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Understanding protein palmitoylation:Biological significance and enzymology

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1888-1897页

作者： fIERKE carol A. Departments of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry University of Michigan930 N University

Protein palmitoylation is a widespread lipid modification in which one or more cysteine thiols on a substrate protein are modified to form a thioester with a palmitoyl *** lipid modification is readily reversible;a feature of protein palmitoylation that allows for rapid regulation of the function of many cellular *** in palmitoyltransferases(PATs),the enzymes that catalyze the formation of this modification,are associated with a number of neurological diseases and cancer *** review summarizes the crucial role of palmitoylation in biological systems,the discovery of the DHHC protein family that catalyzes protein palmitoylation,and the development of methods for investigating the catalytic mechanism of PATs.

关键词： protein palmitoylation palmitoyltransferase (PAT) DHHC protein family catalytic mechanism palmitoylation assay

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Checkmate to liver biopsy in chronic hepatitis C?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5514-5520页

作者： Anca Trifan carol Stanciu "Gr.T.Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy "St.Spiridon" University HospitalIndependentei 1700111 IasiRomania

Liver biopsy (LB) has traditionally been considered the gold standard for pretreatment evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). However, LB is an invasive procedure with several shortcomings (intra-and interobserver variability of histopathological interpretation, sampling errors, high cost) and the risk of rare but potentially life-threatening complications. In addition, LB is poorly accepted by patients and it is not suitable for repeated evaluation. further-more, the prevalence of CHC makes LB unrealistic to be performed in all patients with this disease who are candidates for antiviral therapy. The above-mentioned drawbacks of LB have led to the development of non-invasive methods for the assessment of liver fibrosis. Several noninvasive methods, ranging from serum marker assays to advanced imaging techniques, have proved to be excellent tools for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC, whereas the value of LB as a gold standard for staging fibrosis prior to antiviral therapy has become questionable for clinicians. Despite significant resistance from those in favor of LB, noninvasive methods for pretreatment assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with CHC have become part of routine clinical practice. With protease inhibitors-based triple therapy already available and substantial improvement in sustained virological response, the time has come to move forward to noninvasiveness, with no risks for the patient and, thus, no need for LB in the assessment of liver fibrosis in the decision making for antiviral therapy in CHC.

关键词： Liver biopsy fibrosis Noninvasive methods

Gairvof-function mutant p53:history and speculation

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 605-609页

作者： Jill Bargonetti carol Prives Department of Biological Sciences Hunter College and The Graduate Center City University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Biological Sciences Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

Arnold Levine and the history of p53 The history of the p53 tumor suppressor (and of the p53 field of research) is quite *** discovered in the late 1970s as a protein associated with the SV40 large tumor antigen (and also as a protein that was found in some nonvirally transformed cells),p53 was commonly viewed as a facilitator of oncogenic cell transformation (for an excellent review of the early history of p53 see Levine and Oren,2009).It took nearly 10 years for the cancer research field to realize that wild-type p53 is a tumor suppressor protein.

关键词： Levine suppressor protein

Invitation to psychology carole Wade, carol Tavris.

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Risk Information Sources for Snow Disaster Risk Preparedness in Scotland

2002年

作者： carole Wade carol Tavris.

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 854-866页

作者： Josephine Adekola fabrice Renaud carol Hill Adam Smith Business School University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQ.UK School of Interdisciplinary Studies.University of Glasgow.Dumfries DG14ZL UK

Heavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK,including ***,heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in *** study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow event in Scotland referred to as the“Beast from the East”(BfE)in order to explore the different sources of information used by the public in preparation for and response to heavy snow *** study also examined the effectiveness of BfE risk communication between authorities and the public and sought to determine if there is a relationship between risk information received and the intention to mitigate *** were collected through a semistructured survey from(n=180)residents of the Annandale and Eskdale region of Dumfries and Galloway,*** analysis shows that public authority information sources were the most sought-after information sources,followed by online and web *** found statistically significant differences between groups(such as age,gender,and mobility/disability)in terms of using risk information *** analysis shows that the relationship between information received and the intention to mitigate risks is not linear but influenced by intervening variables such as work pressures,financial commitment,and stakeholders’*** argue that where full adherence to official risk advice is required,policymakers should carefully consider issues around these three factors.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Heavy snow Risk information sources Risk perception Scotland

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Invitation to psychology carole Wade, carol Tavris.

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Invitation to psychology Carole Wade, Carol Tavris.

Neocosmopolitan distributions of invertebrate aquatic invasive species due to euryhaline geographic history and human-mediated dispersal:Ponto-Caspian versus other geographic origins

2004年

作者： carole Wade carol Tavris.

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Ecological Processes 2023年第1期12卷 15-30页

作者： Aldona Dobrzycka-Krahel carol A.Stepien Zofia Nuc WSB University in Gdańsk Al.Grunwaldzka 238A80-266GdańskPoland faculty of Oceanography and Geography Institute of OceanographyUniversity of GdanskAl.Marszałka Piłsudskiego 4681-378 GdyniaPoland Department of Vertebrate Zoology Smithsonian InstitutionNational Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonDC 20013-7012USA.

Background:Aquatic invertebrate species that have broad salinity tolerances may be pre-adapted for invasion success and biogeographic distributional range expansions,facilitated by human-mediated dispersal(HMD),leading to a trend to become neocosmopolitan across many regions of the *** pattern appears to characterize many Ponto-Caspian(P-C)aquatic invertebrates,which have a>100-year history as aquatic invasive species(AIS),spreading throughout much of Eurasia and for some,in North America and *** study compiles comparative salinity conditions and distributional data for AIS invertebrate species globally versus those originating from the P-C region,to test whether they statistically ***:Our investigation discerns that a total of 1861 invertebrate AIS taxa have been recorded worldwide,with(A)70.5%exclusively living in the saline adaptive zone of brackish(0.5-30 ppt;A1)and/or marine waters(>30 ppt;A2),(B)20%in the freshwater adaptive zone alone(0-0.5 ppt),(C)7.5%being euryhaline(across both A and B),and(D)2%being semi-aquatic in either(D1)freshwater/terrestrial or(D2)saline/terrestrial *** contrast,our results indicate the following proportions for AIS invertebrates of P-C origins:(A)27%exclusively inhabit the saline adaptive zone,(B)25%are entirely freshwater,(C)45%are euryhaline,and(D)3%are semi-aquatic,significantly differing from the global *** AIS native to the P-C region thus markedly outnumber(45%)those originating from other regions(7.5%),likely pre-adapting them for widespread establishment in harbors,estuaries,and coastal ***,most P-C invertebrate AIS(70%)contain freshwater-tolerant populations(B+C),rendering them very successful invaders of inland water *** broad salinity tolerances of P-C AIS underlie their tremendous invasion successes and growing neocosmopolitan distributions with ***:An evolutionary and recent history of broad salinity tolerances of a large proportion of

关键词： Aquatic invasive species Biogeography Distribution pattern Euryhalinity freshwater adaptive zone Invasive species Neocosmopolitan Nonindigenous species Saline adaptive zone Zebra mussel

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Epigenetic reduction of DNA repair in progression to gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第5期7卷 30-46页

作者： carol Bernstein Harris Bernstein Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine College of Medicine University of Arizona

Deficiencies in DNA repair due to inherited germ-line mutations in DNA repair genes cause increased risk of gastrointestinal(GI) cancer. In sporadic GI cancers, mutations in DNA repair genes are relatively rare. However, epigenetic alterations that reduce expression of DNA repair genes are frequent in sporadic GI cancers. These epigenetic reductions are also found in field defects that give rise to cancers. Reduced DNA repair likely allows excessive DNA damages to accumulate in somatic cells. Then either inaccurate translesion synthesis past the un-repaired DNA damages or error-prone DNA repair can cause mutations. Erroneous DNA repair can also cause epigenetic alterations(i.e., epimutations, transmitted through multiple replication cycles). Some of these mutations and epimutations may cause progression to cancer. Thus, deficient or absent DNA repair is likely an important underlying cause of cancer. Whole genome sequencing of GI cancers show that between thousands to hundreds of thousands of mutations occur in these cancers. Epimutations that reduce DNA repair gene expression and occur early in progression to GI cancers are a likely source of this high genomic instability. Cancer cells deficient in DNA repair are more vulnerable than normal cells to inactivation by DNA damaging agents. Thus, some of the most clinically effective chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment are DNA damaging agents, and their effectiveness often depends on deficient DNA repair in cancer cells. Recently, at least 18 DNA repair proteins, each active in one of six DNA repair pathways, were found to be subject to epigenetic reduction of expression in GI cancers. Different DNA repair pathways repair different types of DNA damage. Evaluation of which DNA repair pathway(s) are deficient in particular types of GI cancer and/or particular patients may prove useful in guiding choice of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy.

关键词： Epigenetic DNA damage DNA repair DNA repair deficiency disorders Epimutation Genomicinstability Germ-line mutation MicroRNAs Precancerousconditions Gastrointestinal cancer

fibronectin: functional character and role in alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2482-2499页

作者： Razia S Aziz-Seible carol A Casey Department of Biomedical Sciences Creighton University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical Center985870 Nebraska Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center 986350 Nebraska Medical Center The Liver Study Unit Omaha Veterans Affairs Medical Center

fibronectins are adhesive glycoproteins that can be found in tissue matrices and circulating in various fluids of the body. The variable composition of fibronectin molecules facilitates a diversity of interactions with cell surface receptors that suggest a role for these proteins beyond the structural considerations of the extracellular matrix. These interactions implicate fibronectin in the regulation of mechanisms that also determine cell behavior and activity. The two major forms, plasma fibronectin (pfn) and cellular fibronectin (cfn), exist as balanced amounts under normal physiological conditions. However, during injury and/or disease, tissue and circulating levels of cfn become disproportionately elevated. The accumulating cfn, in addition to being a consequence of prolonged tissue damage, may in factstimulate cellular events that promote further damage. In this review, we summarize what is known regarding such interactions between fibronectin and cells that may influence the biological response to injury. We elaborate on the effects of cfn in the liver, specifically under a condition of chronic alcohol-induced injury. Studies have revealed that chronic alcohol consumption stimulates excess production of cfn by sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells while impairing its clearance by other cell types resulting in the build up of this glycoprotein throughout the liver and its consequent increased availability to influence cellular activity that could promote the development of alcoholic liver disease. We describe recent findings by our laboratory that support a plausible role for cfn in the promotion of liver injury under a condition of chronic alcohol abuse and the implications of cfn stimulation on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. These findings suggest an effect of cfn in regulating cell behavior in the alcohol-injured liver that is worth further characterizing not only to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role this r

关键词： fibronectin Liver disease Alcoholic liver disease Endocytosis Cellular fibronectin