measurements of retardance by liquid crystal polarization microscopy as a function of time showed that small groups of microfibrils increased in retardance by up to 0.047 nm/min per pixel, confirming the formation of organized structures.

关键词： Biosynthesis of Callose and Cellulose by Detergent Extracts of Tobacco Cell Membranes and Quantification of the Polymers Synthesized in vitro

Epigenetic interventions for brain rejuvenation：anchoring age-related transposons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 635-636页

作者： Adonis Sfera Lisa Fayard carolina Osorio Amy Price Department of Psychiatry Patton State HospitalPattonCAUSA Department of Psychiatry Loma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA Evidence-Based Medicine University of OxfordOxfordUK

Highlights：*** and homocysteine accumulation in aging neurons alter genomic *** altered methylome reactivates neuronal cell cycle,enabling transposable element *** R29/p53 axis restores age-related methylation shifts... 详细信息

关键词： Epigenetic interventions for brain rejuvenation:anchoring age-related transposons PUFAs DNA Figure TE cycle

Scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 4955-4984页

作者： carolina A. Ferreira Dalong Ni Zachary T. Rosenkrans Weibo Cai Department of Radiology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison W153705 USA

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species （RONS） are essential for normal physiological processes and play important roles in cell signaling, immunity, and tissue homeostasis. However, excess radical species are implicated in the development and augmented pathogenesis of various diseases. Several antioxidants may restore the chemical balance, but their use is limited by disappointing results of clinical trials. Nanoparticles are an attractive therapeutic alternative because they can change the biodistribution profile of antioxidants, and possess intrinsic ability to scavenge RONS. Herein, we review the types of RONS, how they are implicated in several diseases, and the types of nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant capability, their mechanisms of action, and their biological applications.

关键词： mnanomaterials reactive oxygen species(ROS) reactive nitrogen species ROS scavenging antioxidant nanoparticles

Innate and adaptive immune responses that control lymph-borne viruses in the draining lymph node

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第9期21卷 999-1007页

作者： carolina R.Melo-Silva Luis J.Sigal Department of Microbiology and Immunology Thomas Jefferson UniversityBluemle Life Sciences Building Room 709233 South 10th StreetPhiladelphiaPA19107USA

The interstitial fluids in tissues are constantly drained into the lymph nodes(LNs)as lymph through afferent lymphatic vessels and from LNs into the blood through efferent *** are strategically positioned and have the appropriate cellular composition to serve as sites of adaptive immune initiation against invading ***,for lymph-borne viruses,which disseminate from the entry site to other tissues through the lymphatic system,immune cells in the draining LN(dLN)also play critical roles in curbing systemic viral dissemination during primary and secondary ***-borne viruses in tissues can be transported to dLNs as free virions in the lymph or within infected *** of the entry mechanism,infected myeloid antigen-presenting cells,including various subtypes of dendritic cells,inflammatory monocytes,and macrophages,play a critical role in initiating the innate immune response within the *** innate immune response involves cellular crosstalk between infected and bystander innate immune cells that ultimately produce type I interferons(IFN-Is)and other cytokines and recruit inflammatory monocytes and natural killer(NK)***-I and NK cell cytotoxicity can restrict systemic viral spread during primary infections and prevent serious ***,the memory CD8+T-cells that reside or rapidly migrate to the dLN can contribute to disease prevention during secondary viral *** review explores the intricate innate immune responses orchestrated within dLNs that contain primary viral infections and the role of memory CD8+T-cells following secondary infection or CD8+T-cell vaccination.

关键词： Virus infection lymph borne virus lymph node virus control innate immunity adaptive immunity dendritic cells Langerhans cells macrophages inflammatory monocytes natural killer cells CD8+T-cells

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第1期10卷 1-17页

作者： Freddy Munoz carolina Tenorio Roger Moya Angel Navarro-Mora Escuela de Ingenieria Forestal Instituto Tecnologico de Costa RicaCartago159-7050Costa Rica Escuela de Ingenieria en Construccion Instituto Tecnologico de Costa RicaCartago159-7050Costa Rica

Fabrication and use of Cross Laminated Timber(CLT)using tropical woods is still limited at *** objective of the present study aims to determine the possibility of using CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers,fabricated withTectona grandis and Gmelina arborea wood using adhesive of isocyanate polymer emulsion system catalyzed with polymeric ***,water absorption,density,flexure test,compression and glue-line shear were evaluated using ANSI/APA PRG320-2012 ASTM D198 and ASTM D4761 *** results showed that CLT panels of *** presented higher values of density,less water absorption and lower delamination,with no evident differences between the CLT of 3 and 5 *** high density of *** resulted in higher values of the mechanical *** flatwise and edgewise flexure tests in 5-layer CLT panels of both species pre-sented higher values of bending stiffness compared to those of 3-layer CLT *** the bending stress values in 3-layer CLT panels were higher than for 5-layer CLT *** for shear stress in bending flatwise,in both species,3-layer CLT surpassed 5-layer CLT panels,but in the edgewise test no differences were *** MOE and Fc in the compression test were superior in relation to the edgewise *** and Fc in compres-sion flatwise in 3-layer CLT was greater than in 5-layer CLT in both species,but edgewise these values were higher in 5-layer CLT *** most common failures were stress and delamination in the flexure test,whereas in the compression test these were:shearing,splitting and *** the glue-line shear test no differences were observed between CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers for both species.

关键词： Structural elements sustainable material building material tropical wood wood of plantation

Are the cerrado and the seasonal forest woody floras assembled by different processes despite their spatial proximity?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第5期11卷 740-750页

作者： Raquel carolina Miatto Marco Antonio Batalha Department of Botany Federal University of São CarlosPO Box 67613565-905São CarlosBrazil Department of Biology University of São Paulo14040-901Ribeirão PretoBrazil

Aims The Brazilian cerrado occupies land that could be occupied by seasonal forest,given current climatic conditions and their spatial *** has been identified as one of the main determinants of cerrado and forest *** tested whether cerrado and seasonal forest woody floras were assembled by different *** postulated that soil nutrient availability would account for dif-ferences in the functional and phylogenetic structure of the cerrado and the seasonal *** In 1005×5 m plots distributed along cerrado and seasonal forest patches in south-eastern Brazil,we sampled five individuals with a basal diameter≥3 cm from 127 species and measured seven of their functional traits(plant height,basal area,tortuosity,leaf size,specific leaf area,leaf dry matter content,and leaf toughness).We constructed a phylogenetic tree and calculated the pairwise mean functional-phy-logenetic distances(MFPDs),an approach that accounts for functional and phylogenetic information both separately and *** also sampled soils to a depth of 5 cm in each plot and had their chem-ical and physical properties *** related the MFPD to soil properties and compared MFPD between cerrado and forest *** Findings Phylogenetic distances were higher than functional distances in both cerrado and seasonal forest communities,suggesting trait convergence in both *** of the importance given to functional or phylogenetic information,most of the com-munities in the cerrado and in the seasonal forest fell within the null expectation,implying either that multiple assembly processes can occur simultaneously along the gradient of soil fertility,or that not all important traits were *** was related to soil nutrient status when only functional distances were *** this case,MFPD was lower in the cerrado than in the forest,indi-cating that soil nutrient availability influenced plant traits,with the low-nutrient soils in

关键词： competition functional traits environmental filter nutrient limitation phylogeny savanna

Convergent pathways of the gut microbiota–brain axis and neurodegenerative disorders

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 90-107页

作者： carolina Gubert Juciano Gasparotto Livia H.Morais Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Melbourne Brain CentreUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas Universidade Federal de AlfenasRua Gabriel Monteiro da SilvaAlfenasMinas GeraisBrasil Division of Biology&Biological Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA

Recent research has been uncovering the role of the gut microbiota for brain health and *** studies highlight the role of gut microbiota on regulating brain function and behavior through immune,metabolic,and neuronal *** this review we provide an overview of the gut microbiota axis pathways to lay the groundwork for upcoming sessions on the links between the gut microbiota and neurogenerative *** also discuss how the gut microbiota may act as an intermediate factor between the host and the environment to mediate disease onset and *** on the current literature,we further examine the potential for different microbiota-based therapeutic strategies to prevent,to modify,or to halt the progress of neurodegeneration.

关键词： gut microbiota-brain axis neurodegeneration inflammation microbial metabolism gut microbiota

Diagnostic tests for hepatitis C: Recent trends in electrochemical immunosensor and genosensor analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15476-15491页

作者： carolina V Uliana Carla S Riccardi Hideko Yamanaka Department of Chemistry Federal University of Sao Carlos Department of Physical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry Sao Paulo State University Department of Analytical Chemistry Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Hepatitis C is a liver disease that is transmitted through contact with the blood of an infected person. An estimated 150 million individuals worldwide have been chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus(HCV). Hepatitis C shows significant genetic variation in the global population, due to the high rate of viral RNA mutation. There are six variants of the virus(HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), with 15 recorded subtypes that vary in prevalence across different regions of the world. A variety of devices are used to diagnose hepatitis C, including HCV antibody test, HCV viral load test, HCV genotype test and liver biopsy. Rapid, inexpensive, sensitive, and robust analytical devices are therefore essential for effective diagnosis and monitoring of disease treatment. This review provides an overview of current electrochemical immunosensor and genosensortechnologies employed in HCV *** are a limited number of publications showing electrochemical biosensors being used for the detection of *** to their simplicity,specificity,and reliability,electrochemical biosensor devices have potential clinical applications in several viral infections.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Immunosensors Genosensors Electrochemical detection Diagnostic tests