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Deletions in the pyruvate pathway of Salmonella Typhimurium alter SPI1-mediated gene expression and infectivity

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第4期4卷 241-252页

作者： Jason Abernathy Carolina Corkill carolee hinojosa Xianyao Li Huaijun Zhou Department of Animal Science University of California Department of Poultry Science Texas A&M University College Station College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University

Background： Salmonella enter/ca serovar Typhimurium is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. S. Typhimurium encodes type III secretion systems via Salmonella pathogenicity islands （SPI）, producing the major effector proteins of virulence. Previously, we identified two genes of Salmonella pyruvate metabolism that were up-regulated during chicken cell infection： pyruvate formate lyase I （pf/B） and b/functional acetaldehyde-CoA/alcohol dehydrogenase （adhE）. We were therefore interested in examining the role these genes may play in the transmission of Salmonella to humans. Methods： Mutant strains of Salmonella with single gene deletions for pflB and adhE were created. Invasion and growth in human HCT-8 intestinal epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages was examined. Quantitative PCR was performed on 19 SPI-1 genes. Results： In HCT-8 cells, both mutant strains had significantly higher intracellular counts than the wild-type from 4 to 48 h post-infection. Various SPI-1 genes in the mutants were up-regulated over the wild-type as early as 1 h and lasting until 24 h post-infection. In THP-1 cells, no significant difference in internal Salmonella counts was observed; however, SPI-1 genes were largely down-regulated in the mutants during the time-course of infection. We also found five SPI-1 genes - hilA, hiIC hill）, sicP and rtsA - which were up-regulated in at least one of the mutant strains in log-phase broth cultures alone. We have therefore identified a set of SPI-1 virulence genes whose regulation is effected by the central metabolism of Salmonella.

关键词： adhE Metabolism pflB Pyruvate Salmonella pathogenicity island Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence

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Exploring the percentage of COVID-19 cases reported in the community in Canada and associated case fatality ratios

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 123-132页

作者： Brendan P.Dougherty Ben A.Smith carolee A.Carson Nicholas H.Ogden Centre for Food-borne and Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Canada370 Speedvale Ave W.GuelphONN1H 7M7Canada Public Health Risk Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of Canada370 Speedvale Ave W.GuelphONN1H 7M7Canada Public Health Risk Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaSt.HyacintheQCJ2S 2M2Canada

While surveillance can identify changes in COVID-19 transmission patterns over time and space,sections of the population at risk,and the efficacy of public health measures,reported cases of COVID-19 are generally understood to only capture a subset of the actual number of *** primary objective was to estimate the percentage of cases reported in the general community,considered as those that occurred outside of long-term care facilities(LTCFs),in specific provinces and Canada as a *** applied a methodology using the delay-adjusted case fatality ratio(CFR)to all cases and deaths,as well as those representing the general *** second objective was to assess whether the assumed CFR(mean=1.38%)was appropriate for calculating underestimation of cases in *** were developed for the period from March 11th,2020 to September 16th,*** of the percentage of cases reported(PrCR)and CFR varied spatially and temporally across *** the majority of provinces,and for Canada as a whole,the PrCR increased through the early stages of the *** estimated PrCR in general community settings for all of Canada increased from 18.1%to 69.0%throughout the entire study *** were greater when considering only those data from outside of *** estimated upper bound CFR in general community settings for all of Canada decreased from 9.07%on March 11th,2020 to 2.00%on September 16th,***,the true CFR in the general community in Canada was likely less than 2%on September *** to our analysis,some provinces,such as Alberta,Manitoba,Newfoundland and Labrador,Nova Scotia,and Saskatchewan reported a greater percentage of cases as of September 16th,compared to British Columbia,Ontario,and *** could be due to differences in testing rates and criteria,demographics,socioeconomic factors,race,and access to healthcare among the *** investigation into these factors could reveal differences among provinc

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Underestimation Coronavirus disease Long term care facilities Case fatality ratio

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US Students Use Vacations to Volunteer in Community Service——Alternative spring break programs popular in the United States, abroad

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考试与评价（大学英语四级考试版） 2009年第12期 34-35,61页

作者： carolee Walker 姚同安(选编) 不详山东理工大学

真正的志愿精神是志愿，不为报酬，是利他。志愿服务几乎是每个文明社会不可缺少的一部分。近些年来，“志愿者”一词风行全球，志愿服务活动也逐渐在全球各地广泛开展起来，各种大型活动中都有志愿者的身影，特别是大学生志愿者的出色... 详细信息

真正的志愿精神是志愿，不为报酬，是利他。志愿服务几乎是每个文明社会不可缺少的一部分。近些年来，“志愿者”一词风行全球，志愿服务活动也逐渐在全球各地广泛开展起来，各种大型活动中都有志愿者的身影，特别是大学生志愿者的出色表现给人们留下了极其深刻的印象，也向世人展示了当代大学生的风采。

关键词：英语学习学习方法阅读翻译

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The inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf spot of lettuce caused by Xanthomonas campestris *** in three lettuce cultivars

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 1-7页

作者： Ryan J Hayes Mark A Trent Maria Jose Truco Rudie Antonise Richard W Michelmore carolee T Bull United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceCrop Improvement and Protection UnitSalinasCA 93905USA The Genome Center and Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Keygene N.V. 6700 AE WageningenThe Netherlands

Lettuce yields can be reduced by the disease bacterial leaf spot(BLS)caused by the pathogen Xanthomonas campestris ***(Xcv)and host resistance is the most feasible method to reduce disease *** cultivars La Brillante,Pavane and Little Gem express an incompatible host–pathogen interaction as a hypersensitive response(HR)to California strains of Xcv resulting in *** was known about the inheritance of resistance;however,resistance to other lettuce pathogens is often determined by resistance gene candidates(RGCs)encoding nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NB-LRR)***,we determined the inheritance of BLS resistance in the cultivars La Brillante,Little Gem and Pavane and mapped it relative to *** reaction to Xcv was analyzed in nine F_(1),F_(2) and recombinant inbred line populations of lettuce from HR3compatible or HR3HR *** HR in La Brillante,Pavane and Little Gem is conditioned by single dominant genes,which are either allelic or closely linked *** resistance gene in La Brillante was designated Xanthomonas resistance 1(Xar1)and mapped to lettuce linkage group ***1 is present in a genomic region that contains numerous NB-LRR encoding RGCs and functional pathogen resistance loci in the RGC2 *** Xar1 gene confers a high level of BLS resistance in the greenhouse and field that can be introgressed into commercial lettuce cultivars to reduce BLS losses using molecular markers.

关键词： cultivar Xanthomonas campestris

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Prevention of type 2 diabetes in urban American Indian/Alaskan Native communities: The Life in BALANCE pilot study

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2013年第4期3卷 184-191页

作者： Daniel C. Benyshek Michelle Chino carolee Dodge-Francis Toricellas O. Begay Hongbin Jin Celeste Giordano Department of Anthropology University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA School of Community Health Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas USA

Objective: The Life in BALANCE (LIB) study is a pilot translational study modeling the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle coaching intervention among an underserved, high-risk population: American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) living in a large urban setting (Las Vegas, Nevada). Research Design and Methods: A total of 22 overweight/obese AI/ANs (age, 39.6 ± 10.4 years;BMI, 34.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2) at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 5.4 (36 mmol/mol) Results: Only 12 of the 22 participants remained?in the LIB program at the final post-program follow-up. Participants demonstrated significant decreased waist circumference and elevated HDL cholesterol. Triglycerides manifested the highest percentage change without statistical significance. No significant change was observed in blood pressure or fasting blood glucose. Conclusions: LIB participants’ improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides suggests type 2 diabetes prevention programs aimed at urban AI/ANs show significant potential for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among this underserved and high risk community. Qualitative data suggest the main challenge for type 2 diabetes prevention specific to this population is a need for improved community outreach strategies.

关键词： Type 2 Diabetes Community-Based Participatory Research Prevention American Indian/Alaskan Native Urban

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强制性运动疗法对卒中后3～9个月上肢功能恢复的效果：EXCITE随机临床试验

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国际内科双语杂志（中英文） 2007年第1期7卷 68-70页

作者： Steven L. Wolf carolee J. Winstein J. Philip Miller

单中心研究显示，对于卒中后超过1年而保存部分手、腕运动功能的患者，为期2周的强制性运动疗法（CIMT）能够促进上肢功能，其效果至少可达1年。

关键词：强制性运动疗法上肢功能恢复随机临床试验卒中后单中心研究运动功能

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