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Determination of the Optimal Waist Circumference Cut-Off Points in Benin Adults

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2015年第4期5卷 217-228页

作者： Victoire Damienne Agueh Charles Sossa Dona Marius-Edgard Ouendo Noel M. Paraizo Colette Azandjemè Alphonse Kpozehouen clémence Metonnou Jacques Saizonou Laurent T. Ouédraogo Michel Makoutodé Hélène Delisle Institut Régional de Santé Publique (IRSP) de Ouidah Cotonou Bénin TRANSNUT Centre Collaborateur OMS sur la transition nutritionnelle et le développement Département de Nutrition Faculté of Médecine Université de Montréal Montréal Canada

Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers. Early detection of abdominal obesity followed by appropriate interventions will prevent associated diseases. The objective was to determine optimal waist circumference (WC) cut-off points predictive of at least one other component of metabolic syndrome in Benin adults. This longitudinal and observational study included at the baseline 541 apparently healthy subjects aged 25 - 60 years randomly selected in the largest city of Cotonou (n = 200), the smaller-size city of Ouidah (n = 171) and rural surroundings of Ouidah (n = 170) in Benin. Components of the metabolic syndrome considered along with abdominal obesity were high blood pressure, high fasting glycaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and high triglycerides as defined by the Joint Interim Statement. After the baseline survey, the subjects were followed-up for four years. Complete data at baseline and four years later were available in 416 subjects. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for waist circumference to predict at least one other component of the metabolic syndrome was plotted and the Youden index was used to define the optimal cut-offs of WC. At the baseline of the study, the optimal WC cut-off point to predict the presence of at least one other component of the metabolic syndrome was 80 cm for men (sensitivity = 0.62, specificity = 0.65);the area under the ROC curve was 0.67 (IC 95%: 0.61-0.74). In women, the optimal WC cut-off point was 90 cm (sensitivity = 0.54, specificity = 0.80), and the area under the ROC curve was 0.68 (IC 95%: 0.62-0.75). These optimal cut-offs were similar four years later. Optimum WC cut-off points for both men and women in Benin differ from those currently recommended for sub-Saharan Africans. Therefore, waist circumference cut-off points for abdominal obesity need to be reconsidered for these populations.

关键词： Waist Circumference Cut-Offs Cardiometabolic Risk Benin

An Evaluation of Crown Structure and Site Index to Determine Crown closure in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Stands in Guangxi,China

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2014年第6期15卷 1005-1011页

作者：陶玉华 Roger WILLIAMS carol BROWN 曹书阁 Rachael CRAne Raymond DUVAL Dani FLOWERS Jonathan FRANKO rachel HEFFLINGER Jonathan JOO Anne MAURO Crista RIEDY Margaret SMYTH Shawn STOne 谭丽凤广西生态工程职业技术学院广西柳州545004 美国俄亥俄州立大学环境和自然资源学院美国哥伦布43210

Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. Changes in canopy and tree crown structure were quantified for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis forests at different ages to determine when canopy closure occurs and the onset of competition begins. Site index was developed for these forests to determine whether site quality affects the canopy structure. Site index had little effect in the forests sampled, with the forest canopy on the better sites becoming slightly more elongated. Based upon crown projection ratio and crown diameter： dbh （diameter at breast height） ratio, it appears that crown closure occurs by age 4 years in these forests. The age at which this occurs was also checked and verified with the evaluation of relative spacing, RS （the ratio of the mean distance between trees to the average dominant height of the stand）. The RS value displayed a rapid decline until age 4 years, and then became relatively flat through age 21 years. The rapid height growth during the first 3 years with no change in density accounted for this rapid decrease. By age 4 years, reductions in the number of trees due to mortality began to have more of an influence on this value, resulting in a more gradual de- cline. The implications for management are discussed.

关键词： Site index Crown structure Forest canopy Relative spacing Crownclosure

乳化七氟烷静脉输注复合芬太尼，氯胺酮，静松灵麻前给药对矮马的影响及麻醉效果研究

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乳化七氟烷静脉输注复合芬太尼，氯胺酮，静松灵麻前给药对矮马的...

作者： Alancia carol clifton 东北农业大学

学位级别：硕士

随着马业的健康发展,国内马俱乐部逐渐增多,同时动物园作为观赏的马属动物也不断增长如矮马、斑马及野驴等在动物园中占比非常大。作为观赏动物及马术俱乐部的马属动物,其商业价值远远超过传统农业中的使役家畜。马属动物寿命很长,一生... 详细信息

随着马业的健康发展,国内马俱乐部逐渐增多,同时动物园作为观赏的马属动物也不断增长如矮马、斑马及野驴等在动物园中占比非常大。作为观赏动物及马术俱乐部的马属动物,其商业价值远远超过传统农业中的使役家畜。马属动物寿命很长,一生中也会患各种各样的疾病。在兽医临床上兽医师经常需要给马做各种各样的手术包括去势,外伤处理消化道结症及其他外科手术。马属动物感觉敏锐,对疼痛比较敏感,一般的局部麻醉不适合马属动物手术,因此马的手术一般都要采取全身麻醉。吸入麻醉是最常见最安全的可靠的一种的麻醉方法,但是,对大动物如马属动物的使用受限,因为他需要配备手术室及麻醉机,特别是在医院外做手术吸入麻醉的使用很不方便。现在人医及兽医临床应用的吸入麻醉剂以氟烷类为主,如安氟烷、异氟烷、七氟烷及地氟烷等。氟烷类麻醉剂具有麻醉效果好、安全、对人及动物体生理机能特别是心肺功能影响轻微等特点,因此作为吸入麻醉剂被广泛应用。对于动物医学来讲,因受麻醉设备限制,有时无法进行呼吸道给药进行吸入麻醉。但将吸入麻醉剂经血管给药,麻醉药物直接进入血液循环,以匀速的滴注速度达到一个麻醉平衡状态,是一种非常理想的麻醉方法。其优点是既能调节麻醉深度,又能维持麻醉所需时间要求,是一种优于单纯肌肉麻醉的有一种麻醉方法。将吸入麻醉剂乳化后静脉输注不但随时可以控制麻醉深度,还可以控制麻醉时间,且有很好的安全性,其麻醉效果等同于吸入麻醉。本实验研究目的是选择适宜的麻前给药使矮马安静下来,人能接近后进行乳化的七氟烷静脉维持麻醉,选出一种较为安全、麻醉效果更好的麻醉方法,这不仅可以用于兽医在矮马的麻醉进行参考,也可以用于其他马属动物如斑马野驴等的麻醉。实验选用5匹矮马,按以下剂量芬太尼0.2μg/kg,氯胺酮5mg/kg,静松灵34μg/kg混合后肌肉注射,待矮马站立不稳后倒地保定,颈静脉以滴注乳化七氟烷,麻醉维持1.5 h。实验结果表明:本麻醉方案以芬太尼0.2μg/kg、氯胺酮5mg/kg及静松灵34μg/kg混合后肌肉注射,矮马的倒地时间为2.70±0.84 min,倒地后直接以乳化七氟烷按2.1 m L/kg/h静脉输注,其麻醉效果良好,镇静、镇痛确实。麻醉后通过对矮马心肺及血氧饱和度、血气、肝肾生理指标的监测。呼吸频率(RR)从19.40±0.89降为13.40±1.67次/min,心率(HR)从56.20±3.03降为35.60±16次/min有,收缩压从136.20±6.65降为119.00±12.06 mm Hg,舒张压从93.20±3.70降为72.80±7.12 mm Hg平均动脉压显著地从107.20±1.79降到88.20±8.5(pcl-)的改变都在矮马接受的范围内。血清ACTH,与CGRP在90 min时间出现最高浓度,PGE浓度在60 min时间最高。结论:矮马选用芬太尼、氯胺酮及静松灵诱导,以乳化七氟烷静脉连续滴注可产生良好的镇痛、镇静及肌松效果,能够达到外科麻醉期可以完成较大的复杂手术,麻醉时间及麻醉深度随时可以调节。所有临测指标的改变都在可接受的生理范围。

关键词：马麻醉乳化七氟烷心电图

Managing Cases with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Knowing the Dynamics from Voluntary Counselling and Testing clients in Bobo-Dioulasso for Better Planning in Burkina Faso (1996-2014)

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 137-149页

作者： Armel Poda M’winmalo Ines Evelyne Da Ziemlé clément Méda Serge Somda Arsène Héma Jacques Zoungrana Isidore Traoré Apoline Sondo Ismael Diallo Mamadaou Savadogo Issiaka Sombié Madina Traoré Nicolas Méda Department of Infectious Diseases Souro Sanou Teaching Hospital Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of Infectious Diseases Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Regional Direction of Hauts Bassins Region Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso West African Health Organization (WAHO) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre Anonyme de Dépistage et d’Information (CADI) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: The Anonymous Screening and Information Centre (CADI) is the oldest screening centre of HIV from Burkina Faso. Since its opening, no analysis on the evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence has been carried out. Objective: The study aimed to describe the dynamics of HIV infection when managing centres offering voluntary counselling and testing to client, such as the Screening and Counselling Centre (CADI), in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed including people screened at the CADI from May 1996 to June 2014. Pearson khi2 test and Cuzick trend test were used with a 5% significance level. Results: From 7.1% of the 11,451 cases analyzed, the average age of clients screened was 30 ± 10.83 year-old. There was a female predominance (sex ratio = 0.8). The 16.4% (15.7 - 17.1) of the cases from the 11,451 clients included in our study were tested HIV positive. The global prevalence rate of HIV in the centre has significantly decreased from 46.2% in 1996 to 1.5% in 2014 (p Conclusion: The behaviour change could be a justification for the decline in HIV prevalence at the centre, hence the importance of sensitization campaigns.

关键词： Burkina Faso clients Prevalence HIV Screening Case Management

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Sur l’analyse

法语学习 2010年第1期 11-13页

作者： J.M.G.Le clézio

De plus en plus, il m'aappara■t que l'analyse est illusoire. Elle ne permet pas d'approcher. Elle ne permet pas de connatre. Elle n'est qu'un système, qu'une facette de la vérité entrevue par l'homme.

关键词：法语阅读材料翻译范文语法学习资料

Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical,chemical,and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 104-117页

作者： Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio clement Castilla Cecile Corbiere Helene Lavanant Carlos Afonso Christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour Laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jerome Yon Christelle Monteil Normandie Univ UNIROUENUNICAEN ABTE76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCOBRA76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSGPM-UMR663476000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCORIA76000 RouenFrance

Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OclN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.

关键词： In vitro Air-liquid interface MiniCAST Fine and ultrafine particles Organic compounds OC/TC

Using a Game to Engage Stakeholders in Extreme Event Attribution Science

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2016年第4期7卷 353-365页

作者： Hannah R.Parker Rosalind J.Cornforth Pablo Suarez Myles R.Allen Emily Boyd rachel James Richard G.Jones Friederike E.L.Otto Peter Walton Department of Meteorology University of Reading Walker Institute University of Reading Red Cross Red Crescent climate Centre Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future Boston University Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary PhysicsUniversity of Oxford Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Reading Present Address:Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies Met Office Hadley Centre School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford

The impacts of weather and climate-related disasters are increasing,and climate change can exacerbate many *** communicating climate risk and integrating science into policy requires scientists and stakeholders to work *** dialogue between scientists and policymakers can be challenging given the inherently multidimensional nature of the issues at stake when managing climate *** on the growing use of serious games to create dialogue between stakeholders,we present a new game for policymakers called climate Attribution Under Loss and Damage:Risking,Observing,negotiating(CAULDRON).CAULDRON aims to communicate understanding of the science attributing extreme events to climate change in a memorable and compelling way,and create space for dialogue around policy decisions addressing changing risks and loss and damage from climate *** describe the process of developing CAULDRON,and draw on observations of players and their feedback to demonstrate its potential to facilitate the interpretation of probabilistic climate information and the understanding of its relevance to informing *** looking to engage with stakeholders can learn valuable lessons in adopting similar innovative *** suitability of games depends on the policy context but,if used appropriately,experiential learning can drive coproduced understanding and meaningful dialogue.

关键词： climate change Extreme event attribution Loss and damage policy Participatory games Probabilistic event attribution(PEA) Risk management

Morbidity and Mortality of Inpatients in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第3期9卷 171-182页

作者： Armel Poda Jacques Zoungrana Arsène Héma Ziemlé clément Méda Alexandre Boena Rainatou Boly M’winmalo Ines Evelyne DA Apoline Sondo Nongodo Firmin Kaboré Sandrine Hien Ismael Diallo Mamadou Savadogo Eric Arnaud Diendéré Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo Issiaka Sombié Athanase Millogo Service des Maladies Infectieuses CHU Souro Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé (INSSA) Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Service de Bactériologie Virologie CHU Sour&#244 Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Service de neurologie CHU Souro Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Background: Infectious Diseases are responsible for nearly 17 million annual deaths worldwide. Burkina Faso, like the majority of poor countries, remains vulnerable to infectious diseases. The objective of the present study was to analyze the profile of inpatients, including the mortality and causes of death, in the Infectious Diseases Department of SourôSanou teaching hospital (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study based on medical records of all inpatients from 2011 to 2015. Results: We included 1169 patients. The gender ratio was 0.8. The age group 30 to 39 was more represented (30.2%) as well as housewives and farmers (73.7%). Over one-thirds of the patients (35.3%) were consulted within an average of 7 days. The most common reason for consultation was fever (65.1%). Around 62.0% of inpatients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Digestive diseases ranked first (21.8%) followed by nervous system disorders (19.4%) and tuberculosis (17.8%). Overall morbidity rate was 31.3%. About 42% were admitted to the emergency ward while 83.3% already arrived with poor health condition. And 82.1% of deaths occurred on pathological grounds of which 66.7% were related to HIV. Main causes of death included nervous system diseases (28.6%), tuberculosis (21.9%) and gastrointestinal diseases (18.3%). Conclusion: Infectious diseases remain a major public health issue. Further efforts are needed to improve their management in Burkina Faso.

关键词： Morbidity Mortality Infectious Diseases Causes of Deaths Burkina Faso

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圣迪济耶文化中心——自由延展的体量

城市环境设计 2015年第8期 123-129页

作者： Michel Delplace Cyril Trétout Hélène Galifer Etienne Challet-Hayard clémentine De Sorbay Jean-Fran?ois Vaudeville Gaetan Jaworsky Guillaume Guerin ANMA Agence Nicolas Michelin & Associés Nicolas Michelin

项目名称:圣迪济耶文化中心项目地点:法国圣迪济耶建筑面积:4 541m2竞赛时间:2011.03建成时间:2014.09与城市的关系圣迪济耶文化中心项目位于布拉卡得地区(Bragarde)的中心,基地处于市中心和绿林街区(Quartier Vert Bois)之间,这个拥有2... 详细信息

项目名称:圣迪济耶文化中心项目地点:法国圣迪济耶建筑面积:4 541m2竞赛时间:2011.03建成时间:2014.09与城市的关系圣迪济耶文化中心项目位于布拉卡得地区(Bragarde)的中心,基地处于市中心和绿林街区(Quartier Vert Bois)之间,这个拥有2 000座的大剧场文化中心,必然会成为城市北边的重要入口。从巴赫勒杜克(Bar-Le-Duc)和维特勒弗朗西斯(Vitry-Le-Francois)方向看过来,建筑呈球面弓形自由地延展开,中

关键词：体量出入口入口广场剧场文化机构项目地点