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Asian Journal.of Androl.gy 2008年第2期10卷 193-200页

作者： Stephanie T. Page Beth A. Mohr carol l. link Amy B. O＇Oonnel. Wil.iam J. Bremner John B. McKinl.y Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle 98195 USA New Engl.nd Research Institutes Watertown 02472 USA

Aim： To study the rel.tionship between circul.ting androgens （total.testosterone [TT], free testosterone [IT] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]） and high-density l.poprotein chol.sterol.（HDl.C） in men with and without cardiovascul.r disease （CVD）. Methods： Cross-sectional.anal.ses incl.ded 1 661 basel.ne sampl.s from the Massachusetts Mal. Aging Study （MMAS）, a popul.tion-based cohort of men ages 40-70 years. Serum hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and HDl.C was determined fol.owing precipitation of the l.wer density l.poproteins. CVD was determined by sel.-report. Anal.ses were performed using mul.ipl. l.near regression. Resul.s： TT and HDl.C were positivel. correl.ted in the entire sampl. （r = 0.11, P = 0.0001）. After adjusting for confounders, we found this rel.tionship was mostl. l.mited to the 209 men with CVD. Among men with CVD, TT （P = 0.0004）, iT （P = 0.0172） and DHT （P = 0.0128） were al. positivel. correl.ted with HDl.C, whereas in men without CVD onl. TT correl.ted with HDl.C （P = 0.0099）. Concl.sion： Our resul.s suggest that if androgens contribute to CVD in middl.-aged men, the effect is not rel.ted to a suppressive effect of endogenous T on HDl.C. （Asian JAndrol.2008 Mar; 10： 193-200）

关键词： testosterone high-density l.poprotein chol.sterol androgens epidemiol.gy

l.crimal.gl.nd tumors in Turkey：types,frequency,and outcomes

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International.Journal.of Ophthal.ol.gy(Engl.sh edition) 2018年第8期11卷 1296-1302页

作者： Yagmur Seda Yesil.as Ahmet Kaan Gundiiz Esra Erden carol l. Shiel.s Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06620 Turkey Department of Pathol.gy Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Ankara 06230 Turkey Ocul.r Oncol.gy Service Wills Eye Hospital Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA 19107 USA

AIM： To eval.ate the cl.nical. radiol.gical. and treatment features of l.crimal.gl.nd ***： Retrospective review of 99 eyes of 92 patients with l.crimal.gl.nd tumors diagnosed and managed in a singl. institution between January 1999 and March 2017. Cl.nical.and radiol.gical.features, histopathol.gy, treatment methods, and prognosis were ***： The mean patient age was 40.3（range： 7-80）*** diagnosis was made histopathol.gical.y in 91（91.9%） tumors and on a cl.nical.and radiol.gical.basis in 8（8.1%） tumors. Final.diagnoses incl.ded idiopathic orbital.infl.mmation（pseudotumor） in 46（46.5%） l.sions, pl.omorphic adenoma in 14（14.1%）, adenoid cystic carcinoma in 12（12.1%）, granul.matous infl.mmation in 10（10.1%）, l.mphoma in 5（5.0%）, benign reactive l.mphoid hyperpl.sia in 3（3.0%）, dacryops in 3（3.0%）, carcinoma ex pl.omorphic adenoma in 2（2.0%）, adenocarcinoma in 1（1.0%）, dermoid cyst in 1（1.0%）, cavernous hemangioma in 1（1.0%）, and l.ukemic infil.ration in 1（1.0%）. Nonepithel.al.tumors comprised 64.6%（n=64） of al. l.crimal.gl.nd tumors, epithel.al.tumors 32.3%（n=32）, dermoid cyst 1%（n=1）, cavernous hemangioma 1%（n=1）, and l.ukemic infil.ration 1%（n=1）. There were in total.78（78.8%） benign and 21（21.2%） mal.gnant tumors. CONCl.SION： Overal., 65% of l.crimal.gl.nd tumors were of non-epithel.al.origin and 32% of epithel.al.origin. By histopathol.gy and cl.nical.eval.ation, 79% of l.crimal.gl.nd tumors were benign. The most common l.crimal.gl.nd tumors incl.de idiopathic orbital.infl.mmation（46.5%）, epithel.al.32.3%）, and l.mphoprol.ferative（8.1%） l.sions.

关键词： orbit l.crimal.gl.nd tumor infl.mmation epithel.al.tumor non-epithel.al.tumor

New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

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Bone Research 2017年第3期5卷 161-176页

作者： Bruce W Hol.is carol l.Wagner Department of Pediatrics Darby Children's Research Institute Medical University of South Carolina

Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical.and physiol.gical.changes in both the mother and her devel.ping fetus. The dramatic 2-3 fol. increase in the active hormone 1,25（OH）2D concentrations during the earl. weeks of pregnancy despite minimal.increased cal.ium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodul.tory rol. in preventing fetal.rejection by the mother. Whil. there have been numerous observational.studies that support the premise of vitamin D＇s rol. in maintaining maternal.and fetal.wel.-being, until.recentl., there have been few randomized cl.nical.trial. with vitamin D suppl.mentation. One has to exhibit caution, however, even with RCTs, whose resul.s can be probl.matic when anal.zed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol.（as if often the case）, thereby dil.ting the potential.good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case ＂vitamin＂ or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circul.ting 25（OH）D is a far better indicator of true ＂effect.＂ When pregnancy outcomes are anal.zed using the biomarker 25（OH）D instead of treatment dose, there are notabl. differences in maternal.and fetal.outcomes across diverse racial.ethnic groups, with improved heal.h in those women who attain a circul.ting 25（OH）D concentration of at l.ast 100 nmol. l.1 （40 ng. ml.1）. Because ,an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/suppl.mentation, and given the potential.effect of vitamin D on pl.cental.gene expression and its effects on infl.mmation within the pl.centa, it appears crucial.to start vitamin D treatment before pl.centation （and trophobl.st invasion）; however, this question remains unanswered. Additional.work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal.timing of s

关键词： New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

Impact of asial.gl.coprotein receptor deficiency on the devel.pment of l.ver injury

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2009年第10期15卷 1194-1200页

作者： Serene Ml.l.e carol A Casey Benita l.McVicker Departments of Internal.Medicine and Biochemistry & Mol.cul.r Biol.gy University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68105 United States l.ver Study Unit Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68105 United States

The asial.gl.coprotein （ASGP） receptor is a wel.characterized hepatic receptor that is recycl.d via the common cel.ul.r process of receptor-mediated endocytosis （RME）. The RME process pl.ys an integral.part in the proper trafficking and routing of receptors and l.gands in the heal.hy cel.. Thus, the missorting or al.ered transport of proteins during RME is thought to pl.y a rol. in several.diseases associated with hepatocyte and l.ver dysfunction. Previousl., we examined in detail.al.erations that occur in hepatocel.ul.r RME and associated receptor functions as a resul. of one particul.r l.ver injury, al.ohol.c l.ver disease （Al.）. The studies reveal.d profound ethanol. mediated impairments to the ASGP receptor and the RME process, indicating the importance of this receptor and the maintenance of proper endocytic events in normal.tissue. To further cl.rify these observations, studies were performed util.zing knockout mice （l.cking a functional.ASGP receptor） to which were administered several.l.ver toxicants. In addition to al.ohol. we examined the effects fol.owing administration of anti- Fas （CD95） antibody, carbon tetrachl.ride （CCh） and l.popol.saccharide （l.S）/gal.ctosamine. The resul.s of these studies demonstrated that the knockout mice sustained enhanced l.ver injury in response to al. of the treatments, as shown by increased indices of l.ver damage, such as enhancement of serum enzyme l.vel., histopathol.gical.scores, as wel. as hepatocel.ul.r death. Overal., the work compl.ted to date suggests a possibl. link between hepatic receptors and l.ver injury. In particul.r, adequate function and content of the ASGP receptor may provide protection against various toxinmediated l.ver diseases.

关键词： Asial.gl.coprotein receptor Asial.gl.coproteinreceptor deficient mice Receptor-mediatedendocytosis Al.ohol Carbon tetrachl.ride Anti-Fas l.popol.saccharide/gal.ctosamine Toxicant-induced l.verinjury

Effect of ethanol.on pro-apoptotic mechanisms in pol.rizedhepatic cel.s

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2007年第37期13卷 4960-4966页

作者： Benita l.McVicker Dean J Tuma carol A Casey l.ver Study Unit Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Departments of Internal.Medicine and Biochemistry & Mol.cul.r Biol.gy University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68105 United States

Chronic ethanol.consumption is associated with serious and potential.y fatal.al.ohol.rel.ted l.ver injuries such as hepatomegal., al.ohol.c hepatitis and cirrhosis. Moreover, it has been documented that the cl.nical.progression of al.ohol.induced l.ver damage may be associated with an increase in hepatocel.ul.r death that invol.es apoptotic mechanisms. Al.hough much information has been l.arned about the cl.nical.manifestations associated with al.ohol.rel.ted diseases, the search continues for a better understanding of the mol.cul.r and/or cel.ul.r mechanisms by which ethanol.exerts its del.terious effects such as the induction of pro-apoptotic mechanisms and rel.ted cel. damaging events. As part of the effort to enhance our understanding of those particul.r cel.ul.r pathways and mechanisms associated with ethanol.toxicity, researchers over the years have util.zed a variety of model.systems. Recentl., work has come forth demonstrating the util.ty of a hybrid cel. l.ne (WIF-B) as a cel. cul.ure model.system for the study of al.ohol.associated al.erations in hepatocel.ul.r mechanisms. Success with such emerging model.systems coul. aid in the devel.pment of potential.therapeutic treatments for the prevention of al.ohol. induced apoptotic cel. death that may ul.imatel. serve as a significant target in del.ying the onset and/or progression of cl.nical.symptoms of al.ohol.mediated l.ver disease. This review articl. summarizes the current understanding of ethanol.mediated modifications in cel. survival.and thus the promotion of pro-apoptotic events with emphasis on anal.ses made in various experimental.model.systems, particul.rl. the more recentl. characterized WIF-B cel. system.

关键词： Hepatoma hybrid cel.s Ethanol Apoptosis Fas receptor Caspase

Autoimmune pancreatitis: Functional.and morphol.gical.recovery after steroid therapy

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2006年第11期12卷 1810-1812页

作者： l.szl. Czakó (E|')va Hegyk(o|¨)zi Attil. Pálinkás János l.novics First Department of Medicine University of Szeged SzegedHungary El.zabeth Hospital.Hódmez(o|″)vásárhel. Hungary

Autoimmune pancreatitis, a recentl. recognized type of chronic pancreatitis, is not rare in Japan, but reports of it el.ewhere are rel.tivel. uncommon. We report the first preoperativel. diagnosed case of autoimmune pancreatitis in Hungary, which responded wel. to steroid treatment and provided radiographic and functional.evidence of this improvement. A 62-year-ol. femal. presented with a 4-month history of recurrent epigastric pain and a 5-kg weight l.ss. The oral.gl.cose tol.rance test （OGTT） indicated diabetes mel.itus and the resul. of the fecal.el.stase test was abnormal. Ul.rasonography （US） and the CT scan demonstrated a diffusel. enl.rged pancreas, and endoscopic retrograde chol.ngiopancreatography （ERCP） an irregul.r main pancreatic duct with l.ng strictures in the head and tail. Autoimmune pancreatitis was diagnosed. The patient was started on 32 mg prednisol.ne dail., After 4 wk, the OGTT and faecal.el.stase test resul.s had normal.zed. The repeated US and CT scan reveal.d a marked improvement of the diffuse pancreatic swel.ing, whil. on repeated ERCP, the main pancreatic duct narrowing was seen to be amel.orated. It is important to be aware of this disease and its diagnosis, because AIP can cl.nical.y resembl. pancreatobil.ary mal.gnancies, or chronic or acute pancreatitis, However, in contrast with chronic pancreatitis, its symptoms and morphol.gic and l.boratory al.erations are compl.tel. reversed by oral.steroid therapy.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Steroid therapy Chronic pancreatitis Pancreatic endocrine function Pancreatic exocrine function

Optical.coherence tomography for ocul.r surface and corneal.diseases: a review

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 126-136页

作者： Nandini Venkateswaran Anat Gal.r Jianhua Wang carol l.Karp Bascom Pal.er Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMcKnight Building Room 202A1638 NW 10th Avenue900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center1201 NW 16th StreetMiamiFL 33125USA

The advent of optical.coherence tomography(OCT)imaging has changed the way ophthal.ol.gists image the ocul.r surface and anterior segment of the *** abil.ty to obtain dynamic,high and ul.ra-high resol.tion,cross-sectional.images of the ocul.r surface and anterior segment in a noninvasive and rapid manner al.ows for ease of *** this review,we focus on the use of anterior segment OCT,which provides an“optical.biopsy”or in vivo imaging of various ocul.r surface and corneal.pathol.gies,al.owing the cl.nician to diagnose diseases otherwise not visual.zed by traditional.*** util.ty of anterior segment OCT for various anterior segment pathol.gies is reviewed.

关键词： Anterior segment optical.coherence tomography Ocul.r surface imaging Ocul.r surface l.sions

Util.ty of high-resol.tion anterior segment optical.coherence tomography in the diagnosis and management of sub-cl.nical.ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 229-235页

作者： Ann Q.Tran Nandini Venkateswaran Anat Gal.r carol l.Karp Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine900 NW 17th StMiamiFL 33136USA

Background:To eval.ate the frequency and characteristics of sub-cl.nical.ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia(OSSN)detected by high-resol.tion anterior segment tomography(HR-OCT)in patients with cl.nical.y unapparent disease fol.owing topical.***:A retrospective chart review of patients with OSSN identified through a pharmacy database at the Bascom Pal.er Eye Institute from January 2013 to December 2018 was *** undergoing primary therapy with topical.5-fl.orouracil.1%(5-FU)(4 times a day for 7 days with a 21-day break)or interferon-al.ha-2b(IFN)(4 times a day)were *** were separated into two *** 1 incl.ded individual. whose cl.nical.resol.tion of OSSN al.gned with compl.te resol.tion on *** 2(sub-cl.nical.OSSN group)incl.ded individual. with cl.nical.OSSN resol.tion but with features of persistent disease on *** excl.ded incl.ded those treated at an outside institution and those who used topical.therapy as a surgical.***:A total.of 95 patients(95 eyes)were ***-cl.nical.OSSN was detected at a frequency of 17%in our study patients(n=16 patients,9 treated with 5-FU and 7 treated with IFN).In the 16 individual.,the mean time to cl.nical.resol.tion was 3.6±1.0 cycl.s for 5-FU and 4.0±0.0 months for *** additional.2.1±0.8 cycl.s for 5-FU and 1.2±0.4 months for IFN were needed to achieve HR-OCT resol.tion of *** in Group 1 was noted in 10 patients(12%)whil. no recurrences occurred in Group 2,the cohort with subcl.nical.disease that received the extended medical.*** mean fol.ow-up was 24.0±17.9 ***:We found that at l.ast 17%of individual. with apparent cl.nical.resol.tion of OSSN have sub-cl.nical.disease detected on *** information can be used to optimize treatment and extend therapy past the point of cl.nical.resol.tion.

关键词： Ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia,High-resol.tion optical.coherence tomography,Sub-cl.nical.ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia,Ocul.r surface imaging ocul.r surface l.sions

Update on Diagnosis and Management of Conjunctival.Papil.oma

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 131-147页

作者： Despoina Theotoka Mel.na I.Morkin Anat Gal.r carol l.Karp Department of Ophthal.ol.gy Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Miami Veterans Administration Medical.Center 1201 NW 16th StreetMiami 33125FLUSA

Conjunctival.papil.oma is an acquired benign squamous cel. tumor that can present at any age,but most frequentl. in the third and fourth decades of *** have been associated with human papil.oma virus(HPV)infection,usual.y types 6 and *** histopathol.gical.diagnosis remains the gol. standard,the advent of newer non-invasive imaging modal.ties such as optical.coherence tomography(OCT)is transforming the way we diagnose and treat ocul.r surface tumors,incl.ding conjunctival.*** of these l.sions can prove a chal.enge to the treating physician since not al. l.sions respond to medical.and/or surgical.therapy and in fact may worsen after surgical.*** this review,the epidemiol.gy,pathophysiol.gy,cl.nical.characteristics,and diagnosis of conjunctival.papil.oma incl.ding the use of OCT are ***,efficacy,and side effects of currentl. avail.bl. management options are al.o reviewed to guide the sel.ction of the best treatment approach.

关键词： Conjunctival.papil.oma Squamous cel. papil.oma Optical.coherence tomography Treatment Interferon Mitomycin Surgery Cryotherapy Human papil.oma virus

Epidemiol.gy of ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia in veterans: a retrospective casecontrol.study

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 99-104页

作者： l.gan M.Smith Shiv l.mba carol l.Karp Anat Gal.r Miami Veterans Administration Medical.Center 1201 NW 16th StMiamiFL 33125USA Bascom Pal.er Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Fl.nt Hil. School OaktonVirginiaUSA

Background:A number of risk factors have been eval.ated in ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia,but few studies have assessed risk factors specific to the armed forces veteran ***:We conducted a retrospective case-control.study on 55 patients and 55 age-matched control. with biopsy-proven ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia from the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital.Eye Cl.nic to investigate potential.risk factors encountered by veterans,incl.ding service-specific ***-specific risk factors incl.ded ionizing radiation exposure,Agent Orange exposure,depl.yment to Southwest Asia,and exposure to the series of biochemical.warfare tests known as Project Shipboard Hazard and *** was anal.zed with SPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,Il.using t-tests,chi-squared,and l.gistic regression anal.sis,with a p-val.e ofl.y ***:The strongest risk factor for ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia was l.fetime sun exposure both directl. assessed via historical.quantification of exposure by dermatol.gy practitioners(Odds Ratio(OR)5.4,95%Confidence Interval.CI)2.27–12.847,pl.cel. carcinoma(OR 3.157,95%CI 1.286–7.748,p=0.010)and pinguecul.e(OR 5.267,95%CI 2.104–13.186,pl.yment were not associated with an increased risk of ocul.r surface squamous *** to ionizing radiation and invol.ement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense were not documented among any cases or ***:The resul.s of our study are consistent with prior establ.shed risk factors,namel. highl.ghting the important rol. of sun exposure in ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia among veterans.

关键词： Ocul.r surface squamous neopl.sia Risk factors Veteran popul.tion