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Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in veterans: a retrospective casecontrol study

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 99-104页

作者： Logan M.Smith Shiv Lamba carol L.Karp Anat Galor Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center 1201 NW 16th StMiamiFL 33125USA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Flint Hill School OaktonVirginiaUSA

Background:A number of risk factors have been evaluated in ocular surface squamous neoplasia,but few studies have assessed risk factors specific to the armed forces veteran ***:We conducted a retrospective case-control study on 55 patients and 55 age-matched controls with biopsy-proven ocular surface squamous neoplasia from the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital Eye Clinic to investigate potential risk factors encountered by veterans,including service-specific ***-specific risk factors included ionizing radiation exposure,Agent Orange exposure,deployment to Southwest Asia,and exposure to the series of biochemical warfare tests known as Project Shipboard Hazard and *** was analyzed with SPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL)using t-tests,chi-squared,and logistic regression analysis,with a p-value of<0.05 considered statistically ***:The strongest risk factor for ocular surface squamous neoplasia was lifetime sun exposure both directly assessed via historical quantification of exposure by dermatology practitioners(Odds Ratio(OR)5.4,95%Confidence Interval(CI)2.27–12.847,p<0.005),and using the surrogate markers of basal cell carcinoma(OR 3.157,95%CI 1.286–7.748,p=0.010)and pingueculae(OR 5.267,95%CI 2.104–13.186,p<0.005).Of the veteran-specific risk factors,Agent Orange exposure and Southwest Asia deployment were not associated with an increased risk of ocular surface squamous *** to ionizing radiation and involvement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense were not documented among any cases or ***:The results of our study are consistent with prior established risk factors,namely highlighting the important role of sun exposure in ocular surface squamous neoplasia among veterans.

关键词： Ocular surface squamous neoplasia Risk factors Veteran population

A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第3期1卷 161-170页

作者： Erfan Soliman Sarujan Ranjan Tianyou Xu carol Gee Aidan Harker Alvaro Barrera John Geddes Department of Engineering Sciences Institute of BiomedicalEngineering Old Road Campus Research BuildingUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX3 7DQ UK Warneford Hospital Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Warneford Hospital Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK

There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.

关键词：肌肉组织血管生物技术发展现状

Cultural anthropology 9th ed.

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Cultural anthropology

Diverse perennial circular forage systems are needed to foster resilience, ecosystem services, and socioeconomic benefits in agricultural landscapes

1999年

作者： Ember carol R.

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Grassland Research 2022年第2期1卷 123-130页

作者： Valentin D.Picasso Marisol Berti Kim Cassida Sarah Collier Di Fang Ann Finan Margaret Krome David Hannaway William Lamp Andrew W.Stevens carol Williams Department of Agronomy University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Department of Plant Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Food and Resource Economics Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA Department of Sociology St.Cloud State UniversitySt.CloudMinnesotaUSA Michael Fields Agricultural Institute East TroyWisconsinUSA Department of Crop&Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA Department of Entomology University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

Prevailing agricultural systems dominated by annual crop monocultures,and the landscapes that contain them,lack resilience and *** are vulnerable to extreme weather events,contribute to degradation of soil,water,and air quality,reduce biodiversity,and negatively impact human health,social engagement,and *** achieve greater resilience,stability,and multiple ecosystem services therein,and to improve socioeconomic outcomes,we propose a practical framework to gain multifunctionality at multiple *** framework includes forages within agroecosystems that have the essential structural features of diversity,perenniality,and *** three structural features are associated with increased resilience,stability,and provision of several ecosystem services,which in turn improve human health and socioeconomic *** framework improves understanding of,and access to,tools and materials for promoting the adoption of diverse circular agroecosystems with perennial *** of this framework can result in land transformations that solve sustainability challenges in agriculture if policy,economic,and social barriers can be overcome by a transdisciplinary process of equitable knowledge production.

关键词： climate change forages multifunctionality resilience soil health sustainability transdisciplinary

Lacrimal gland tumors in Turkey：types,frequency,and outcomes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第8期11卷 1296-1302页

作者： Yagmur Seda Yesiltas Ahmet Kaan Gundiiz Esra Erden carol L. Shields Department of Ophthalmology Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06620 Turkey Department of Pathology Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06230 Turkey Ocular Oncology Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA 19107 USA

AIM： To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and treatment features of lacrimal gland ***： Retrospective review of 99 eyes of 92 patients with lacrimal gland tumors diagnosed and managed in a single institution between January 1999 and March 2017. Clinical and radiological features, histopathology, treatment methods, and prognosis were ***： The mean patient age was 40.3（range： 7-80）*** diagnosis was made histopathologically in 91（91.9%） tumors and on a clinical and radiological basis in 8（8.1%） tumors. Final diagnoses included idiopathic orbital inflammation（pseudotumor） in 46（46.5%） lesions, pleomorphic adenoma in 14（14.1%）, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 12（12.1%）, granulomatous inflammation in 10（10.1%）, lymphoma in 5（5.0%）, benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 3（3.0%）, dacryops in 3（3.0%）, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in 2（2.0%）, adenocarcinoma in 1（1.0%）, dermoid cyst in 1（1.0%）, cavernous hemangioma in 1（1.0%）, and leukemic infiltration in 1（1.0%）. Nonepithelial tumors comprised 64.6%（n=64） of all lacrimal gland tumors, epithelial tumors 32.3%（n=32）, dermoid cyst 1%（n=1）, cavernous hemangioma 1%（n=1）, and leukemic infiltration 1%（n=1）. There were in total 78（78.8%） benign and 21（21.2%） malignant tumors. CONCLUSION： Overall, 65% of lacrimal gland tumors were of non-epithelial origin and 32% of epithelial origin. By histopathology and clinical evaluation, 79% of lacrimal gland tumors were benign. The most common lacrimal gland tumors include idiopathic orbital inflammation（46.5%）, epithelial（32.3%）, and lymphoproliferative（8.1%） lesions.

关键词： epithelial tumor inflammation lacrimal gland non-epithelial tumor orbit tumor

CPC Coding exam review 2007 : the certification step / carol J. Buck ; technical research assistants, Cynthia Stahl, Deborah Neville.

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Vitamin D in esophageal cancer: Is there a role for chemoprevention?

1000年

作者： Buck carol J.

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第1期10卷 23-30页

作者： carol Rouphael Afrin Kamal Madhusudhan R Sanaka Prashanthi N Thota Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland Clinic

Vitamin D has emerged as a promising anti-cancer agent due to its diverse biological effects on tumor differentiation, apoptosis and suppression of cellular proliferation. Current evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D in colon cancer. The effect of vitamin D on esophageal cancer remains controversial. Multiple studies investigated the association between vitamin D and esophageal cancer, employing different modes of assessment of vitamin D status such as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D dietary intake or exposure to ultraviolet B(UVB) radiation. Genetic variations of the vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene and VDR expression in esophageal specimens have also been investigated. Ecological studies evaluating exposure to UVB radiation yielded an inverse correlation with esophageal cancer. When vitamin D dietary intake was assessed, direct association with esophageal cancer was observed. However, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations showed inconsistent results. In this review article, we present a detailed summary of the current data on the effects of vitamin D on various histological subtypes of esophageal cancer and their precursor lesions. Well-powered prospective studies with accurate measurement of vitamin D status are needed before chemoprevention with vitamin D is recommended, as current evidence does not support a chemopreventive role of vitamin D against esophageal cancer. Future studies looking at the incidence of esophageal cancer in patients with pre-cancerous lesions(Barrett's esophagus and squamous cell dysplasia) receiving vitamin D supplementation are needed.

关键词： vitamin D vitamin D receptor esophageal adenocarcinoma esophageal squamous cell carcinoma genetic polymorphism

陆地生态系统模拟研究中IBIS模型开发应用的回顾和展望

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2022年第1期13卷 2-16页

作者：刘金勋卢学鹤朱求安袁文平苑全治张臻国庆喜 DEERING carol 美国地质调查局西部地理科学中心美国加利福尼亚州莫菲特菲尔德94035 苏州科技大学地理科学与测绘工程学院江苏苏州215009 河海大学水文水资源学院南京210024 中山大学大气科学学院广州510275 四川师范大学地理与资源科学学院成都610068 美国马里兰大学美国马里兰州大学公园20742 东北林业大学林学院哈尔滨150040 KBR Inc. 美国地质调查局地球资源观测和科学中心美国南达科他州苏福尔斯57198

全球动态植被模型(DGVM)是研究生态系统复杂过程和全球变化的强有力工具。本文基于过去20多年全球已发表的文献,对得到广泛关注和应用的DGVM之一——集成生物圈模拟器(Integrated Biosphere Simulator,IBIS)的开发、改进、发展及应用进... 详细信息

全球动态植被模型(DGVM)是研究生态系统复杂过程和全球变化的强有力工具。本文基于过去20多年全球已发表的文献,对得到广泛关注和应用的DGVM之一——集成生物圈模拟器(Integrated Biosphere Simulator,IBIS)的开发、改进、发展及应用进行了总结。IBIS是一个在全球变化等多领域中有着广泛应用的模型。自1996年诞生以来,IBIS在陆地生态系统的碳、氮、水循环,植被动态、陆气耦合、水域系统耦合和气候变化影响等多个方面取得了验证和应用。本文较为系统地阐述了IBIS模型在V2.5版本后的不同发展方向,主要针对IBIS模型在水文过程(蒸散、土壤水分、地下水、径流)、植被动态(植被功能型、土地覆盖变化)、植被生理过程(植被物候、光合作用、植被生长、碳分配)、土壤生物地球化学过程(土壤碳氮循环及反馈、温室气体排放等)以及包括土地利用变化、干扰与管理等人类活动过程等方面的改进与发展进行了全面的综述;在此基础上,对模型在生态系统生产力、碳水收支、水分利用效率、温室气体排放、自然干扰(干旱、火灾、虫害)和人类活动(土地利用变化、农业经营)等方面的应用,以及模型的技术性改进方面进行了回顾;最后对模型的前景和进一步发展提出了一些见解。

关键词： IBIS 生态模型生产力碳循环全球变化

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领略瑞士与温哥华的无限风光

空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2022年第12期 6-9,38,39页

作者： carol Ann Davidson 不详

高山、湖泊、火车,还有巧克力——瑞士应有尽有在瑞士航空带我飞往苏黎世的几个星期前,我读到了关于瑞士在全球幸福指数报告中排名第四的报道。瑞士的人均巧克力消费量近20磅,占世界首位,这无疑有助于产生大量的幸福感带着手机上的一等... 详细信息

高山、湖泊、火车,还有巧克力——瑞士应有尽有在瑞士航空带我飞往苏黎世的几个星期前,我读到了关于瑞士在全球幸福指数报告中排名第四的报道。瑞士的人均巧克力消费量近20磅,占世界首位,这无疑有助于产生大量的幸福感带着手机上的一等座瑞士旅行通票,我已准备好开启一趟火车环游之旅,前往瑞士联邦26个成员国中最有特色的4个州进行游览。

关键词：幸福指数瑞士联邦无限风光巧克力苏黎世幸福感温哥华火车